1、职称英语卫生类 C级-35 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、第 1部分：词汇选项(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.Smoking will not be allowed in all public places here. A. forbidden B. banned C. permitted D. promoted（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.2.Have you met Tom recently? A. shortly B. currently C. lately D. probably（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.3.He was a very sm
2、art boy but he made a foolish decision this time. A. clever B. honest C. brave D. dull（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.4.I will not accept his suggestion. A. believe B. understand C. explain D. follow（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.5.He always did well at school in spite of taking a part - time jobs. A. despite B. regardless of C
3、. on account of D. in case of（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.6.Please put up your hands if you can answer this question. A. raise B. reach C. wave D. shake（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.7.Though he was born in America, he can speak smooth Chinese. A. perfect B. fluent C. poor D. flowing（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.8.The new teacher gave us
4、 a rather boring lesson. A. strange B. special C. quiet D. dull（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.9.Suddenly, we were awakened by a loud noise outside. A. aroused B. annoyed C. arisen D. aware（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.10.I am really thankful to you for all you have done for me. A. helpful B. useful C. pitiful D. grateful（分数：1
5、.00）A.B.C.D.11.It is a pity that you have missed the most important contents. A. lost B. caught C. refused D. rejected（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.12.Jean has determined not to attend the party. A. tried B. promised C. decided D. attempted（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.13.The government has protected farmers from damaging dr
6、ops in grain prices. A. slight B. surprising C. sudden D. harmful（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.14.It is pleased for me to have met you here. A. a pity B. glad C. sad D. unwilling（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.15.The sports meeting was put off because of the heavy rain. A. put down B. put out C. delayed D. cancelled（分数：1.00）A.
7、B.C.D.二、第 2部分：阅读判断(总题数：1，分数：7.00)1. Drug ReactionsA Major Cause of DeathAdverse (有害的) drug reactions may cause the deaths of over 100, 000 US hospital patients each year, making them a leading cause of death nationwide, according to a report in the Journal of the America Medical Association.“The inc
8、idence of serious and fatal adverse drug reactions (ADRs) in US hospitals was found to be extremely high, “ say researchers at the University of Toronto in Ontario, Canada.They carried on an analysis of 39 ADR-related studies at US hospitals over the past 30 years and defined an ADR as “any harmful,
9、 unintended, and undesired effect of a drug which Occurs at doses used in humans for prevention, diagnosis, or therapy. “An average 6.7% of all hospitalized patients experience an ADR every, year, according to the researchers. They estimate that “in 1 994, overall 2, 216, 000 hospitalized patients h
10、ad serious ADRs, and 106, 000 had fatal ADRs. “This means that ADRs may rank as the fourth single largest cause of death in America.And these incidence figures are probably conservative, the researchers adds since their ADR, denition did not include outcomes linked to problems in drug administration
11、, overdoses, drug abuse, and therapeutic failures.The control of ADRs also means spending more money. One US study estimated the overall cost of treating ADRs at up to $ 4 billion per year.Dr. David Bates of Brigham and Womens Hospital in Boston, Massachusetts, believes that healthcare workers need
12、to pay more attention to the problem, especially since many ADRs are easily preventable. “When a patient develops and allergy or sensitivity, it is often not recorded, “ Bates notes, “ and patients receive drugs to which they have known allergies or sensitivities with disturbing frequency. “He belie
13、ves computerized surveillance (监督) systems - still works - in - progress at many of the nation s hospitals - should help cut down the frequency of these types oferrors.（分数：7.00）(1).Adverse drug reactions cause the deaths of as many as 100, 000 US patients each year.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not menti
14、oned(2).There are probably more female victims of ADR.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(3).ADR refers to any harmful, unintended, and undesired effect of a drug use.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(4).6.7% patients experience an ADR every year, the single largest cause of death in Americ（
15、分数：1.00）A.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned(5).The sum of money spent in treating ADRs this year is bigger than that of last year.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(6).Dr. David Bates believes many ADRs are preventable.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(7).Computerized surveillance systems ha
