1、职称英语理工类 B级模拟 55及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、第 1部分：词汇选项(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.You look smart in the new suit.（分数：1.00）A.cleverB.handsomeC.loyalD.brave2.He hasn“t the funds to carry out his design.（分数：1.00）A.makeB.keepC.changeD.implement3.I was astonished at the news of his escape.（分数：1.00）A.amusedB.amoun
2、tedC.amazedD.approached4.It“s almost 5 o“clock, time to quit .（分数：1.00）A.increaseB.stopC.continueD.keep5.Do you follow what I am saying?（分数：1.00）A.changeB.investigateC.writeD.understand6.The boys broke into excited cheering.（分数：1.00）A.burstB.blastedC.burnedD.blazed7.China does a lot of trade with ma
3、ny countries.（分数：1.00）A.a great deal ofB.a great many ofC.a large number ofD.a great level of8.An old friend called on me the day before yesterday.（分数：1.00）A.telephonedB.rangC.visitedD.saw9.We are going to have the TV fixed .（分数：1.00）A.preparedB.mendedC.cleanedD.arranged10.I am heartily grateful to
4、your help.（分数：1.00）A.helpfulB.hatefulC.delightfulD.thankful11.She eventually married the most persistent one of her admirers.（分数：1.00）A.in a wayB.in due courseC.in the endD.in any case12.Five minutes left, the outcome of the match was still in doubt.（分数：1.00）A.resultB.judgmentC.decisionD.event13.The
5、 reporter was accused of unprofessional conduct .（分数：1.00）A.movementB.wordsC.principleD.behavior14.He made a considerable sum of money in real estate.（分数：1.00）A.largeB.positiveC.powerfulD.realistic15.A crowd gathered to see what had happened.（分数：1.00）A.collectedB.fixedC.dividedD.assist二、第 2部分：阅读判断(总
6、题数：1，分数：7.00)Sonic DeviceThe other day, Dr. Robert Smith, who is blind, took a remarkable stroll through the campus of the University of California at Santa Barbara. As Dr. Smith walked along the campus, places and impediments (障碍物) in his path seemed to call out their names to him, “library here, l
7、ibrary here“, “bench here, bench here“. Dr. Smith was testing a prototype(样机) navigation system for the blind that announced the surrounding objects through stereo headphones that were mounted to a computer in his back-pack (背包), creating virtual reality landscape(仿真景象). The information came not fro
8、m some miniature radar but from the signals broadcast by the military“s network of global positioning satellites(全球定位卫星). One day, its developers hope, miniaturized(小型化) versions of this navigation device, which now weighs 28 pounds, will help the blind navigate unfamiliar neighborhoods. “With this
9、system you do not need to know a thing in advance about where you are going,“ said Dr. Roberta Klatzky, a psychologist at Carnegie Mellon University who is working with Dr. Smith to develop the navigating device. Dr. Michael Oberdor of the National Eye Institute said, “A blind person could walk down
10、 the street and know not just that he was at 80th and Broadway, but what stores are around, and that Zabar“s delicatessen(熟食店) was up ahead. This navigation system tells you not just where there are obstacles, but your overall location geographically.“ It lets blind users construct a mental map of n
11、ew surroundings and learn their way around. The navigation system uses signals from a computerized map to create a “virtual acoustic display (仿真声音显示).“ This is a talking map in which large objects seem to announce themselves in the headphones with the precise timing and loudness that would be the ca
12、se if the objects were actually making a sound. This allows the blind person to sense immediately his or her distance or direction, and use that information for guidance While no one knows whether it is because blind people tend to develop a sharper sense of hearing. Those who have tried the system
13、say that they quickly adapt to locating an object through the sounds. “One of the crucial features of this system is that it takes advantage of sensory psychophysics(感官心理物理学) how the brain interprets signals from outside to make a map of your surroundings so you can navigate,“ Dr. Oberdor said.（分数：7
14、.00）(1).Thanks to the help of this sonic device, blind people can hear obstacles in the way speaking out their names.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(2).Dr. Smith hopes to make this device smaller so as to help the blind navigate unfamiliar places.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(3).Alth
15、ough this device will be useful, most of the blind may not afford it.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(4).According to Dr. Oberdor, this device can lead the blind people to the exact place he/she wants to go.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(5).The blind can hear better than ordinary peopl
16、e.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(6).Scientists intend to reduce the weight of this device to ten pound.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(7).Sensory psychophysics play a vital part in the invention of this device.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned三、第 3部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：1，分数：8.00)Intel
17、ligence: a Changed View1. Intelligence was believed to be a fixed entity(存在，实体), some faculty of the mind that we all possess and which determines in some way the extent of our achievements. Its value therefore, was as a predictor of children“s future learning. If they differed markedly in their abi
18、lity to learn complex tasks, then it was clearly necessary to educate them differently and the need for different types of school and even different ability groups within school was obvious. Intelligence tests could be used for streaming(分组) children according to ability at an early age; and at 11 t
