1、职称英语卫生类 B 级-44 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、第 1 部分：词汇选项(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.Many cities have restricted smoking in public places. A. limited B. allowed C. stopped D. kept（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.2.Foreign money can be converted into the local currency at this bank.A. altered B. changedC. bought D. sold（分数：1.0
2、0）A.B.C.D.3.The little gift grasped her mothers arm as she crossed the street.A. understood B. had a hold over C. took hold of D. left hold of（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.4.This poem depicts the beautiful scenery of a town in the South.A. praises B. writes C. imitates D. describes（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.5.She eventual
3、ly married the most persistent one of her admirers.A. in a way B. in due course C. in the end D. in any case（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.6.She has been the subject of massive media coverage.A. extensive B. negative Cexpensive D. active（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.7.The planned general strike represents a vital economic cha
4、llenge to the government.A. an important B. a specific C. a quick D. a trivial（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.8.The carelessness has some bad effects on his show.A. scores B. results C. influences D. luck（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.9.We propose to furnish our own house according to our own taste.A. display B. fixC. paint D.
5、decorate（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.10.The land crab a forest-floor scavenger native to tropical America, migrates to the water to breed.A. die B. swim C. mate D. hatch（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.11.The criminal gave us a long chase before we caught him.A. trial B. pursingC. pursuit D. running（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.12.In the b
6、ook Autobiography of Values, the aviation hero Charles Lindbergh reveals his paradoxical and often sobering thoughts on life.A. contradictory B. poignant C. mystic D. paramount（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.13.Norman Blarney is an artist of deep convictions.A. statements B. beliefsC. suggestions D. claims（分数：1.00
7、）A.B.C.D.14.Unlike the common cold, flu tends to start abruptly.A. mysteriously B. seasonally C. repeatedly D. suddenly（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.15.Tickets are limited and will be allocated to those who apply first.A. posted C. givenB. sent D. handed（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.二、第 2 部分：阅读判断(总题数：1，分数：7.00)Common -cold S
8、enseYou cant beat it, but you dont have to join it. Maybe it got the name “common cold“ because it s more common in winter. The fact is, though, being cold doesn t have anything to do with getting one. Colds are caused by the spread of rhinoviruses, and, at least SO far, medical science is better at
9、 telling you how to avoid getting one than how to get rid of one.Children are the most common way cold viruses are spread to adults, because they have more colds than adults - an average of about eight per year. Why do kids seem so much more easily to get colds than their parents? Simple. They haven
10、 t had the opportunity to become immune to many cold viruses.There are more than 150 different cold viruses, and you never have the same one twice. Being infected by one makes you immune to it- but only it.Colds are usually spread by direct contact, not sneezing or coughing. From another person s ha
11、nd to your hand and then to your nose or eyes is the most common route. The highest concentration of cold viruses anywhere is found under the thumbnails of a boy, although the viruses can survive for hours on skin or other smooth surfaces.Hygiene is your best defense. Wash your hands frequently, pre
12、ferably with a disinfectant soap, especially when children in your household have colds.But even careful hygiene won t ward off every cold. So, what works when a coughing, sneezing, runny nose strikes?The old prescription of two aspirins, lots of water, and bed rest is a good place to start. But you
13、ll also find some of the folk remedies worth trying. Hot mixtures of sugar( or honey), lemon, and water have real benefits.（分数：7.00）(1).The name“ common cold“ means it is common in the whole year.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.(2).It is better and easier to avoid catching a cold th
14、an to beat it.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.(3).All the children are good at holding cold viruses and spreading to adults.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.(4).A person cannot catch the same cold twice.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.(5).Shaking han
15、ds may spread cold, but not sneezing or coughing.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.(6).As long as you wash your hand, it is possible to avoid getting a cold.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.(7).The old prescription of aspirins, water and bed rest is better than some fo
16、lk remedies.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.三、第 3 部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：1，分数：8.00)Caring for the OldThe old do not have to look exclusively to the past. Relieved of some of lifes responsibilities and fortified by many years of experience and knowledge, they may have a much better idea of
