1、职称英语卫生类 B级-54 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、B第 1部分：词汇选项/B(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.Sally likes to Utease/U her brother about his girl friends. A.charm B.laugh at C.criticize D.respect（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.2.Americas emphasis on the importance of education for everyone has Uspurred/U scientific research. A.encour
2、aged B.endangered C.endorsed D.enlarged（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.3.You have to follow the guide whose Usole/U interest is to cover all spots according to his strict schedule. A.obvious B.simple C.only D.assumed（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.4.In 1861, it seemed Uinevitable/U that the Southern states would break away from
3、the Union. A.strange B.certain C.inconsistent D.proper（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.5.Techniques to Uharness/U the energy of the sun are being developed. A.convert B.store C.utilize D.receive（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.6.First editions of certain popular books cannot be obtained Ufor love or money/U. A.at any place B.at an
4、y price C.in any language D.in any country（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.7.In a bullfight, it is the movement, not the color of objects that Uarouses/U the bull. A.confuses B.excites C.scares D.diverts（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.8.Sulfur has Uoccasionally/U been found in the earth in an almost pure state. A.regularly B.acci
5、dentally C.sometimes D.successfully（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.9.Many fine cooks Uinsist on/U ingredients (成分) of the highest quality. A.demand B.rely on C.prepare for D.create（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.10.The company Urecommended/U that a new petrol station be built here. A.ordered B.insisted C.suggested D.demanded（分数：
6、1.00）A.B.C.D.11.It is hard for the young people to imagine what Usevere/U conditions their parents once lived under. A.sincere B.hard C.strict D.tight（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.12.They agreed to Usettle/U the dispute by peaceful means. A.solve B.determine C.untie D.complete（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.13.The police Ucont
7、ended/U that the difficulties they faced were too severe. A.argued B.predicted C.said D.suggested（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.14.He expressed concern that the ship might be in Udistress/U. A.despair B.difficulty C.need D.danger（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.15.The most Upressing/U problem any economic system faces is how to
8、use its scarce resources. A.puzzling B.difficult C.terrifying D.urgent（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.二、B第 2部分：阅读判断/B(总题数：1，分数：7.00)Bill Gates: Unleashing Your CreativityIve always been an optimists and I suppose that is rooted in my belief that the power of creativity and intelligence can make the world a better
9、place.For as long as I can remember, Ive loved learning new things and solving problems. So when I sat down at a computer for the first time in seventh grade, I was hooked. It was a chunky old teletype machine and it could barely do anything compared to the computers we have today. But it changed my
10、 life.When my friend Paul Allen and I started Microsoft 30 years ago, we had a vision of “a computer on every desk and in every home,“ which probably sounded a little too optimistic at a time when most computers were the size of refrigerators. But we believed that personal computers would change the
11、ir world. And they have.And after 30 years, Im still as inspired by computers as I was back in seventh grade.I believe that computers are the most incredible tool we can use to feed our curiosity and inventivenessto help us solve problems that even the smartest people couldnt solve on their own.Comp
12、uters have transformed how we learn, giving kids everywhere a window into all of the worlds knowledge. Theyre helping us build communities around the things we care about and to stay close to the people who are important to us, no matter where they are.Like my friend Warren Buffett, I feel particula
13、rly lucky to do something every day that I love to do. He calls it “tap-dancing to work“. My job at Microsoft is as challenging as ever, but what makes me “tap-dancing to work“ is when we show people something new, like a computer that can recognize your handwriting or your speech, or one that can s
14、tore a lifetimes worth of photos, and they say, “I didnt know you could do that with a PC!“But for all the cool things that a person can do with a PC, there are lots of other ways we can put our creativity and intelligence to work to improve our world. There are still far too many people in the worl
15、d whose most basic needs go unmet. Every year, for example, millions of people die from diseases that are easy to prevent or treat in the developed world.I believe that my own good fortune brings with it a responsibility to give back to the world. My wife, Melinda, and I have committed to improving
