1、职称英语(卫生类)3 及答案解析(总分：-22.07，做题时间：120 分钟)1.The project for developing local industries was (evaluated) for its usefulness, feasibility and easiness of execution.（分数：-1.00）A.assessedB.comparedC.measuredD.weighed2.The number of the Unites States citizens who are (eligible) to vote continues to increase.
2、（分数：-1.00）A.encouragedB.enforcedC.expectedD.entitled3.His plan should succeed for it seems quite (feasible).（分数：-1.00）A.completeB.possibleC.daringD.decisive4.It is taken for granted that a piano without any (defects) would produce very grand music.（分数：-1.00）A.dislikesB.incidentsC.faultsD.merits5.Mr.
3、 Jackson wants to (give out) this news as soon as possible.（分数：-1.00）A.announceB.emitC.explainD.finish6.The U.S was in 1850 a (divided) nation half slave and half free.（分数：-1.00）A.alliedB.combinedC.unitedD.separate7.I (spotted) my father in the crowd.（分数：-1.00）A.recognizedB.recalledC.receivedD.recor
4、ded8.She (longed) to be envied and sought after.（分数：-1.00）A.hopedB.wantedC.was eagerD.wished9.Please let me know if any problems (arise).（分数：-1.00）A.becomeB.occurC.comeD.find10.The price is (somewhat) higher than I expected.（分数：-1.00）A.to some degreeB.at some timeC.in some casesD.for some reason11.I
5、ts (tough) looking for a job these days.（分数：-1.00）A.differentB.digitalC.difficultD.direct12.The development of the transistor and integrated circuits revolutionized the electronics industry by allowing components to be packaged more (densely).（分数：-1.00）A.compactlyB.inexpensivelyC.quicklyD.carefully1
6、3.Einsteins theory of relativity seemed (incredible) when it was first introduced.（分数：-1.00）A.brilliantB.complicatedC.unbelievableD.distinguished14.He (endured) all kinds of hardships in his solo sailing around the world.（分数：-1.00）A.sufferedB.experiencedC.lastedD.overcame15.There is less crime now;
7、it seems that there is a (fall) in the crime rate.（分数：-1.00）A.decreaseB.inclineC.defeatD.slopeFood Many Americans harbour a grossly distorted and exaggerated view of most of the risks surrounding food. Fergus Clydesdale, head of the department of food science and nutrition at the university of Massa
8、chusetts Amherst, says bluntly that if the dangers from bacterially contaminated chicken were as great as some people believe. “The streets would be littered with people lying here and there.“ Though the public increasingly demands no-risk food, there is no such thing. Bruce Ames, chairman of the bi
9、ochemistry department at the University of California, Berkeley, points out that up to 10% of a plants weight is made up of natural pesticides(杀虫剂) . Says he; “Since plants do not have jaws or teeth to protect themselves, they employ chemical warfare. “ And many naturally produced chemicals, though
10、occurring in tiny amounts, prove in laboratory tests to be strong carcinogensa substance which can cause cancer. Mushrooms (蘑菇) might be banned if they were judged by the same standards that apply to food additives (添加剂). Declares Christina Stark, a nutritionist at Cornell University:“ Weve got far
11、worst natural chemicals in the food supply than anything man-made. “ Yet the issues are not that simple. While Americans have no reason to the terrified to sit down at the dinner table, they have every reason to demand significant improvements in food and water safety. They unconsciously and unwilli
12、ngly take in too much of too many dangerous chemicals. If food already contains natural carcinogens, it does not make much sense to add dozens of new man-made ones. Though most people will withstand the small amounts of contaminants generally found in food and water, at least a few individuals will
13、probably get cancer one day because of what they eat and drink. To make good food and water supplies even better, the Government needs to tighten its regulatory standards, stiffen its inspection program and strengthen its enforcement policies. The food industry should modify some long-accepted pract
14、ices or turn to less hazardous alternatives. Perhaps most important, consumers will have to do a better job of learning how to handle and cook food properly. The problems that need to be tackled exist all along the food-supply chain, from fields to processing plants to kitchens. （分数：-0.98）(1).The au
15、thor thinks that the American overestimate the hazards of their food.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not Mentioned(2).The author considers it impossible to obtain no-risk food because many vegetables contain dangerous natural chemicals.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not Mentioned(3).By saying “they employ chem
16、ical warfare“ Line 4, Para. 2, Bruse Ames means “plants produce certain chemicals to combat pests and disease. “（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not Mentioned(4).The reduction of the possible hazards in food ultimately depends on the government.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not Mentioned(5).There is reason for
17、 caution but no cause Tor alarm with regard to food consumption.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not Mentioned(6).The government have no responsibility in reducing the possible hazards in food.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not Mentioned(7).Eating and drinking have become more hazardous than before.（分数：-0.14）A.