17、 how to spend their time enjoyably than they did in their youth. And not all enjoyment is restricted to the mental or philosophical. Healthy physical activity remains quite possible for most of us well into our later years.Old people sometimes display surprising freedom and forthrightness in the exp
18、ression of their thoughts and feelings, and an ability to transmit affection. It is as though some of the rituals which constrict us in earlier life fall away.But a higher percentage of people suffer from emotional distress in old age than at any other time in adult life, and the gap between need an
19、d care is often filled by dubious measures, such as heavy-handed prescription of medicine. For many years it was assumed that old people were not appropriate candidates for psychotherapy. But a few clinicians have risen to the challenge and discovered that individual and group psychotherapy is just
20、as effective with the old as with the young.It is easy to understand why an earthquake causes terror. Yet in old age there may be terror of a very private nature, a sense of disintegration sometimes stemming from inner conflicts, sometimes from a premonition of death or the fear of becoming dependen
21、t.Dependency is a grim choice: insecurity and deprivation must be weighed against loss of autonomy and integrity. But if there is nothing shameful about the dependency of a baby or a young child, there should be nothing shameful about the dependencies natural with old age and diminishing physical re
22、sources.The complexity and impersonality of the bureaucratic establishments, which have the means to provide help, are often threatening to old people. The younger generation today, on the other hand, will have had many decades to interact with “the system“ by the time they reach old age.Many of us,
23、 including healthcare providers, assume that we know what old people and dying people want, but our assumptions are often a reflections of our won thoughts and feelings based on personal interpretations of scanty bits of observation. Such assumptions are really an excuse to avoid close contact with
24、the terminally ill. Assuming we “know“ what they want, we observe ourselves from being with them, and sharing their thoughts about the end of life.We sometimes assume, wrongly, that old people are too confused or senile to be aware of the nearness of death. In consequence, communication between a dy
25、ing and others is subject to extraordinary omissions and distortions. “Protecting“ the dying from knowledge of their condition often serves to protect us from the uncomfortable prospect of talking about dying and death. Evasions like this only lead to increasing isolation at a time when emotional ho
26、nesty and understanding are most needed.（分数：8.00）(1).paragraph 1 _.A. Knowing better how to enjoy lifeB. Freedom in expressionC. Psychotherapy effective with some of the oldD. Period of greater emotional distressE. Dependency: a grim choiceF. Guiltiness: dependency（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).paragraph 2 _.（
27、分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).paragraph 3 _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).paragraph 5 _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(5).Old people may well be active in _.A. how to show love to othersB. how to show anger to othersC. yet we know we are wrongD. various kinds of sportsE. but we are often wrongF. that old people depend on others（分数：1.
28、00）填空项 1:_(6).Old people sometimes know better _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(7).It is a natural thing _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(8).We often think that we know the feeling of a dying person, _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_四、第 4 部分：阅读理解(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、第一篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Immigration and ProblemsHundreds of thousands of people suppo
29、rting immigration fights in the U.S. filled streets all over America in early 2006. Many held signs and American flags and asked to be treated as citizens not criminals. Many of these supported legislation from Senator John McCain that would open a path to citizenship to immigrants who were already
30、in the country illegally. Proposed legislation from other politicians called for stricter measures, including rounding up undocumented immigrants and sending them back to their home countries.Canadian officials say that immigration applications continue to rise. Some want to keep the doors open. The
31、y need the labor. About 400,000 immigrants were allowed into the country in 2005, according to the Canadian Government statistics. However, all this growth means that cities need to adapt. Newcomers dont always make a smooth transition into jobs for which they are skilled. So industries are using me
32、ntoring programs to help new immigrants find proper jobs.With the large numbers of undocumented African immigrants arriving in the Canary Islands and showing no sign of abating, the Spanish Government has decided to get tough. There will be no more mass amnesties for illegals, and anyone coming to S
33、pain without permission will be sent back, the government has announced. About 23,000 migrants landed on the islands in 2006, and riots have erupted in some crowded reception centers. This has promoted local authorities to appeal to the United Nations for help.Frances new immigration and integration
