1、职称英语理工类 A、B、C 级综合试卷-5 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、B第 1 部分：词汇选项/B(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.You dont need to carry large amounts of cash; actually all financial business will be conducted by computers.（分数：1.00）A.transmissionsB.transitionsC.transactionsD.transportation2.His qualifications surpass the job req
2、uirements.（分数：1.00）A.satisfyB.alterC.exceedD.uphold3.Two events have highlighted the tensions in recent years.（分数：1.00）A.extendedB.emphasizedC.distortedD.illustrated4.He left the building before smoke was spotted coming up the stairs.（分数：1.00）A.droppedB.searchedC.seenD.led5.About twenty years ago, a
3、ll important resources in our country were allocated by the central government.（分数：1.00）A.nationalizedB.distributedC.speculatedD.appointed6.They tried their best to resolve the residual problems.（分数：1.00）A.domesticB.remainingC.geographicalD.$1aborate7.The people who speak Esperanto(世界语) hope that th
4、e language someday will become the international language for trade, science, and diplomacy.（分数：1.00）A.commonB.uniqueC.officialD.well known8.As an assistant in a shop, she tries to be courteous at all times, even when she is very tired.（分数：1.00）A.straightforwardB.politeC.flexibleD.neat9.Poor childre
5、n should not be deprived of the opportunity to participate in sports whenever possible.（分数：1.00）A.deniedB.retreatedC.oppressedD.refused10.Unlike the common cold, flu tends to start abruptly.（分数：1.00）A.mysteriouslyB.seasonallyC.repeatedlyD.suddenly11.They have been tightening their belts for months,
6、adapting themselves to a war economy.（分数：1.00）A.modifyingB.adoptingC.arrangingD.adjusting12.After her death, her papers- including unpublished articles and correspondence were deposited at the library.（分数：1.00）A.identificationsB.cardsC.filesD.documents13.Both princes gave up earthly wealth and power
7、 for the spiritual life.（分数：1.00）A.announcedB.renouncedC.denouncedD.pronounced14.The research team needs to confer with the director before it begins its final report.（分数：1.00）A.argueB.debateC.computeD.consult15.All dogs are capable of doing harm to human beings.（分数：1.00）A.damageB.injuryC.dangerD.wo
8、und二、B第 2 部分：阅读判断/B(总题数：1，分数：7.00)阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出?个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。B Vocational Education/BVocational education refers to education for a particular occupation. Industrialized countries have seen a fall in demand for unskilled workers, and an increase in jobs in the professional, technical, comm
9、ercial, and administrative sector. Vocational education is traditionally associated with trades and crafts: young people were apprentice to employers for a number of years and learned on the job. Today the focus has shifted from the workplace to secondary and higher education institutions, and from
10、employers to government provision and finance. Trainees in most occupations combine workplace training with study at a technical or academic institution. In the former Soviet Union, school and work were always strongly linked from primary school. Germany provides nine out of ten young people not ent
11、ering higher education with vocational training, and training is planned from national down to locate level through joint committees of government representatives, employers, and trade unions. In some countries, skills are being grouped and “job families“ created so that individuals can move between
12、 jobs with similar technical requirements. In others “competency-based education“ is advocated to equip individuals with “transferable“ as well as specific skills. In developing countries, where it is traditional for children to work from an early age, only a tiny proportion of students follow a for
13、mal vocational program, while the long specialist training of professionals such as doctors, lawyers, and engineers is a costly burden. Training places for technicians, nurses, teachers, and the essential workers are often limited. Worldwide, there is a slow but steady increase in the numbers of wom
14、en training for occupations of influence in science, technology, law, and business. It is also becoming clear that one course of vocational education is not enough for a life time. Retraining, through continuing education is essential.（分数：7.00）(1).Vocational education refers to education for a usual
15、 vocation.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(2).So far as vocational training is concerned, industrialized countries need more workers for jobs in the professional sector.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(3).It is stated in the passage that the two major changes in voc
16、ational education are in the place and the source of finance it is provided.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(4).In the former Soviet Union, school and work were always weakly linked from primary school.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(5).In Germany, vocational educa
