1、职称英语理工类 C 级模拟 76 及答案解析(总分：113.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、第 1 部分：词汇选项(总题数：15，分数：16.00)1.Mr. Johnson evidently regarded this as a great joke.（分数：1.00）A.readilyB.casuallyC.obviouslyD.simply2.The contract between the two companies will expire soon.（分数：1.00）A.shortenB.endC.startD.resume3.We should not sacrifice env
2、ironmental protections to foster economic growth.（分数：1.00）A.reduceB.giveC.promoteD.realize4.I was astonished at the news of his escape.（分数：1.00）A.amusedB.amountedC.amazedD.approached5.The leaves have been swept into huge heaps.（分数：1.00）A.loadsB.layersC.pyramidsD.piles6.Only a small minority of the m
3、entally ill are liable to harm themselves or others.（分数：1.00）A.easyB.possibleC.likelyD.difficult7.The use of the chemical may present a certain hazard to the laboratory workers.（分数：1.00）A.protectionB.indicationC.immunityD.danger8.A crowd gathered to see what had happened.（分数：1.00）A.collectedB.fixedC
4、.dividedD.assist9.Can you do the task alone, or do you want anyone to assist you?（分数：1.00）A.aimB.helpC.showD.guide10.The president proposed that we should bring the meeting to a close.（分数：2.00）A.statedB.saidC.suggestedD.announced11.An old friend called on me the day before yesterday.（分数：1.00）A.telep
5、honedB.rangC.visitedD.saw12.This valve regulates the flow of water.（分数：1.00）A.fightB.abolishC.removeD.control13.Man cannot exit without water.（分数：1.00）A.expandB.riseC.liveD.quit14.He has trouble understanding that other people judge him by his social skills and conduct .（分数：1.00）A.styleB.behaviorC.m
6、odeD.attitude15.The sea turtle“s natural habitat has been considerably reduced.（分数：1.00）A.greatlyB.suddenlyC.generallyD.slightly二、第 2 部分：阅读判断(总题数：1，分数：7.00)EarthquakeHow does an earthquake start? What makes an earthquake happen? The rock of the earth“s crust (地壳) may have a fault, a kind of break in
7、 the surface. The blocks which make up the earth move, and sometimes this may cause the sides of the fault to move up and down or lengthways (纵向地) against each other. When one piece of rock starts to rub on another with great force, a lot of energy is used. This energy is changed into vibrations (振动
8、) and it is these vibrations that we reef as an earthquake. The vibrations can travel thousands of kilometers and so an earthquake in Turkey may be felt in Greece. What to do during an earthquake? At school As soon as the earthquake starts, students should get under the desks immediately and wait un
9、til the teacher tells them it is safe to come out. The teacher should, at the same time, go immediately to the teacher“s desk, get underneath (在下面) it and stay there till the danger is over. Students must not argue with the teacher or question instructions. As soon as the tremors (震动) stop, all stud
10、ents should walk towards the exit and go straight to the school playground or any open space such as a square or a park. They must wait there until the teacher tells them it is safe to go. At home If you are at home when the earthquake occurs, get immediately under the table in the living room or ki
11、tchen. Choose the biggest and strongest table you can find. You must not go anywhere near the window and don“t go out onto the balcony (阳台). Once the tremors have stopped, you can come out from under the table but you must leave the building straight away. You should walk down the stairs and should
12、not use the lift-there may be a power cut as a result of the earthquake and you could find yourself trapped inside the lift for hours. In the street If you are in the street when the earthquake takes place, do not stand near buildings, fences or walls-move away as quickly as possible and try to find
13、 a large open space to wait in. Standing under trees could also be dangerous.（分数：7.00）(1).People knew long ago how an earthquake starts.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(2).Thousands of people were killed during an earthquake in Turkey.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(3).As soon as an ear
14、thquake occurs, students should leave the building.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(4).Students should go to the school playground or an open space once the tremors stop.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(5).If you are at home when an earthquake occurs, stand near a big table.（分数：1.00）A.Ri
15、ghtB.WrongC.Not mentioned(6).The best way to leave the building during an earthquake is to get into a lift.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(7).If you are in the street when an earthquake occurs, stay in a large open space.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned三、第 3 部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：1，分数：20.00)
16、American FamiliesDespite social and economic differences among Americans, many American families have certain characteristics in common. Both the husband and wife were born in the United States, and their forefathers came from Europe. They have completed high school, and they belong to the middle cl
