1、雅思(学术类)模拟 68 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Listening Module(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、SECTION 1(总题数：1，分数：5.00)（分数：5.00）(1).Choose the correct letter, A, B or C. What did Nadia buy at the bookshop?（分数：0.50）A.a newspaperB.a novelC.crossword puzzles(2).Thomas is interested in the play about（分数：0.50）A.a hunter.B.a
2、 pirate.C.a doctor.(3).The couple in the bookshop were discussing（分数：0.50）A.a funny play.B.a smooth play.C.a boring play.(4).How does Nadia want her coffee?（分数：0.50）A.sweet and blackB.with milkC.black with no sugar(5).What kind of muffin does Nadia want?（分数：0.50）A.plainB.berryC.chocolate(6).How like
3、ly are Thomas and Nadia to visit the following attractions? Write the correct letter, A, B or C next to questions 6-10. A. they will definitely visit B. they might visit C. they will not visit the Tower of London（分数：0.50）(7).the Wheel（分数：0.50）(8).Westminster（分数：0.50）(9).the British Museum（分数：0.50）(1
4、0).Buckingham Palace（分数：0.50）三、SECTION 2(总题数：1，分数：5.00)（分数：5.00）(1).Answer the questions below. Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer. What time does the museum open on Thursday morning?（分数：0.50）(2).How much does it cost to hire a multi-media guide?（分数：0.50）(3).Where should vi
5、sitors leave their coats and bags?（分数：0.50）(4).How much does it cost to leave a package there?（分数：0.50）(5).Where can visitors buy a cup of tea?（分数：0.50）(6).Label the plan below. Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS for each answer. （分数：0.50）四、SECTION 3(总题数：1，分数：5.00)（分数：5.00）(1).Complete the notes below. Wr
6、ite NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS for each answer. “Research Methodology“ Use scientific method based on empirical evidence (= _1_ ) Find a research problem or question - a commonly held belief e.g. lack of sleep has negative impact on _2_ - review the literature - an everyday problem: e.g. research differ
7、ent memorisation _3_ Define your variables Develop a hypothesis Conduct _4_ research - books; journals; online databases tips for writing (to be covered next two weeks)（分数：0.50）五、SECTION 4(总题数：1，分数：5.00)（分数：5.00）(1).Complete the table below. Write ONE WORD OR A NUMBER for each answer. Cereal MMT 1 6
8、00 2 560 coarse grain 3 cereal grown for 4 300 （分数：0.50）(5).Complete the summary below. Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS for each answer. Production of RiceRice gives more _5_ per hectare than other cereal crops and production has increased over 100% in recent years because of better yields. Land area h
9、as only increased by 30% due to the need for wet land so availability of land is quite limited by _6_ type and _7_ supply. The dry-land variety gives poorer yields and poorer _8_ No weed killers have been developed yet that do not harm the main crop. Heavy machines are unable to work in paddy fields
10、 so most rice is still grown _9_ .（分数：0.50）(10).Complete the diagram below. Write ONE WORD ONLY for the answer. （分数：0.50）六、Reading Module(总题数：0，分数：0.00)七、READING PASSAGE 1(总题数：1，分数：6.50)Reading Passage 1 has five sections, A-E. Choose the correct headings for sections A-E from the list of headings b
11、elow. Write the correct number, i-ix, in boxes 1-5 on your answer sheet. List of Headingsi. Mushrooms that glow in the dark ii. Bright creatures on land and in the sea iii. Evolution“s solution iv. Cave-dwelling organisms v. Future opportunities in biological engineering vi. Nature“s gift to medicin
12、e vii. Bioluminescence in humans viii. Purposes of bioluminescence in the wild ix. Luminescent pets BioluminescenceA. In the pitch-black waters of the ocean“s aphotic zonedepths from 1000m to the sea floorgood eye sight does not count for very much on its own. Caves, in addition, frequently present
13、a similar problem: the complete absence of natural light at any time of the day. This has not stopped some organisms from turning these inhospitable environments into their homes, and in the process many have created their own forms of light by developing one of the stunning visual marvels of the bi
14、ological universebioluminescence. B. Many people will encounter bioluminescence at some point in their life, typically in some form of glowworm, which is found on most continents. North and South America are home to the “firefly“, a glowing beetle which is known as a glow-worm during its larvae stag
15、e. Flightless glowing beetles and worms are also found in Europe, Asia, Australia and New Zealand. Less common flies, centipedes, mollusks and snails have bioluminescent qualities as well, as do some mushrooms. The most dramatic examples of bioluminescence, however, are found deep below the ocean“s
16、surface, where no sunlight can penetrate at all. Here, anglerfish, cookie-cutter sharks, flashlight fish, lantern fish, gulper eels, viper fish and many other species have developed bioluminescence in unique and creative ways to facilitate their lives. C. The natural uses of bioluminescence vary wid