34、 law gives the government new powers to encourage high-skilled migration. It takes effect in 2007. The new law authorizes the government to identify particular professions where France has a talent shortage. Then the government will help these identified employers find immigrant workers with needed
35、skills or qualifications. The selected foreign employees will be granted “skills and talents“ visas, valid for three years. But some concern that itll cause brain drain in developing countries.（分数：15.00）(1).Many immigrants swarmed into streets in the U.S. in early 2006, demanding that they should be
36、 treated as _.A. animals B. citizens C. civilians D. criminals（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Some Canadian officials want to keep the door open because _.A. Canada is in desperate need of talented peopleB. Canada can feed a much larger populationC. Canada is suffering from labor shortageD. Canada is a multicu
37、ltural country（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(3).What has the Spanish Government decided to do?A. Help immigrants find proper jobs.B. Let immigrants freely enter the country.C. Integrate immigrants into the Spanish culture.D. Take tough measures against illegal immigration.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(4).After Frances new i
38、mmigration and integration law takes effect, it will _.A. lure overseas students back homeB. undermine the unity of the countryC. drain developing countries of talentD. induce resentment among the French workers（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(5).The phrasal verb “rounding up“ in paragraph 1 could be best replaced
39、 by _.A. capturing B. encircling C. separating D. frightening（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.六、第二篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Effects of Exercise on Elderly Diabetics (糖尿病人)Most older people with so-called type 2 diabetes (糖尿病) could stop taking insulin (胰岛素) if they would do brisk (轻快的) exercise for 30 minutes just three tim
40、es a week, according to new medical research results reported in a Copenhagen newspaper. Results from tests conducted on diabetics at the Copenhagen central hospital Rigshospitalets Center for Muscle Research showed that physical exercise can boost the bodys ability to make use of insulin by 30 per
41、cent. This is equal to the effect most elderly diabetics get from their insulin medication (药物治疗) today.Researchers had a group of non-diabetic men and a group of men with type 2 diabetes, all more than 60 years of age, exercise on bicycles six times a week for three months. After the three months t
42、he doctors measured how much sugar the test subjects muscles could make use of as a measure for how well their insulin worked.Associate Professor Dr Flemming Dela of the Muscle Research Center said the tests demonstrated that the exercising diabetics had made as good use of insulin as the healthy no
43、n-diabetic persons. “This means that the insulin works just as well for both groups. Physical exercise cannot cure people of diabetes, but it can eliminate almost all their symptoms. At the same time, it can put off the point at which they have to begin taking insulin,“ Dela said.Insulin is a hormon
44、e produced by the pancreas (胰腺), controlling sugar in the body and is used against diabetes.Dela said that to achieve the desired effect diabetics need only exercise to the point where they begin to sweat, but that the activity has to be maintained since it wears off after five days without sufficie
45、nt exercise.Most diabetics realize that they have to watch their diet while remaining unaware of the importance of exercise, Dela added.（分数：15.00）(1).What is the effect of exercise on elderly people with type 2 diabetes?AIt can help the body make better use of insulin.BIt can worsen their symptoms.C
46、It can help them to eat more.DIt can cure them of the disease.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The exercise that the researchers tried on their test subjects wasAwalking briskly for thirty minutes three times a week.Bcycling six times a week for three months.Cswimming twice a day.Drunning once a day.（分数：3.00）A.
47、B.C.D.(3).The researchers checked how well the test subjects insulin worked by measuringAthe blood sugar level in their bodies,Bthe length of time they could cycle at one breath.Cthe amount of insulin they took.Dthe amount of sugar their muscles could make use of.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(4).It is recommend
48、ed that diabetics maintain sufficient exercise since otherwiseAtheir symptoms will get worse.Bthe blood sugar level will go up.Cthe desired effect cannot be achieved.Dtheir condition will be out of control.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(5).It can be seen from“ the passage that most diabetics are ignorant ofAthe
49、necessity of watching their diet.Bthe significance of regular exercise.Cthe need to control their weight.Dthe consequences of taking too much insulin.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.七、第三篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Computer Needs EmotionThe next big breakthrough in artificial intelligence could come from giving machines not just more logical capacity, but emotional capacity as well. Feelin