16、health and education in a way that can help as many people as possible.As a father, I believe that the death of a child in Africa is no less poignant or tragic than the death of a child anywhere else, and that it doesnt take much to make an immense difference in these childrens lives.Im still very m
17、uch an optimist, and I believe that progress on even the worlds toughest problems is possibleand its happening every day. Were seeing new drugs for deadly diseases, new diagnostic tools, and new attention paid to the health problems in the developing world.Im excited by the possibilities I see for m
18、edicine, for education and, of course, for technology. And I believe that through our natural inventiveness, creativity and willingness to solve tough problems, were going to make some amazing in all these areas in my life.（分数：7.00）(1).A computer was as big as an icebox when Bill Gates was a high sc
19、hool student. A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Bill Gates has been dreaming of the popularity of computers for his lifetime. A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Bill Gates compares his hard work on a PC to “tap-dancing to work“. A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned（分数：1
20、.00）A.B.C.D.(4).To Bill Gates mind, there is a big difference between the death of the poors children and the death of the richs children. A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(5).So far Bill Gates has contributed several dozen billion dollars to the charities. A.Right B.Wrong C.Not menti
21、oned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(6).Bill Gates and his wife consider it their duty to help the poor better their health and education as much as possible. A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(7).Bill Gates will leave only a small portion of his wealth for his children. A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mention
22、ed（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.三、B第 3部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：1，分数：8.00)Ginseng Shows Benefits in Cancer TreatmentFlaxseed slowed the growth of prostate tumors in men, while ginseng helped relieve the fatigue that cancer patients often feel, U.S. researchers reported on Saturday in two of the first scientifically rigor
23、ous looks at alternative medicine.The studies reflect doctors efforts to explore the risks and benefits of foods and supplements that are routinely taken by their patients with little scientific proof they help. Americans spend between $36 billion and $46 billion a year on complementary and alternat
24、ive therapies, according to the National Center for Health Statistics. “Patients are taking these compounds but we need to know if they are doing any good or any harm,“ said Dr. Bruce Cheson of Georgetown University Hospital in Washington, who led a panel on alternative therapies at a meeting of the
25、 American Society of Clinical Oncology.In the flaxseed study, researchers at Duke University Medical Center in North Carolina and colleagues evaluated the seeds role as a food supplement in 161 men who were scheduled to undergo surgery for prostate cancer. “The growth rate was decreased in the men w
26、ho got flaxseed,“ said Dr. Nancy Davidson, an oncologist at Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore who is president elect of ASCO. “I think this is fascinating.“ Flaxseed is rich in omega-3 fatty acids and lignins, a fiber found on the seed coat. “We were looking at flaxseed because of its unique nut
27、rient profile,“ said Wendy Demark-Wahnefried, a researcher in Dukes School of Nursing, who led the study.Half of the men in the study added 30 grams of flaxseed daily to their diets for about 30 days. Half of the flaxseed group also went on a low-fat diet. After the surgery, the cancer ceils in both
28、 the flaxseed groups grew about 30 to 40 percent slower than the control group.But Wendy Demark-Wahnefried is not ready to prescribe flaxseed. “Its a healthy food. It has a lot of vitamins and a lot of fiber. But we can not definitely say at this point you should take flaxseed because it is protecti
29、ve against prostate cancer,“ she said, adding that flaxseed now needed to be studied to see if it can prevent prostate cancer.In the ginseng trial, Debra Barton of the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota, and colleagues tested three different doses of the herb on patients with a variety of cancers w
30、ho were expected to live at least six months. Twenty-five percent of patients taking a 1,000mg dose and twenty-seven percent of patients taking a 2,000mg dose said their fatigue symptoms were “moderately better“ or “much better“. Only 10 percent of those taking a 750mg dose reported an improvement,
31、which was about the same as the placebo group. Patients in the trial took Wisconsin ginseng from a single crop that was tested for uniform potency. It was powered and given in a capsule form. “I wouldnt have predicted this, I have to admit,“ Davidson said in an interview. “We might want to test this
32、 in a large scale.“The flaxseed study was funded by the National Institutes of Health and the ginseng study was supported by U.S. Public Health Service grants.AThe Motivation of Flaxseed StudyBThe Study on Ginseng Displays Its Good PromiseCThe Doctors Responsibilities Led them to Carry Out These Two