17、ely, and organisms have learnt to be very creative with its use. Fireflies employ bioluminescence primarily for reproductive meanstheir flashing patterns advertise a firefly“s readiness to breed. Some fish use it as a handy spotlight to help them locate prey. Others use it as a lure; the anglerfish,
18、 for example, dangles a luminescent flare that draws in gullible, smaller fishes which get snapped up by the anglerfish in an automated reflex. Sometimes bioluminescence is used to resist predators. Vampire squids eject a thick cloud of glowing liquid from the tip of its arms when threatened, which
19、can be disorientating. Other species use a single, bright flash to temporarily blind their attacker, with an effect similar to that of an oncoming car which has not dipped its headlights. D. Humans have captured and utilised bioluminescence by developing, over the last decade, a technology known as
20、Bioluminescence Imaging (BLI). BLI involves the extraction of a DNA protein from a bioluminescent organism, and then the integration of this protein into a laboratory animal through trans-geneticism. Researchers have been able to use luminised pathogens and cancer cell lines to track the respective
21、spread of infections and cancers. Through BLI, cancers and infections can be observed without intervening in a way that affects their independent development. In other words, while an ultra-sensitive camera and bioluminescent proteins add a visual element, they do not disrupt or mutate the natural p
22、rocesses. As a result, when testing drugs and treatments, researchers are permitted a single perspective of a therapy“s progression. E. Once scientists learn how to engineer bioluminescence and keep it stable in large quantities, a number of other human uses for it will become available. Glowing tre
23、es have been proposed as replacements for electric lighting along busy roads, for example, which would reduce our dependence on non-renewable energy sources. The same technology used in Christmas trees for the family home would also eliminate the fire danger from electrical fairy lights. It may also
24、 be possible for crops and plants to luminesce when they require watering, and for meat and dairy products to “tell us“ when they have become contaminated by bacteria. In a similar way, forensic investigators could detect bacterial species on corpses through bioluminescence. Finally, there is the el
25、ement of pure novelty. Children“s toys and stickers are often made with glow-in-the-dark qualities, and a biological form would allow rabbits, mice, fish, and other pets to glow as well.（分数：6.50）(1).Section A（分数：0.50）(2).Section B（分数：0.50）(3).Section C（分数：0.50）(4).Section D（分数：0.50）(5).Section E（分数：
26、0.50）(6).Choose FOUR letters, A-G. Write the correct letters in boxes 6-9 on your answer sheet. Which FOUR uses are listed for bioluminescence in nature? A. ways of attracting food B. tracing the spread of diseases C. mating signals D. growing trees for street lighting E. drug trials F. defensive ta
27、ctics G. a torch to identify food（分数：0.50）(10).Complete the sentences below. Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer. Write your answers in boxes 10-13 on your answer sheet. The luminescent fluid that a Vampire Squid emits has a 1 effect on its predator.（分数：0.50）(11).In order
28、to use bioluminescence in a trans-genetic environment, 1 must first be removed from a bioluminescent creature.（分数：0.50）(12).One advantage of BLI is that it could allow researchers to see how a treatment is working without altering or disturbing 1.（分数：0.50）(13).In the future, 1 may be able to use bio
29、luminescence to identify evidence on dead bodies.（分数：0.50）八、READING PASSAGE 2(总题数：1，分数：6.50)CHANGES IN MALE BODY IMAGEA. The pressures on women to look slender, youthful and attractive have been extensively documented, but changing expectations for women“s bodies have varied widely. From voluptuous
30、and curvy in the days of Marilyn Monroe, to slender and androgynous when Twiggy hit the London scene in the mid-1960s, and then on to the towering Amazonian models of the 1980s and the “heroin chic“ and size-zero obsession of today, it is not just clothes that go in and out of fashion for women. The
31、 prevailing notion of the perfect body for men, however, has remained remarkably static: broad shoulders, a big chest and arms, and rippling, visible abdominal muscles and powerful legs have long been the staple ingredients of a desirable male physique. B. A growing body of evidence suggests this is
32、 changing, however. Rootsteins, a mannequin design company in Britain, has released its newest male modelthe homme nouveau with a cinched-in 27-inch waist. “To put that into perspective,“ says one female fashion reporter, “I had a 27-inch waist when I was thirteen.and I was really skinny.“ The compa
33、ny suggests that the homme nouveau “redresses the prevailing “beefcake“ figure by carving out a far more streamlined, sinuous silhouette to match the edgier attitude of a new generation“. C. Elsewhere in the fashion industry, the label American Apparel is releasing a line of trousers in sizes no lar