17、tion is the one that everybody can take voluntarily.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(6).In some countries, in order to help people to become capable of taking different jobs, different skills within a broad category are taught.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(7).It
18、can be concluded from the passage that more vocational education has to be provided in the future.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned三、B第 3 部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：1，分数：8.00)阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有 2 项测试任务：(1)第 2326 题要求从所给的 6 个选项中为第 25 段每段选择 1 个正确的小标题；(2)第 2730 题要求从所给的 6 个选项中选择 4 个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。B Metal
19、lurgy/B1Metallurgy (治金学) is the art and science of making metals and alloys (合金) in forms and with properties suitable for practical use. The art of metallurgy includes the deriving of metals from their ores, or the condition in which they are found in nature; their purification (提纯) or their admixt
20、ure with other metals, and finally their manufacture into shapes and forms usable in industry. The science of metallurgy includes the study of these processes with a view to (以便) their control and improvement, and the development of new metal mixtures or alloys and of new test methods.2Because of th
21、is wide scope the field of metallurgy may be divided into two parts. The first part deals with the melting (熔化) and refining (精炼) of metals, and has been designated as process of Chemical Metallurgy. The second deals with the physical and chemical behavior of the metals during shaping and treating o
22、perations, and their behavior in the service of man. This phase is termed Physical Metallurgy.3The scope of Physical Metallurgy is wide and is of interest to more people than the field of Process Metallurgy. For example, only a few individuals will be engaged in the operation of a melting and refini
23、ng furnace, whereas a hundred men will be employed in the rolling (轧制) or forging (锻造) of the metals produced, and thousands of individuals will work at manufacturing the rolled or forged metal into automobiles, bridges, ships, airplanes, buildings, wire goods, tools, and a multitude of useful artic
24、les.4Everyone comes in contact with metals through his many everyday uses; therefore the term metal is well known. Not everyone realizes, however, why metals have come to play so large a part in mans activities. Wood and stone are both older in use, yet to a considerable extent they have been substi
25、tuted by the metals. The reason for the increased use of metals is to be found in their characteristic properties.5Most important of these properties is their strength (强度), or ability to support weight without bending or breaking, combined with toughness (韧性), or the ability to bend rather than bre
26、ak under a sudden blow. Resistance to atmospheric destruction, plasticity (弹性) ,and the ability to be formed into desired shapes add to the remarkeable combination of properties possessed by no other class of materials. Some metals also have special additional properties, two of which are the power
27、to conduct electric current and the ability to be magnetized.（分数：8.00）(1).Paragraph 2 _ A Division of Metallurgy B Properties of Metal C Range of Metallurgy D Future of Metallurgy E Application of Metallurgy F Definition of Metallurgy（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Paragraph 3 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Paragraph 4 _
28、（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Paragraph 5 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(5).The art of metallurgy consists of _. A strength, toughness, plasticity, conductivity and so on B shaping and treating operations C depriving, purification, admixture and manufacture D the ability to bend rather than break under a sudden blow E che
29、mical metallurgy and physical metallurgy F melting and refining furnace（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(6).The field of metallurgy can classified as two parts, _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(7).A small number of people will be engaged in _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(8).The main properties are characteristic of their _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_四、
30、B第 4 部分：阅读理解/B(总题数：3，分数：45.00)下面有 3 篇短文，每篇短文后有 5 道题，每题后面有 4 个选项。请仔细阅读短文并根据短文回答其后面的问题，从 4 个选项中选择 1 个最佳答案。B第一篇/BB A Society without a Formal Authority/BIn the seventeenth century, European soldiers who came across some Indian groups in the western Great Lakes found that several native tribes were livi
31、ng in the area without a formal leadership system. They appeared to be “quite friendly with each other without a formal authority !Not only did the Indians appear to lack a formal system of authority, but they also deeply hated any efforts to control their actions. All members of the tribes knew wha
32、t was required of them by lifelong familiarity with the tasks of the area. These tasks tended to be simple, since the Indians rate of social change was slow. Thus, although subgroups such as soldiers had recognized leaders, no real authority was required. Rather than giving direct orders (which were