16、ve been widely used in hospitals to control ADRs.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned三、第 3部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：2，分数：8.00) A. The important of having recreation B. The recreation centers C. Type of sports D. Fun of being spectators E. The need for recreation F. The love of spectators（分数：4.00）(1).Paragr
17、aph 1 1.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Paragraph 2 1.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Paragraph 3 1.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Paragraph 4 1.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_ A. must be very boring B. some kind of recreation C. participating in them D. to relax oneself E. to choose one s own way of relaxing F. maintain good health（分数：4.00）(1).To
18、keep fit and enjoy life, all of us must have 1.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Participating in door sports or outdoor sports is a good way 1.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Many people prefer watching games to 1.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).It is generally believed that those who work all the time and do not know how to relax 1.（分
19、数：1.00）填空项 1:_四、第 4部分：阅读理解(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、第一篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)What We Need in Our DietThe primary consideration in achieving a balanced diet is now how much or how little we eat, but what we eat. Basically we need carbohydrates, protein, fat, vitamins and minerals, together with regular but not exce
20、ssive exercise.Carbohydrates are found in foods such as bread, potatoes and sugar. They are excellent energy products, but if eaten to excess may be largely converted to fat and a reduction in the amount of carbohydrates or “starchy: foods is one of the obvious ways to reduce weight, since most of u
21、s eat too much of them anyway.Protein, found in meat and cheese, is used for tissue building and in the developed countries most people eat about 110g daily, which is a good deal more than the recommended minimum of 70g a day. Animal fats, e. g. butter are also good sources of energy, but are someti
22、mes held to caus increased cholesterol levels in the blood (which may lead to fatty deposits in the arteries) and are therefore best avoided by people suffering from certain forms of heart disease, vegetable fats being recommended as a substitue.Vitamins are another essential requirement for health.
23、 There are about forty known vitamins, but the most generally referred to are A, B, C, D and E, Deficiency of Vitamin A, found in carrots, rose - hips, etc. , is alleged (据称) to affect the vision and the skin and reduce resistance to infection. Vitamin C, present in nearly all fruit, particularly or
24、anges and other citrus fruit, has come to be regarded as particularly effective in the prevention of cold and low energy states.Among the minerals we need, the most important are calcium, iron and iodinc (碘). Milk is one of the richest sources of calcium, which helps to build our bones and our teeth
25、. Lack of iron in the blood produces anaemia anay children and others suffering from anaemic conditions are generally advised to increase their intake of iron, which: may be found in liver, lentils, molasses and dates among other foods.（分数：15.00）(1).According to the passage, one of the most obvious
26、ways to reduce weight is _.（分数：3.00）A.avoiding taking in animal fat.B.reducing the amount of carbohydrates.C.not taking in excessive vitamins.D.taking in enough iron.(2).Good energy providers are _.（分数：3.00）A.carbohydrates and protein.B.carbohydrates and animal fats.C.protein and animal fats.D.anima
27、l fats and vitamins.(3).The recommended minimum amount of protein that one should take in is _.（分数：3.00）A.110g daily.B.70g daily.C.40g daily.D.180g daily.(4).Deficiency of Vitamin A may lead to _.（分数：3.00）A.poor eyesight.B.smooth skin.C.good resistance to infection.D.increased blood pressur(5).Which
28、 of the following is the richest source ofcalcium?（分数：3.00）A.Oranges.B.Milk.C.Cheese.D.Carrots.六、第二篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)The Modern Vegetarian MovementToday vegetarianism is trendy -25 percent of adolescents even think its “cool“. The success of vegetarian cosmetics and vegetarian foods like veggie dogs
29、and turkey is a testament to the diets popularity. Groups that promote vegetarianism and animal rights, like the Humane Society of the United States (HSUS) and People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA), have tremendous lobbying (游说) power with major companies. But vegetarianism hasnt always
30、 been so generally accepted, nor has it always been linked with the animal - rights movement.In 17th - and 18th - century Europe, some Protestant groups embraced vegetarianism as a moral directive - a way to be sinless. By the 19th century, European and North American vegetarianism had become a frin
31、ge (外围的) health movement. Adherents promoted the dietary benefits of vegetarianism -even coupling it with temperance (戒酒) and anti - tobacco movements. Modem, organized vegetarianism began with the formation of the Vegetarian Society in 1847 by the Bible Christian Sect of England. Within a year, the
32、 Society had 478 members.It wasnt until the mid 20th century that vegetarianism partnered with animal rights movement. Americas most notorious animal rights organization, PETA, vigorously protests against all meat, animal products and animal testing. It is best known for its bold ad campaigns. The H
