1、剑桥商务英语高级分类-1 及答案解析(总分：52.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、READING(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、PART ONE(总题数：1，分数：8.00)AIn order to maintain a statistical measure of the quantity of goods shipped abroad and to provide a means of determining whether regulations are being met, most countries require shipments abroad to be accompani
2、ed by an export declaration. Usually such a declaration, presented at the port of exit, includes the names and addresses of the principals involved, the destination of the goods, a full description of the goods, and their declared value, When manufacturers are exporting from the United States, Custo
3、ms and the Department of Commerce require an export declaration for all shipments. If specific licenses are required to ship a particular commodity, the export license must be presented with the export declaration for proper certification. It thus serves as the principal means of control for regulat
4、ory agencies of the U.S. government.BIn exporting, the bill that the exporter or consignor sends to the importer or consignee is called a commercial invoice. This invoice lists full particulars of the shipment. The marks, the number of packages, an accurate packing list, and a full description of th
5、e merchandise should appear on the commercial invoice. It should state the name of the ship (if ocean transportation is used), the name and address of the consignee, the contract number, the code word for the contract if one is used, the price per unit of the merchandise, and the total price of the
6、shipment. The commercial invoice should also show the nature of the price quotation, whether the merchandise is sold FOB factory, FAS vessel, or CIF port of destination.CAnother essential shipping document for shipments to some countries is the consular .invoice. This is a document obtained by the e
7、xporter in his or her country from the governmental representative of the importers country. It was originally designed to help ensure that fair market values would be listed on the invoices prepared by the exporter. Thus the exporter must prepare and have certified before the foreign consul or repr
8、esentative a document containing all essential details of the sale. After certification the document is forwarded to the buyer for presentation to customs with the customs declaration, ostensibly for use in determining the amount of tariff to be levied.In recent years, a number of countries includin
9、g the United States and the Philippines, have eliminated the requirement for the consular invoice. But where they are still required, they must be provided.DThe packing list is sometimes shown on the commercial invoice, or it may be a separate document, depending on the number of packages and the. c
10、omplexity of the list. It should contain, item by item, the contents of cases or containers in a shipment., The items should be listed separately with their weight and description set forth so as to make a complete check of the contents of each package possible upon arrival at the port of destinatio
11、n or the customs office. This information is also useful for the consignee. Any variation in description from the commercial invoice or consular invoice usually subjects the consignee to large fines, which are then passed on to the exporter.EThese include a wide variety of special inspection certifi
12、cates issued by various authorities and may be required by the importer to meet his or her own or government requirements. These documents certify as to purity and absence of disease, and are issued to cover food products, plants, seeds, and live animals. Frequently, they must be legalized by the co
13、nsular representative of the importing country. Food products are those for which sanitary certificates are most often required. Special certificates are also issued for certain types of merchandise, to certify a required composition or the existence of specific ingredients. Some types of steel, for
14、 example, are sold on analysis. Certain chemical mixtures must be analyzed and certified with respect to the presence of desired constituents.（分数：8.00）(1).This invoice lists full particulars of the shipment.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).It should contain, item by item, the contents of cases or containers in a
15、 shipment.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).At best, it is evidence of the intentions of the parties and is a notification to the consignee of all the facts and the amount to be paid.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).If specific licenses are required to ship a particular commodity, the export license must be presented with the
16、 export declaration for proper certification.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(5).This is a document obtained by the exporter in his or her country from the governmental representative of the importers country.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(6).Food products are those for which sanitary certificates are most often required.（分数：1.0