33、 considered rough), members of the tribes would arouse others to action by examples.It would be difficult, if not impossible, to carry out such a system in our own society. Most of us have grown up under one authority or another for as long as we can remember. Our parents, our teachers, our bosses,
34、our government all have the recognized right under certain conditions to tell us what to do. The authority is so much a part of our culture that it is hard for us to imagine a workable society without it. We have been used to relying on authority to get things done and would probably be uncomfortabl
35、e with the Indian methods of examples on a large scale.Of course, the major reason why the Indian system would not be suitable for us is that our society is too large. The number of tasks that various members of our society have to perform often under tight time and resource limitations could not be
36、 treated by the Indian system. In modern societies, the formal authority system is necessary to achieve any social objectives.（分数：15.00）(1).Which of the following statements is correct according to the passage?（分数：3.00）A.From 1710 to 1780, European soldiers came across some Indian groups in the west
37、ern Great Lakes.B.European soldiers were quite friendly to the Indian groups.C.The Indian groups had no leaders.D.The Indian groups only obeyed their own gods.(2).Members of the tribes got others to do something by _.（分数：3.00）A.telling them what to doB.showing them how to do itC.making them obey the
38、 orderD.persuading them to do it(3).According to the author, it is hard to imagine a workable society without _.（分数：3.00）A.a recognized authorityB.enough moneyC.examplesD.changes(4).After reading the passage, you may conclude that _.（分数：3.00）A.the Indian system is also suitable for some small townsB
39、.the Indians are too simple-minded to live in a modern societyC.our system is much better than the IndiansD.the Indian social system would be very difficult to implement in our society(5).It can be inferred from the passage that many tasks in our society have to be carried out _.（分数：3.00）A.under sev
40、ere weather conditionsB.with great effortsC.without any delayD.with great careB第二篇/BB External Rewards/BPsychologists take opposing views of how external rewards, from warm praise to cold cash, affect motivation and creativity. Behaviorists, who study the relation between actions and their consequen
41、ces, argue that rewards can improve performance at work and school. Cognitive (认识学派的) researchers, who study various aspects of mental life, maintain that rewards often destroy creativity by encouraging dependence on approval and gifts from others.The latter view has gained many supporters, especial
42、ly among educators. But the careful use of small monetary (金钱的) rewards sparks creativity in grade-school children, suggesting that properly presented inducements (刺激) indeed aid inventiveness, according to a study in the June Journal of Personality and Social Psychology.“If kids know theyre working
43、 for a reward and can focus on a relatively challenging task, they show the most creativity,“ says Robert Eisenberger of the University of Delaware in New York. “But its easy to kill creativity by giving rewards for poor performance or creating too much anticipation for rewards.“A teacher who contin
44、ually draws attention to rewards or who hands out high grades for ordinary achievement ends up with uninspired students, Eisenberger holds. As an example of the latter point, he notes growing efforts at major universities to tighten grading standards and restore failing grades.In earlier grades, the
45、 use of socalled token economies, in which students handle challenging problems and receive performancebased points toward valued rewards, shows promise in raising effort and creativity, the Delaware psychologist claims.（分数：15.00）(1).Psychologists are divided with regard to their attitudes toward _.
46、（分数：3.00）A.the choice between spiritual encouragement and monetary rewardsB.the amount of monetary rewards for students creativityC.the study of relationship between actions and their consequencesD.the effects of external rewards on students performance(2).What is the response of many educators to e
47、xternal rewards for their students?（分数：3.00）A.They have no doubts about them.B.They have doubts about them.C.They approve of them.D.They avoid talking about them.(3).Which of the following can best raise students creativity according to Robert Eisenberger?（分数：3.00）A.Assigning them tasks they have no
48、t dealt with before.B.Assigning them tasks which require inventiveness.C.Giving them rewards they really deserve.D.Giving them rewards they anticipate.(4).It can be inferred from the passage that major universities are trying to tighten their grading standards because they believe _.（分数：3.00）A.rewarding poor performance may kill the creativity of studentsB.punishment is more effective than rewardingC.failing uninspired students helps improve their overall academic standardsD.discouraging the students anticipation for easy rewards is a matter of urgency(5).The phrase “token economies“(Line 1