34、ger than a 30-inch waist, which squeezes out most of the younger male market who have an average waistline over five inches larger. Slender young men are naturally starting to dominate the catwalks and magazine pages as well. “No one wanted the big guys,“ model David Gandy has said, describing how h
35、is muscled physique was losing him jobs. “It was all the skinny, androgynous look. People would look at me very, very strangely when I went to castings.“ D. Achieving such a physique can be unattainable for those without the natural genetic make-up. “I don“t know that anyone would consider my body a
36、rchetypal or as an exemplar to work towards,“ notes model Davo McConville. “You couldn“t aim for this; it“s defined by a vacuum of flesh, by what it“s not.“ Nevertheless, statistics suggest it is not just an obsession of models, celebrities and the mediamore and more ordinary men are prepared to go
37、to great lengths for a slender body. One indication is the growing number of men who are discovering surgical reconstruction. Male breast-reduction has become especially popular; in 2009 the year-on-year growth rate for this procedure rose to 44 percent in the United Kingdom. Liposuction also remain
38、s popular in the market for male body reconstructive surgery, with 35,000 such procedures being performed on men every year. E. Additionally, more men now have eating disorders than ever before. These are characterised by normal eating habits, typically either the consumption of insufficient or exce
39、ssive amounts of food. Eating disorders are detrimental to the physical and mental condition of people who suffer from them, and the desire to achieve unrealistic physiques has been implicated as a cause. In 1990 only 10% of people suffering from anorexia or bulimia were believed to be male, but thi
40、s figure has climbed steadily to around one quarter today. Around two in five binge eaters are men. Women still make up the majority of those afflicted by eating disorders, but the perception of it being a “girly“ problem has contributed to men being less likely to pursue treatment. In 2008, male ea
41、ting disorders were thrust into the spotlight when former British Deputy Prime Minister, John Prescott, admitted to habitually gorging on junk food and then inducing himself to vomit while in office. “I never admitted to this out of the shame and embarrassment,“ he said. “I found it difficult as a m
42、an like me to admit that I suffered from bulimia.“ F. In some respects, the slim male silhouette seems to be complementing, rather than displacing, the G. I. Joe physique. Men“s Health , one of the only titles to weather the floundering magazine market with sales increasing to a quarter of a million
43、 per issue, has a staple diet of bulky men on the cover who entice readers with the promise of big, powerful muscles. Advertising executives and fashion editors suggest that in times of recession and political uncertainty, the more robust male body image once again becomes desirable. Academic resear
44、ch supports this claim, indicating that more “feminine“ features are desirable for men in comfortable and secure societies, while “masculine“ physical traits are more attractive where survival comes back to the individual. A University of Aberdeen study, conducted using 4,500 women from over 30 coun
45、tries, found a pronounced correlation between levels of public healthcare and the amount of effeminacy women preferred in their men. In Sweden, the country considered to have the best healthcare, 68 percent of women preferred the men who were shown with feminine facial features. In Brazil, the count
46、ry with the worst healthcare in the study, only 45 percent of women were so inclined. “The results suggest that as healthcare improves, more masculine men fall out of favour,“ the researchers concluded. G. Ultimately, columnist Polly Vernon has written, we are left with two polarised ideals of mascu
47、line beauty. One is the sleek, slender silhouette that exudes cutting-edge style and a wealthy, comfortable lifestyle. The other is the “strong, muscular, austerity-resistant“ form that suggests a man can look after himself with his own bare hands. These ideals co-exist by pulling men in different d
48、irections and encouraging them to believe they must always be chasing physical perfection, while simultaneously destabilising any firm notions of what physical perfection requires. H. As a result, attaining the ideal body becomes an ever more futile and time-consuming task. Vernon concludes that thi
49、s means less time for the more important things in life, and both sexes should resist the compulsive obsession with beauty.（分数：6.50）(1).Reading Passage 2 has eight paragraphs, A-H. Which paragraph contains the following information? Write the correct letter, A-H, in boxes 14-20 on your answer sheet. NB You may use any letter more than once. an opinion on whether body image changes have positive or negative effects（分数：0.50）(2).a historical comparison of gendered body images（分数：0.50）(3).a humiliating confession of overeating b