33、 StudiesDGinseng Is as Good to Cancer Patients as FlaxseedEThe Methods and Results of the Study on FlaxseedFA Different Opinion on the Use of Flaxseed（分数：8.00）(1).Paragraph 2 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Paragraph 4 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Paragraph 5 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Paragraph 6 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(5).Athat
34、 led the researchers in Dukes School of Nursing to study it Bby giving different doses of the herb to patients with different cancers Cwhether the foods and supplements patients took every day were good or not Dthough both flaxseed and ginseng are all healthy alternative medicines Ethat either of th
35、em is beneficial to cancer patients Fbecause we still have to see if flaxseed can prevent prostate cancer Doctors in the U.S. wanted to know _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(6).Both studies on flaxseed and ginseng show _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(7).It is the unique nutrient profile of flaxseed _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(8).In th
36、e ginseng trial the researchers tested the potency of ginseng _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_四、B第 4部分：阅读理解/B(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、B第一篇/B(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Single-parent Kids Do BestSingle mums are better at raising their kids than two parentsat least in the bird world. Mother zebra finches have to work harder and raise
37、fewer chicks on their own, but they also produce more attractive sons who are more likely to get a mate.The finding shows that family conflict is as important an evolutionary driving force as ecological factors such as hunting and food supply. With two parents around, theres always a conflict of int
38、erests, which can have a detrimental effect on the quality of the offspring.In evolutionary terms, the best strategy for any parent in the animal world is to find someone else to care for their offspring, so they can concentrate on breeding again. So its normal for parents to try to pass the buck to
39、 each other. But Ian Hartley from the University of Lancaster and his team wondered how families solve this conflict, and how the conflict itself affects the offspring.To find out, they measured how much effort zebra finch parents put into raising their babies. They compared single females with pair
40、s, by monitoring the amount of food each parent collected, and removing or adding chicks so that each pair of birds was raising four chicks, and each single mum had twosupposedly the same amount of work.But single mums, they found, put in about 25% more effort, than females rearing with their mate.
41、To avoid being exploited, mothers with a partner hold back from working too hard if the father is being lazy, and its the chicks that pay the price. “The offspring suffer some of the cost of this conflict,“ says Hartley.The cost does not show in any obvious decrease in size or weight, but in how att
42、ractive they are to the opposite sex. When the chicks were mature, the researchers tested the “fitness“ of the male offspring by offering females their choice of partner. Those males reared by single mums were chosen more often than those from two-parent families.Sexual conflict has long been though
43、t to affect the quality of care given to offspring, says zoologist Rebecca Kilner at Cambridge University, who works on conflict of parents in birds. “But the experimental evidence is not great. The breakthrough here is showing it empirically.“ More surprising, says Kilner, is Hartleys statement tha
44、t conflict may be a strong influence on the evolution of behavior, clutch size and even appearance. “People have not really made that link,“ says Hartley. A females reproductive strategy is usually thought to be affected by hunting and food supply. Kilner says conflict of parents should now be taken
45、 into account as well.（分数：15.00）(1).With which of the following statements would the author probably agree? A.Single mums produce stronger sons. B.Single mums do not produce daughters. C.Two-parent families produce less attractive children. D.Two-parent families produce more beautiful ofspring.（分数：3
46、.00）A.B.C.D.(2).According to the passage, in what way does family conflict affect the quality of the offspring? A.The young males get less care. B.The young females will decrease in weight. C.The offspring will become lazy fathers or mothers in the future. D.The offspring will not get mature easily.
47、（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(3).What is the relationship between Paragraph 4 and Paragraph 5? A.Cause and effect. B.Experiment and result. C.Problem and solution. D.Topic and comment.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(4).According to Hartley, which of the following is NOT influenced by sexual conflict? A.The evolution of the o
48、ffsprings behavior. B.The look of the offsprings faces. C.The number of eggs produced by one offspring at a time. D.The offsprings body size.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(5).According to the passage, people believe that a females reproductive strategy is influenced by _. A.an evolutionary driving force B.a conflict of int
