1、职称英语卫生类 B 级-2 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、B第 1 部分：词汇选项/B(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.The river widens considerably as it begins to turn west.（分数：1.00）A.twistsB.stretchesC.broadensD.bends2.And the cars are tested for defects before leaving the factory.（分数：1.00）A.functionsB.motionsC.faultsD.parts3.For young ch
2、ildren, getting dressed is a complicated business.（分数：1.00）A.strangeB.complexC.personalD.funny4.In Britain and many other countries appraisal is now a tool of management.（分数：1.00）A.evaluationB.efficiencyC.productionD.publicity5.Many scientists have been probing psychological problems.（分数：1.00）A.solv
3、ingB.exploringC.settlingD.handling6.Henry cannot resist the lure of drugs.（分数：1.00）A.abuseB.flavorC.temptationD.consumption7.John is collaborating with Mary in writing an article.（分数：1.00）A.cooperatingB.competingC.combiningD.arguing8.These are their motives for doing it.（分数：1.00）A.reasonsB.excusesC.
4、answersD.plans9.Thousands of people perished in the storm.（分数：1.00）A.diedB.sufferedC.floatedD.scattered10.The food is insufficient for three people.（分数：1.00）A.instantB.infiniteC.inexpensiveD.inadequate11.These programmes are of immense value to old people.（分数：1.00）A.naturalB.fatalC.tinyD.enormous12.
5、A great deal has been done to remedy the situation.（分数：1.00）A.maintainB.improveC.assessD.protect13.He is determined to consolidate his power.（分数：1.00）A.strengthenB.controlC.abandonD.exercise14.Hearing problems may be alleviated by changes in diet and exercise habits.（分数：1.00）A.removedB.curedC.worsen
6、edD.relieved15.But in the end he approved of our proposal.（分数：1.00）A.undoubtedlyB.certainlyC.ultimatelyD.necessarily二、B第 2 部分：阅读判断/B(总题数：1，分数：7.00)下面的短文后列出了 7 个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择 A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择 B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择 C。BAn Observation and an Explanation/BIt is worth looking at on
7、e or two aspects of the way a mother behaves towards her baby. The usual fondling, cuddling and cleaning require little comment, but the position in which she holds the baby against her body when resting is rather revealing. Careful studies have shown the fact that 80 percent of mothers hold their i
8、nfants in their left arms, holding them against the left side of their bodies. If asked to explain the significance of this preference most people reply that it is obviously the result of the predominance of right-handedness in the population. By holding the babies in their left arms, the mothers ke
9、ep their dominant arm free for manipulations. But a detailed analysis shows that this is not the case. True, there is a slight difference between right-handed and left-handed females; but not enough to provide adequate explanation. It emerges that 83 percent of right-handed mothers hold the baby on
10、the left side, but so do 78 percent of left-handed mothers. In other words, only 22 percent of the left-handed mothers have their dominant hands free for actions. Clearly there must be some other, less obvious explanation.The only other clue comes from the fact that the heart is on the side of the m
11、others body. Could it be that the sound of her heartbeat is the vital factor? And in what way? Thinking along these lines it was argued that perhaps during its existence inside the body of the mother the unborn baby get used to the sound of the heart beat. If this is so, then the re-discovery of thi
12、s familiar sound after birth might have a claiming effect on the infant, especially as it has just been born into a strange and frighteningly new world. If this is so then the mother would, somehow, soon arrive at the discovery that her baby is more at peace if held on the left against her heart tha
13、n on the right.（分数：7.00）(1).We can learn a lot by observing the position in which a mother holds her baby against her body.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(2).Most left-handed women feel comfortable by holding their babies in their left arm and keep the right arm free.（分数：1.00）A.A.