17、0）填空项 1:_(7).Any variation in description from the commercial invoice or consular invoice usually subjects the consignee to large fines, which are then passed on to the exporter.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(8).It was originally designed to help ensure that fair market values would be listed on the invoices prep
18、ared by the exporter.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_三、PART TWO(总题数：1，分数：6.00)The organisation and administration of wages and salaries are complex and varied. (9) In others, the Accounts Department is responsible for calculations of pay, while the Personnel Department is more interested in negotiations with staff
19、about pay.If a firm wants to introduce a new wage and salary structure, it will have to decide on a method of job evaluation and ways of measuring the performance of its employees (10) In job evaluation, all of the requirements of each job are specified in a detailed job description (11) To pay each
20、 job what it is worth, the values are linked to the firms salary structure. For middle and higher management, a-well-known points method is the Hay System. This evaluates personnel on their knowledge of the job, their responsibility, and their ability to solve problems. Because of the difficulty in
21、measuring administrative work, however, job grades they are often decided without reference to an evaluation system based on points or factors.In attempting to reach a salaries policy, the Personnel Department should compare the value of each job with those in the job market.(12) (13) Where it is si
22、mple to measure the work done, as in manual work, monetary incentive schemes and merit awards are often selected. For indirect workers, where measurement is difficult, methods of additional payments include bonus schemes based on the performance of the company.(14) Fringe benefits such as sickness a
23、nd pension schemes, sports clubs, housing and canteens are all an accepted part of the condition of work. A. Each of these requirements is given a value, usually in “points“ or “factors“ which are added together to give a total value for the job. B. It is said that payment for a job should vary with
24、 any differences in the way that job is performed. C. In some companies the Personnel Department has more responsibility for wages and salaries than the Accounts Department. D. Employees in a company get more or less the same amount of payment from year to year. E. Non-financial incentive schemes ar
25、e becoming more popular for all grades of staff. F. In order to be successful, that pay structure will need agreement between Trade Unions and management or a dearly defined system for dealing with problems. G. It should also analyse economic factors, such as the cost of living and the labor supply.
26、 H. Indirect workers get regular payments such as bonus as awards for their performance in the company.（分数：6.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_四、PART THREE(总题数：1，分数：6.00)Britons are working longer hours than they did a decade ago, but are less productive than their counterparts in the Uni
27、ted States and continental Europe, according to a survey released today.The research, conducted by the Economic and Social Research Council, a government-financed agency, discloses several work-force myths, including the notion that gold-watch employees who spend their entire careers with one compan
28、y are a dying breed, and that the new economy has created a transient work force made up of professional freelancers who jump from job to job. Policy makers in Britain have promoted the idea of a more flexible work force, in which people held more part-time or temporary jobs and often worked from ho
29、me, as one benefit of the new economy. The new type of employee even got a new namethe portfolio workerand was supposed to benefit from a more flexible schedule and shorter hours.But like so much of the new economy that appears to be more wishful thinking than fact. A vast majority of the 2,500 peop
30、le surveyed, 92 percent, held permanent jobs in 2,000, up from 88 percent in 1992, the last time comparable research was conducted. People are also staying in their jobs longer and working more hours than they did a decade ago.One of three British men and one of 10 women work more than 50 hours a we
31、ek, said Prof. Peter Nolan. That is on average about 10 hours more than people work in most other European countries; Americans still work longer hours. Yet Britain is two-thirds less productive than the United States and one-third less productive than Europe when it comes to manufacturing output, P
32、rofessor Nolan continued. The long hours are beginning to take a toll, it seems. Only 16 percent of those questioned said they would work longer hours than they do to help their organization, compared with 21 percent who said they would in 1992.Despite the governments effort to encourage investments