18、RightB.WrongC.Not MentionedMore Than 8 Hours Sleep Too Much of a Good Thing Although the dangers of too little sleep are widely known, new research suggests that people who sleep too much may also suffer the consequences. Investigators at the University of California in San Diego found that people w
19、ho clock up 9 or 10 hours each weeknight appear to have more trouble falling and staying asleep, as well as a number of other sleep problems, than people who sleep 8 hours a night. People who slept only 7 hours each night also said they had more trouble falling asleep and feeling refreshed after a n
20、ights sleep than 8-hour sleepers. These findings, which DL Daniel Kripke reported in the journal Psychosomatic Medicine, demonstrate that people who want to get a good nights rest may not need to set aside more than 8 hours a night. He added that“ it might be a good idea“ for people who sleep more t
21、han 8 hours each night to consider reducing the amount of time they spend in bed, but cautioned that more research is needed to confirm this. Previous studies have shown the potential dangers of chronic shortages of sleepfor instance, one report demonstrated that people who habitually sleep less tha
22、n 7 hours each night have a higher risk of dying within a fixed period than people who sleep more. For the current report, Kripke reviewed the responses of 1,004 adults to sleep questionnaires, in which participants indicated how much they slept during the Week and whether they experienced any sleep
23、 problems. Sleep problems included waking in the middle of the night, arising early in the morning and being unable to fall back to sleep, and having fatigue interfere with day-to-day functioning. Kripke found that people who slept between 9 and 10 hours each night were more likely to report experie
24、ncing each sleep problem than people who slept 8 hours. In an interview, Kripke noted that long sleepers may struggle to get rest at night simply because they spend too much time in bed. As evidence, he added that one way to help insomnia is to spend less time in bed. “ It stands to reason that if a
25、 person spends too long a time in bed, then they11 spend a higher percentage of time awake, “he said. A. Keprikes research tool B. Dangers of Habitual shortages of sleep C. Criticism on Kripkes report D. A way of overcoming insomnia E. Sleep problems of long and short sleepers （分数：-1.04）(1).Paragrap
26、h 2（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.E.(2).Paragraph 4（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.(3).Paragraph 5（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.(4).Paragraph 6（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.(5).To get a good nights rest, people may not need to_.（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.E.F.(6).Long sleepers are reported to be more likely to_.（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.E.(7).One of the sleep problem
27、s is waking in the middle of the night, unable to_.（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.(8).One survey showed that people who habitually_ each night have a higher risk of dying.（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.Modern Drugs Doctors, sixty years ago, could do little to help victims of polio. Serious cases usually ended in death. In 19
28、55, a vaccine was developed that prevented the disease. Today, polio is no longer a major health problem. Many of the most important drugs that doctors prescribe today have been developed in the last 30 years. Modern drugs are complex, specific and powerful. People need to know more about drugs in o
29、rder to use them safely. Early people discovered by accident that some of the plants growing around them seemed useful to heal sores, relieve pain, or even cure diseases. These plants were the first drugs. Now plants are still the source of some drugs. Quinine, for example, is a bitter-tasting drug
30、used to treat the chills and fever of malaria and to reduce attacks of the disease. It is made from the bark of the cinchona tree, which grows in the Andes Mountains. The Indians of that region were the first to use the bark as a medicine. The Spanish people probably brought it to Europe in the earl
31、y 1600s. Chemists learned how to get the pure drug from the bark and in 1944; it was made artificially in the laboratory. Other important drugs, such as hormones and vaccines, are obtained from animals. But most of the modern drugs come from chemical combinations worked out by research scientists. M
32、ost people never see drugs in their simple form as chemicals. Instead, they are seen as tablets, capsules or liquids that contain the drug and other ingredients. People use drugs to get different results. Some drugs attack the organism that causes a disease. They cure by killing the organism. Other
33、drugs relieve what we call the symptoms of the disease: the headache, pain, fever or chills, and make the patient more comfortable. These constitute most over-the-counter drugs. People can get them in drug stores. （分数：-1.00）(1).What is the main idea of this passage?（分数：-0.20）A.The development of mod