17、ass. They have a car, a television set, a washing machine, a refrigerator, a telephone, etc. They own their own home and spend about 55% of their income for housing and food. Clothing accounts for almost 10% of their income, medical care 6%, transportation 8% and taxes 15%. The rest of their income
18、is used for such items as insurance, savings, gifts, and recreation. Most families consist of a mother, a father, and, at most, two children living at home. There may be relativesgrandparents, aunts, uncles, cousins living in the same community, but American families usually maintain separate househ
19、olds. This family structure is known as the “nuclear family“. It is unusual for members of the family other than the husband, wife, and children to live together. Marriage in the United States is considered a matter of individual responsibility and decision. Young people frequently fall in love and
20、marry even if their parents disagree. American marriages are usually based on romantic love, rather than on social class, education, or religion. After their marriage, the young couple is free to decide where to live and when to start a family. Most young couples set up their own household immediate
21、ly. In the early 1970s only 15% of all married couples were not living on their ownindependently and by themselves. Most married people practise some kind of birth control. They plan the number of children they are going to have and when their children will be born. The practice of limiting the size
22、 of families has general approval. The birth rate has been declining steadily in recent years.（分数：20.00）(1).Paragraph 1 1. A. Post-marriage life B. The birth rate in the early 1970s C. Usual family structure of American families D. Features in common in many American families E. Marriage concept in
23、USA F. In marriages usually romantic love is as important as social class, education, or religion（分数：2.50）(2).Paragraph 2 1.（分数：2.50）(3).Paragraph 3 1.（分数：2.50）(4).Paragraph 4 1.（分数：2.50）(5).There are 1 among many American families. Alive with their parents Btheir own decisions Cmost American famili
24、es are usually small Dthe family structure Esome similar features F. has been dropping（分数：2.50）(6).Young Americans make 1 on marriage.（分数：2.50）(7).Most married couple don“t 1.（分数：2.50）(8).The birth rate 1 over the last few years.（分数：2.50）四、第 4 部分：阅读理解(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、第一篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Hair Detectiv
25、esScientists have found a way to use hair to figure out where a person is from and where that person has been. The finding could help solve crimes, among other useful applications. Water is central to the new technique. Our bodies break water down into its parts: hydrogen (氢) and oxygen. Atoms (原子)
26、of these two elements end up in our tissues and hair. But not all water is the same. Hydrogen and oxygen atoms can vary in how much they weigh. Different forms of a single element are called isotopes (同位素). And depending on where you live, tap water contains unique proportions of the heavier and lig
27、hter isotopes of hydrogen and oxygen. Might hair record these watery quirks (古怪举动；怪癖)? That“s what James R. Ehleringer, an environmental scientist at the University of Utah in Salt Lake City, wondered. To find out, he and his colleagues collected hair from barbers and hair stylists (发型师) in 65 citie
28、s in 18 states across the United States. The researchers assumed that the hair they collected came from people who lived in the area. Even though people drink a lot of bottled water these days, the scientists found that hair overwhelmingly (压倒性的) reflected the concentrations of hydrogen and oxygen i
29、sotopes in local tap water. That“s probably because people usually cook their food in the local water. What“s more, most of the other liquids people drink including milk and soft drinks contain large amounts of water that also come from sources within their region. Scientists already knew how the co
30、mposition of water varies throughout the country. Ehleringer and colleagues combined that information with their results to predict the composition of hair in people from different regions. One hair sample used in Ehleringer“s study came from a man who had recently moved from Beijing, China, to Salt
31、 Lake City. As his hair grew, it reflected his change in location. The new technique can“t point to exactly where a person is from, because similar types of water appear in different regions that span a broad area. But authorities can now use the information to analyze hair samples from criminals or
32、 crime victims and narrow their search for clues (线索).（分数：15.00）(1).Which of the following is NOT correct about tap water of writer“s view point?（分数：3.00）A.Tap water reflects the concentrations of hydrogen and oxygen isotopes in different regions.B.Tap water is a kind of soft drink in the United Sta
33、tes.C.Tap water contains unique proportions of isotopes of hydrogen and oxygen.D.Tap water is used to cook food.(2).James R. Ehleringer tried to find out _.（分数：3.00）A.if our bodies break water down into its partsB.if it is possible to collect hair samples across the countryC.if tap water contains un