14、Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(3).The number of right-handed mothers who hold the baby on the left side exceeds that of left- handed ones by 22 %.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(4).The fact that most left-handed mothers hold the baby on their left side renders the first explan
15、ation unsustainable.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(5).The fact that the heart is on the left side of the mothers body provides the most convincing explanation of all.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(6).A baby held in the right arm of its mother can be easily frigh
16、tened.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(7).The writers explanation of the phenomenon is supported by the fact that babies tend to be more peaceful if held in their mothers left arms than in the right arms.（分数：1.00）A.A Right B.B Wrong C.C Not mentioned三、B第 3 部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：1，分数：8.00
17、)下面的短文后有 2 项测试任务：第 2326 题要求从所给的 6 个选项中为第 25 段每段选择 1 个最佳标题；(2)第 2730 题要求从所给的 6 个选项中为每个句子确定 1 个最佳选项。BMuseums in the Modern World/B1. Museums have changed. They are no longer places for the privileged few or for bored vacationers to visit on rainy days. Action and democracy are words used in descriptio
18、ns of museums now.2. At a science museum in Ontario, Canada, you can feel your hair stand on end as harmless electricity passes through your body. At the Metropolitan Museum, of Art in New York City, you can look at 17th century instruments while listening to their music. At the Modem Museum in Swed
19、en, you can put on costumes provided by the Stockholm Opera. As these examples show, museums are reaching out to new audiences, particularly the young, the poor, and the less educated members of the population. As a result, attendance is increasing. 3. More and more, museums directors are realizing
20、that people learn best when they can somehow become part of what they are seeing. In many science museums, for example, there are no guided tours. The visitor is encouraged to touch, listen, operate, and experiment so as to discover scientific principles for himself. He can have the experience of op
21、erating a spaceship ox a computer. He can experiment with glass blowing and paper making. The purpose is not only to provide fun but also to help people feel at home in the world of science. The theory is that people who do not understand science will probably fear it, and those who fear science wil
22、l not use it to best advantage. Many museums now provide educational services and childrens departments. In addition to the usual displays, they also offer film showings and dance programs. Instead of being places that one “should” visit, they are places to enjoy.4. One cause of all these changes is
23、 the increase in wealth and leisure time. Another cause is the rising percentage of young people in the population. Many of these young people are college students or college graduates. They are better educated than their. parents. They see things in a new and different way. They are not content to
24、stand and look at works of art; they want art they can participate in. The same is true of science and history. In the US, certain groups who formerly were too poor to care about anything beyond the basic needs of daily life are now. becoming curious about the world around them. The young people in
25、these groups, like young people in general, have benefited from a better education than their parents received. All these groups, and the rest of the population as well, have been influenced by television, which has taught them about other places and other times.5. The effect of all this has been to
26、 change existing museums and to encourage the building of new ones. In the US and Canada alone, there are now more than 6,000 museums, almost twice as many as there were 25 years ago. About half of them axe devoted to history, and the rest are evenly divided between the arts and sciences. The number
27、 of visitors, according to the American Association of museums, has risen to more than 700 million a year.6. In fact, the crowds of visitors at some museums are creating a major problem. Admission to museums has always been either free or very inexpensive, but now some museums are charging entrance
28、fees for the first time or raising their prices. Even when raised, however, entrance fees are generally too low to support a museum, with its usually large building and its highly trained staff.（分数：8.00）(1).Paragraph 2_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Paragraph 3_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Paragraph 4_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(
29、4).Paragraph 5_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(5).Now museums are no longer restricted to the privileged few, but_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(6).With the development of society, people, especially the young people,_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(7).To meet the needs of society, more museums_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(8).Two major problems for museu
30、ms are that they have too many visitors and they_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_四、B第 4 部分：阅读理解/B(总题数：3，分数：45.00)下面有 3 篇短文，每篇短文后有 5 道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定 1 个最佳选项。B第一篇/BBAdaptation of Living Things/BCertain animals and plants develop characteristics that help them cope with their environment better than others of their k
31、ind. This natural biological process is called adaptation. Among the superior characteristics developed through adaptation are those that may help in getting food or shelter, in providing protection, and in producing and protecting the young. That results in the evolution of more and more organisms
32、that are better fitted to their environments.Each living thing is adapted to its way of life in a general way, but each is adapted especially to its own distinct class. A plant, for example, depends upon its roots to fix itself firmly and to absorb water and inorganic chemicals. It depends upon its
33、green leaves for using the suns energy to make food from inorganic chemicals. These are general adaptations, common to most plants. In addition, there are special adaptations that only certain kinds of plants have.Many animals have adaptations that help them escape from their enemies. Some insects a
34、re hidden by their body color or shape, and many look like a leaf or a little branch. The coats of deer are colored to mix with the surroundings. Many animals have the ability to remain completely still when an enemy is near.Organisms have a great variety of ways of adapting. They may adapt in their
35、 structure, function, and genetics; in their development and production of the young; and in other respects. An organism may create its own environment, as do warm-blooded mammals, which have the ability to adjust body heat exactly to maintain their ideal temperature despite changing weather. Usuall
36、y adaptations are an advantage, but sometimes an organism is so well adapted to a particular environment that, if conditions change, it finds it difficult or impossible to readapt to the new conditions.（分数：15.00）(1).Some plants and animals develop superior characteristics so that they may（分数：3.00）A.