19、hese tests were superior to measures of attainment for selecting children for different types of secondary education. 2. Today, we are beginning to think differently. In the last few years, research has thrown doubt on the view that innate intelligence can ever be measured and on the very nature of
20、intelligence itself. There is considerable evidence now which shows a great influence of environment both on achievement and intelligence. Children with poor home backgrounds not only do less well in their school work and intelligence tests but their performance tends to deteriorate gradually compar
21、ed with that of their more fortunate classmates. 3. There are evidences that support the view that we have to distinguish between genetic intelligence and observed intelligence. Any deficiency in the appropriate genes will restrict development no matter how stimulating the environment. We cannot obs
22、erve and measure innate(内在的) intelligence, whereas we can measure the effects of the interaction(相互作用) of whatever is inherited with whatever stimulation has been received from the environment. Researches have been investigation what happens in this interaction. 4. Two major findings have emerged fr
23、om these researches. Firstly, the greater part of the development of observed intelligence occurs in the earliest years of life. It is estimated that 50 per cent of measurable intelligence at age 17 is already predicable by the age of four. Secondly, the most important factors in the environment are
24、 language and psychological aspects of the parent-child relationship. Much of the difference in measured intelligence between “privileged“ and “disadvantaged“ children may be due to the latter“s lack of appropriate verbal stimulation (激发，促进) and the poverty of their perceptual experiences. 5. These
25、research findings have led to a revision in our understanding of the nature of intelligence. Instead of it being some largely inherited fixed power of the mind, we now see it as a set of developed skills with which a person copes with any environment. These skills have to be learned and, indeed, one
26、 of them is learning how to learn. 6. The modern ideas concerning the nature of intelligence are bound to have some effect on our school system. In one respect a change is already occurring. With the move toward comprehensive education and the development of unstreamed classes, fewer children will b
27、e given the label “low IQ“ which must inevitably condemn a child in his own, if not society s eyes. The idea that we can teach children to be intelligent in the same way that we can teach them reading or arithmetic is accepted by more and more people.（分数：8.00）(1).A. Effect of Environment on Intellig
28、ence. B. Difference Between Genetic Intelligence and Observed Intelligence. C. Main Results of Recent Researches. D. Environment and Achievement. E. Impact on School Education. F. A changed View of Intelligence. Paragraph 2 1（分数：1.00）(2).Paragraph 4 1（分数：1.00）(3).Paragraph 5 1（分数：1.00）(4).Paragraph
29、6 1（分数：1.00）(5).A. teach children to be intelligent B. whatever stimulation has been received from the environment C. and because of the lack of communication with his classmates D. a predictor of children“s future learning E. taught to be more intelligent F. language and psychological aspects of th
30、e parent-child relationship Intelligence was once believed to be a fixed entity, valued as 1.（分数：1.00）(6).We can measure the effects of the interaction of whatever is inherited with 1.（分数：1.00）(7).The most important factors in the environment are 1.（分数：1.00）(8).We can 1 in the same way that we can t
31、each them reading.（分数：1.00）四、第 4部分：阅读理解(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、第一篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)第一篇 Hair DetectivesScientists have found a way to use hair to figure out where a person is from and where that person has been. The finding could help solve crimes, among other useful applications. Water is central to the new
32、 technique. Our bodies break water down into its parts: hydrogen(氢) and oxygen. Atoms(原子) of these two elements end up in our tissues and hair. But not all water is the same. Hydrogen and oxygen atoms can vary in how much they weigh. Different forms of a single element are called isotopes(同位素). And
33、depending on where you live, tap water contains unique proportions of the heavier and lighter isotopes of hydrogen and oxygen. Might hair record these watery quirks(古怪举动；怪癖). That“s what James R. Ehleringer, an environmental scientist at the University of Utah in Salt Lake City, wondered. To find ou
34、t, he and his colleagues collected hair from barbers and hair stylists(发型师) in 65 cities in 18 states across the United States. The researchers assumed that the hair they collected came from people who lived in the area. Even though people drink a lot of bottled water these days, the scientists foun
35、d that hair overwhelmingly(压倒性地) reflected the concentrations of hydrogen and oxygen isotopes in local tap water. That“s probably because people usually cook their food in the local water. What“s more, most of the other liquids people drink including milk and soft drinks contain large amounts of wat
36、er that also come from sources within their region. Scientists already knew how the composition of water varies throughout the country. Ehleringer and colleagues combined that information with their results to predict the composition of hair in people from different regions. One hair sample used in
37、Ehleringer“s study came from a man who had recently moved from Beijing,China, to Salt Lake City. As his hair grew, it reflected his change in location. The new technique can“t point to exactly where a person is from, because similar types of water appear in different regions that span a broad area.