34、ique proportions of isotopes of hydrogen and oxygenD.if the composition of hair can indicate exactly where people are from(3).Which of the following statements is meant by the writer?（分数：3.00）A.Ehleringer was successful in his research.B.Ehleringer failed in his research.C.Ehleringer can be a succes
35、sful detective.D.Ehleringer“s research proved successful in China.(4).What does the last paragraph tell you?（分数：3.00）A.The new technique can tell precisely where a person lives.B.Water supplied in different regions all come from the same source.C.Types of water used in different regions provide usef
36、ul information for the police.D.Hair samples provide the most important clues to identify crimes.(5).Which of the following is closest in meaning to the title?（分数：3.00）A.Human hair may help detectives to solve crimes.B.Animal hair may help detectives to solve crimes.C.Detectives watch hairy criminal
37、s closely.D.Most detectives are hair specialists.六、第二篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Explorer of the Extreme DeepOceans cover more than two-thirds of our planet. Yet, just a small fraction of the underwater world has been unexplored. Now, Scientists at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) in Massachuset
38、ts are building an underwater vehicle that will carry explorers as deep as 6,500 meters (21,320 feet). The new machine, known as a manned submersible (潜艇) or human-operated vehicle (HOV), will replace another one named Alvin which has an amazing record of discovery, playing a key role in various imp
39、ortant and famous undersea expeditions. Alvin has been operating for 40 years but can go down only 4,500 meters (14,784 feet). “It“s about time for an upgrade“, WHOI researchers say. “Alvin was launched (发动) in 1964. Since then, Alvin has worked between 200 and 250 days a year“, says Daniel Fornari,
40、 a marine geologist (地址学者) and director of the Deep Ocean Exploration Institute at WHOI. During its lifetime, Alvin has carried some 12,000 people on a total of more than 3,000 dives. “A newer, better versions of Alvin is bound to reveal even more surprises about a world that is still full of myster
41、ies“, Fornari says. It might also make the job of exploration a little easier. “We take so much for granted on land,“ Fornari says. “We can walk around and see with our eyes how big things are. We can see colors, special arrangements.“ Size-wise, the new HOV will be similar to Alvin. It“ll be about
42、37 feet long. The setting area inside will be a small sphere, about 8 feet wide, like Alvin. It“ll carry a pilot and two passengers. It will be just as maneuverable (机动的). In most other ways, it will give passengers more opportunities to enjoy the view, for one thing. Alvin has only three windows, t
43、he new vehicle will have five, with more overlap so that the passengers and the pilot can see the same thing. Alvin can go up and down at a rate of 30 meters every second, and its maximum speed is 2 knots (about 2.3 miles per hour), while the new vehicle will be able to ascend and descend at 44 mete
44、rs per second. It“ll reach speeds of 3 knots, or 3.5 miles per hour.（分数：15.00）(1).What is Alvin?（分数：3.00）A.A research institute.B.A transporting vehicle.C.A submersible.D.A scientist.(2).Which of the following statements is NOT a fact about Alvin?（分数：3.00）A.It can carry explorers as deep as 6,500 me
45、ters.B.It has played a key role in various important undersea expeditions.C.It was launched in the sixties of the twentieth century.D.It has been used for more than 40 years.(3).“.a world that is still full of mysteries“ refers to _.（分数：3.00）A.the earthB.out spaceC.the oceanD.Mars(4).In what aspects
46、 are the new HOV and Alvin similar?（分数：3.00）A.Size.B.Speed.C.Capacity.D.Both A and C.(5).In what aspects are the new HOV and Alvin different?（分数：3.00）A.Offering better views.B.Speed.C.Size.D.Both A and B.七、第三篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)On the Trial of the Honey BadgerOn a recent field trip to the Kalahari Dese
47、rt, a team of researchers learn a lot more about honey badgers. The team employed a local wildlife expert Kitso Khama to help them locate and follow the badgers across the desert. Their main aim was to study the badgers“ movements and behavior as discreetly (谨慎地) as possible without frightening them
48、 away or causing them to change their natural behavior. They also planned to trap a few and study them close up before releasing them in view of the animal“s reputation, this was something that even Khama was reluctant to do. “The problem with honey badgers is they are naturally curious animals, esp
49、ecially when they see something new,“ he says. “That, combined with their unpredictable nature, can be a dangerous mixture. If they sense you have food, for example, they won“t be shy about coming right up to you for something to eat. They“re actually quite sociable creatures around humans, but as soon as they feel they might be in danger, they can become extremely vicious (凶恶的). Fortunately this is rare, but it does happen.“ The research confirmed many things that were already known. As expected, honey badgers ate any creatures they could catch and kill. Even poisonous sna