37、help others of their kind get food, shelter and other things needed.B.survive even in extremely severe condition.C.become better adapted to the environments than others of their kind.D.result in the evolution and production of more intelligent organisms.(2).In the first paragraph, the word “environm
38、ents“ could best be replaced by（分数：3.00）A.“contexts“.B.“surroundings“.C.“neighbors“.D.“enemies“.(3).It can be inferred from this passage that the feathers of a bird care colored?（分数：3.00）A.to frightened its enemies.B.to attract its enemies.C.to adjust its body heat.D.to match its environment.(4).Whi
39、ch of the following is not directly mentioned?（分数：3.00）A.A living thing may adapt in its structure.B.An organism may adapt in its function.C.A living creature may adapt in its genetic makeup.D.A living organism may adapt in its sleeping habit.(5).The author cites the behavior of warm-blooded mammals
40、 in order to illustrate which of the following?（分数：3.00）A.A living thing may have the ability to create an environment of its own.B.A living creature may have the ability to remain still when an enemy is near.C.A living creature may have the ability to make food from its inorganic chemicals.D.A livi
41、ng creature may have the ability to change the color of its skin.B第二篇/BBPotatoes Gives Your Immune System a Boost/BEating potatoes is not only good for bowel health, but also for the whole immune System, especially when they come in the form 0f a potato salad or eaten Cold. In a study on an animal m
42、odel, researchers in Spain found that pigs fed large quantities of raw potato starch (RPS) not only had a healthier bowel, but also decreased levels of white blood cells, such as leucocytes and lymphocytes in their blood. White blood cells are produced as a result of inflammation or disease, general
43、ly when the body is challenged.The general down-regulation of leucocytes observed by the Spanish researchers suggests an overall beneficial effect, a generally more healthy body. The reduction in leucocyte levels was about 15 percent. Lower lymphocyte levels are also indicative of reduced levels of
44、inflammation, but the observed reduction in both lymphocyte density and lymphocyte apoptosis is surprising.In what was the longest study of its kind, pigs were fed RPS over 14 weeks to find out the effect of starch on bowel health. “The use of :raw potato starch in this experiment is designed to sim
45、ulate the effects of a diet high in resistant starch,“ said study leader Jose Francisco Perez at the Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona , Spain.Humans do not eat raw potatoes, but they do eat a lot of foods that contain resistant starch, such as cold boiled potatoes, legumes, grains, green bananas, p
46、asta and cereals. About 10 percent of the starch eaten by human is resistant starch - starch that is not digested in the small intestine and so is shunted in- to the large intestine where it ferments. Starch consumption is thought to reduce the risk of large bowel cancer and may also have an effect
47、on irritable bowel syndrome (IBS).Immunology expert Lena Ohmans team previously found that the overall lymphocyte levels do not vary for IBS patients, but that lymphocytes are transferred from the peripheral blood to the gut, which support the hypothesis of IBS being at least partially an inflammato
48、ry disorder. She says the decrease in lymphocytes observed by the Spanish is therefore interesting, and a diet of resistant starch may be worth trying in IBS patients. Ohman is currently at the Department of Internal Medicine, Goteborg University, Sweden. The study is published in the journal Chemis
49、try and Industry, the magazine of the SCI.（分数：15.00）(1).What form of potato is the most nutrient to the human body?（分数：3.00）A.Potato soup.B.Potato cake.C.Potato salad.D.Hot boiled potato.(2).What does the reduction in leucocyte levels in the body mean?（分数：3.00）A.It may mean the reduced levels of inflammation.B.It may mean somewher