33、SUS takes a less strict approach. It accepts that people will eat meat and focus instead on reducing meat consumption, replacing animal products and improving farming techniques. Both PETA and the HSUS, however, are powerful political machines: They hold stock in companies like Tyson, Wal - Mart, Mc
34、Donalds and Smithfields. The modem vegetarian movement is getting ever more powerful.（分数：15.00）(1).Which of the following is not true according to the first paragraph?（分数：3.00）A.Vegetarianism is trendy and many youngsters applaud it.B.It has always been generally accepted and linked with the animal
35、-right movement.C.Popularity of the diet is reflected by the success of vegetarian cosmetics and vegetarian foods.D.Groups that promote vegetarianism and animal rights are influential to some big companies.(2).Vegetarianism first appeared _.（分数：3.00）A.in 17th - and 18th - century Europe.B.in the 19t
36、h century Europe.C.in the 19th century America.D.in the mid - 19th century Englan(3).In the 19th century Europe and North America vegetarianism was linked to _.（分数：3.00）A.the animal rights movement.B.the health movement.C.temperance and anti - tobacco movements.D.women s rights movement.(4).Accordin
37、g to the passage, PETA is best known for _.（分数：3.00）A.its bold ad campaign.B.its protesting against meat.C.its political power.D.its financial status.(5).Which of the following best describes the groups that promote vegetarianism according to the author?（分数：3.00）A.They really care for animal rights
38、as well as human rights.B.They are just powerful political machines.C.They make use of major companies to promote vegetarianism.D.The don t have much power over people or companies.七、第三篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Lead Poisoning: A Silent EpidemicHow much lead is harmful? Until the 1970s, exposure to lead was c
39、onsidered dangerous only at blood levels associated with extreme symptoms of poisoning: convulsions (惊厥), brains swelling, acute kidney disease, stomach pains and hallucinations (幻觉). But low -level lead poisoning can cause symptoms that, while subtle, are no less serious. As a result, the CDC has c
40、ontinually lowered the point at which patients should be treated for lead poisoning.One of the most influential study of lead s low - level effects was published by Herbert Needleman, professor of psychiatry at the University of Pittsburgh Medical School. Testing first and second grade students in t
41、he Boston area, he found the lowest I. Q. , academic achievement, language skills and attention span among children with the highest tooth levels (起损害作用的量) of lead. “None of their lead levels exceed the CDCs 1979 toxicity threshold. “Says Paul Mushak, an expert on toxic substances, “Our children and
42、 people in the risk groups shouldnt be held hostage (成为人质) to a preventable disease. “What can be done? In some cases the treatment for low - level lead poisoning can be as simple as removing the source of pollution, for example, to stop drinking tap water in some cases. But no one knows the long -
43、term effects of lead poisoning may be. The small amount of research done so far suggest that intellectual impairment may be irreversible (不可逆的).Nor is it always easy to know what water is safe. Jeanne Briskin, a policy analyst with the EPA, reports that in uncounted schools across the country water
44、in drinking fountains may be lead - contaminated. Even the child whose parents have removed the lead threat at home may still be gulping (吞咽)the metal every school day.The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that children be screened for lead poisoning at 12 months of age, with their doctor to
45、 determine follow - up examinations; men at risk for hypertension (高血压) should also have their blood lead levels tested.Prevention is even more important. Public -health specialists have intensified efforts to control the pollutant. Meanwhile, for the individual, that means testing potential househo
46、ld sources of contamination.（分数：15.00）(1).Before the 1970s, exposure to lead was considered safe unless（分数：3.00）A.the amount of exposure was large.B.it caused extreme symptoms of poisoning.C.it caused symptoms whether serious or not.D.poisoning had led to death among the poisone(2).Which of the foll
47、owing statements is true about the study conducted by Herbert Needleman according to the passage?（分数：3.00）A.It tested first and second grade students from all over the United States.B.All the students tested had lowerI. Q. and academic achievement than normal students.C.None of the students with sym
48、ptoms exceeded the safety level set in 1979 by CDC.D.It proved the lead s high - level effects on people, especially on children.(3).One way to treat low -level lead poisoning is to（分数：3.00）A.remove the source of pollution.B.to get rid of the lead in the body with medicine.C.stop drinking bottled wa
49、ter.D.stop eating foods that contain lea(4).The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that all the following groups of people should be tested for lead poisoning EXCEPT（分数：3.00）A.children at 12 months of age.B.children whose doctors advise them taking the test.C.men at risk for high blood pressure.D.women at risk for hypertension.(5