33、 in technology and breathe life into the digital economy, the fastest-growing jobs over the past decade were often trivial, low-wage positions. The number of hairdressers grew the fastest, Professor Nolan said. Stockers in stores ranked No. 8, behind nurses, housekeepers, call-center operators, welf
34、are workers, education assistants and software engineers.（分数：6.00）(1).According to Para 1, which of the following is NOT true?（分数：1.00）A.Americans are more efficient than Britons in manufacturing output.B.Frenchmen are more efficient than Britons in manufacturing output.C.Britons spend more time in
35、their job than their forefathers.D.Britons spend more time in their job than Americans.(2).According to Para 2, policy makers in Britain _.（分数：1.00）A.argue that its an ideal system in which employees spend their entire careers with one companyB.argue that, the new economy has created a flexible work
36、 force systemC.are eager to replace the permanent work force system with a flexible oneD.argue that gold-watch employees are inefficient compared with part-time employees(3).Which of the statements below can best express the main idea of Para 3?（分数：1.00）A.Britain has become a new economy society jus
37、t like many other developed countries.B.Contrary to peoples desire, Britain still has a long way to establish a flexible work force.C.Most employees in Britain hold a permanent job.D.Employees in Britain spend more time in their job than ten years ago.(4).All of the following are true EXCEPT _.（分数：1
38、.00）A.Britain has a lower productivity than AmericaB.freelancers are the kind of employees who change their job constantlyC.in the survey mentioned in para 3, 2500 people held permanent jobs in 2000D.more and more people in Britain are unwilling to spend long hours on the job(5).In the fourth paragr
39、aph, the phrase “to take a toll“ means _.（分数：1.00）A.to take into accountB.to have a bad effectC.to make a new wayD.to carry out(6).It is implied in the last paragraph that _.（分数：1.00）A.Britain has invested big money in the IT industryB.the British government spares no efforts to convert Britain into
40、 a digital societyC.Britain is more a traditional society than a digital societyD.hairdressing is the most promising industry in Britain五、PART FOUR(总题数：1，分数：10.00)The Internet can make the news more democratic, giving the public a chance to ask questions and seek out facts behind stories and candida
41、tes, according to the head of the largest U.S. online services.“But the greatest (21) for public participation is still in the future, “ Steven Case, Chairman of American Online, told a recent meeting on Journalism and. the Internet sponsored by the Freedom Forum. (22) , some other experts often say
42、 the new technology of computers is changing the face of journalism, giving reporters (23) to more information and their readers a chance to ask questions and turn to (24) sources.“You dont have to buy a newspaper and be confined to the four corners of that paper any more, “ Sam Meddis, online techn
43、ology editor at USA Today, (25) about the variety of information available to computer users.But the experts noted the easy access to the Internet also (26) anyone can post information for others to see. “Anyone can say anything they want, (27) its right or wrong, “ said Case. Readers have to determ
44、ine for themselves whom to trust. “ln a world of almost infinite voices, respected journalists and respected brand names will probably become more important, not (28) , “ Case said.The Internet today is about (29) radio was 80 years ago, or television 50 years ago, or cable 25 years ago, he said. Bu
45、t it is (30) rapidly because it provides people fast access to news and a chance to comment on it.（分数：10.00）A.promisingB.potentialC.possibilityD.opportunityA.OtherwiseB.HoweverC.ThereforeD.AlthoughA.accessB.timeC.opportunityD.spaceA.otherB.differentC.definiteD.similarA.observedB.criticizedC.discusse
46、dD.toldA.meansB.emphasizesC.conveysD.explainsA.whetherB.eitherC.ifD.providedA.littleB.worseC.lessD.fewA.whatB.whichC.whereD.whenA.changingB.improvingC.goingD.growing六、PART FIVE(总题数：1，分数：10.00)The Corporate Laughter Business Is BoomingWhen the OEO of Lotus, manufacturer of computer software, intervie
47、ws job candidates, he looks (31) people who can laugh out loud. At the headquarters of ice-cream maker Ben Jerrys, the “Minister of Joy“ supervises the “Joy Gang“, (32) has the job of spending $10, 000 a year planning and implementing workplace fun. Odetics, maker of video security systems and other
48、 recording equipment, considered it an honor when Industry Week called it “the wackiest place to work in the U. S. “.In corporate America today, humor is a serious business. Workers have been downsized, reengineered, restructured, and overworked for so long they have forgotten how to smile and laugh
49、. To remind them, companies are posting amusing notes and cartoons on (33) . boards, building libraries of humorous books for workers to read, sponsoring “fun at work“ days, “laughter“ committees, and (34) hiring specialists.As a result, the corporate humor business has taken off. A “humor services“ group, called Humor