38、But authorities can now use the information to analyze hair samples from criminals or crime victims and narrow their search for clues(线索).（分数：15.00）(1).Which of the following is NOT correct about tap water of writer“s view point?（分数：3.00）A.Tap water reflects the concentrations of hydrogen and oxygen
39、 isotopes in different regions.B.Tap water is a kind of soft drink in the United States.C.Tap water contains unique proportions of isotopes of hydrogen and oxygen.D.Tap water is used to cook food.(2).James R. Ehleringer tried to find out（分数：3.00）A.if our bodies break water down into its parts.B.if i
40、t is possible to collect hair samples across the country.C.if tap water contains unique proportions of isotopes of hydrogen and oxygen.D.if the composition of hair can indicate exactly where people are from.(3).Which of the following statements is meant by the writer?（分数：3.00）A.Ehleringer was succes
41、sful in his research.B.Ehleringer failed in his research.C.Ehleringer can be a successful detective.D.Ehleringer“s research proved successful in China.(4).What does the last paragraph tell you?（分数：3.00）A.The new technique can tell precisely where a person lives.B.Water supplied in different regions
42、all come from the same source.C.Types of water used in different regions provide useful information for the police.D.Hair samples provide the most important clues to identify crimes.(5).Which of the following is closest in meaning to the title?（分数：3.00）A.Human hair may help detectives to solve crime
43、s.B.Animal hair may help detectives to solve crimes.C.Detectives watch hairy criminals closely.D.Most detectives are hair specialists.六、第二篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)第二篇 Pushbike PerilLow speed bicycle crashes can badly injure or even kill children if they fall onto the ends of the handlebars(车把) so a team of
44、engineers is redesigning the humble handlebar in a bid to make it safer. Kristy Arbogast, a bioengineer at the Children“s Hospital of Philadelphia in Pennsylvania, began the project with her colleagues after a study of serious abdominal(腹部的) injuries in children in the past 30 years showed that more
45、 than a third were caused by bicycle accidents. “The task was to identify how the injuries occurred and come up with some countermeasures(对策).“ she says. By interviewing the children and their parents, Arbogast and her team were able to reconstruct(重建；重构) many of the accidents and identified a commo
46、n mechanism responsible for serious injures. They discovered that most occur when children hit an obstacle at a slow speed, causing them to topple over. To maintain their balance they turn the handlebars through 90 degrees, but their momentum (冲力) forces them into the end of the handlebars. The bike
47、 then falls over and the other end of the handlebars hits the ground, ramming it into their abdomen. The solution the group came up with is a handgrip(握柄) fitted with a spring and damping(制动的；减速的，缓冲的)system. The spring absorbs up to 50 percent of the forces transmitted through the handlebars in an i
48、mpact. The group hopes to commercialize(使商品化) the device, which should add only a few dollars to the cost of a bike. “But our task has been one of education because up until now, bicycle manufacturer were unaware of the problem.“ says Arbogast. The team has also approached the US Consumer Product Sa
49、fety Commission to try to persuade manufacturers to adopt the new design. A decision is expected later this year.（分数：15.00）(1).According to the passage, some engineers are trying to improve the handlebars because _.（分数：3.00）A.they are not noble enough.B.they may kill children.C.they are likely to crash.D.they make the bike move at a low speed.(2).In paragraph 2 , the author mentions a study of serious abdominal injuries _.（分数：3.00）A.to discuss how abdominal injuries in children occur.B.to show that more than a third injuries were caused by bicycle accidents.C.to point out what the co