34、ern drugs.B.How to make drugs.C.How to use drugs safely.D.The development of drugs.(2).It seems to the author that the medicine used by early people_.（分数：-0.20）A.was of no real valueB.was probably effectiveC.was easy to makeD.did more harm than good(3).Concerning the drug quinine, which of the follo
35、wing is NOT true?（分数：-0.20）A.Originally, quinine was made from some tree bark.B.Quinine is used to cure malaria.C.Now, the cinchona tree is no longer the only source of quinine.D.It was the Spanish people who first used quinine as a medicine.(4).It is implied in the passage that most drugs can be_.（
36、分数：-0.20）A.manufactured artificiallyB.got from animal sourcesC.found naturally in plantsD.made from tree bark(5).The “over-the-counter drugs“ are those that _.（分数：-0.20）A.patients can get without doctors prescriptionsB.can relieve the symptoms of a diseaseC.attack the organism that causes a diseaseD
37、.tend to be complex and powerful synthetic drugsVegetarianism A strict vegetarian is a person who never in his life eats anything derived from animals. The main objection to vegetarianism on a long-term basis is the difficulty to getting enough protein, the body building elements in food. If you hav
38、e ever been without meat or animal foods for some days of weeks(say, religious reasons) you will have noticed that you tend to get physically rather weak. You are glad when the fast is over and you get your reward of a succulent meat meal. Proteins are built up from approximately twenty food element
39、s called “amino-acids“, which are found more abundantly in animal protein than in vegetable protein. This means you have to eat a great deal more vegetable than animal food in order to get enough of these amino-acids. A great of the vegetable food goes to waste in this process and from the physiolog
40、ical point of view there is not much to be said in favor of life-long vegetarianism. The economic side of the question, though, must be considered. Vegetable food is much cheaper than animal food. However, since only a small proportion of the vegetable protein is useful for body-building purposes, a
41、 consistent vegetarian, if he is to gain the necessary 70 grams of protein a day, has to consume a greater bulk of food than his digestive organs can comfortably deal with. In fairness, though, it must be pointed out that vegetarians claim they need far less than 70 grams of protein a day. Whether o
42、r not vegetarianism should be advocated for adults, it is definitely unsatisfactory for growing children, who need more protein than they can get from vegetable sources. A lacto-vegetarian diet, which includes milk and milk products such as cheese, can, however, be satisfactory as long as enough mil
43、k and milk products are consumed. Meat and cheese are the best sources of usable digestible and next come milk, fish and eggs. Slow and careful cooking of meat makes it more digestible and assists in the breaking down of the protein content by the body. When cooking vegetables, however, the vitamins
44、, and in particular the water-solube vitamin C, should be lost through overcooking. （分数：-1.00）(1).A vegetarian is a person who_.（分数：-0.20）A.eats the meat of animals onlyB.eats the vegetable onlyC.drinks milk onlyD.eat nothing at all(2).Compared with vegetable food animal food contains_.（分数：-0.20）A.m
45、ore proteinsB.more nutrientsC.more mineralsD.more amino-acids(3).The underlined word “lacto-vegetarian“ (in Para. 4) means_.（分数：-0.20）A.very strict vegetarianB.false-vegetarianC.not strict vegetarianD.non-vegetarian(4).From the passage, we know that_.（分数：-0.20）A.to gain enough protein, one must cons
46、ume much more vegetable food than animal foodB.cooking vegetables for long time makes it more digestibleC.milk is the best source of usable animal proteinD.the most common deficiencies in Western diets are those of vitamins(5).Which of the following is best reflected the authors attitude?（分数：-0.20）A
47、.Vegetarianism is not good for ones health.B.Vegetarianism should be advocated for adults.C.One should have a well-balanced diet containing elements of all foods.D.A lacto-vegetarian diet is the best as it provides adequate nutrition.Defective Genes and Human Health Each of us carries about half a d
48、ozen defective(有缺点的) genes. We remain blissfully(快乐地) unaware of this fact unless we, or one of our close relatives, are amongst the many millions who suffer from a genetic disease. About one in ten people has, or will develop at some later stage, an inherited(遗传的)genetic disorder, and approximately
49、 2,800 specific conditions are known to be caused by defects (mutations) in just one of the patients genes. Some single gene disorders are quite common-cystic(胞状的) fibrosis (纤维化) is found in one out of every 2,500 babies born in the Western Worldand in total, diseases that can be traced to single gene defects account for about 5% of all admissions to childrens hospitals. Most of us do not suffer any harmful effects from our defective genes because we carry two copies of nearly all
