1、公共英语四级-知识运用题(一)及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Unit 1(总题数：1，分数：20.00)Most Americans spend far more of their leisure time on the mass media than people in any other countries. (1) , most of us hear, see, (2) read some of the media while (3) other activities. Thus an (4) large number of our waking hours
2、are spent with the mass media. (5) all the media, television is clearly (6) , with newspapers a close second, as a (7) of news and other information. Our (8) to all media is important, (9) , because all of them contribute materials for the construction of that world in our heads. For most people, in
3、creased use of one medium does not (10) use of another. In fact, in certain cases, and especially for certain purposes, the more one uses one medium, the more (11) one is to use others.There are various (12) that can cause you to (13) yourself to the media (14) , avoiding much of the material with w
4、hich you disagree. Some of that selective exposure is probably (15) the psychological pressure you feel to avoid the discomfort caused by confrontation with facts and ideas contrary to your beliefs, attitudes, or behavior. However, some selective exposure is not due to the pressure for consistency b
5、ut to other factors, such as your age, education, and even the area in which you live and the people with whom you associate.Quite a few sorts of factors that (16) your media experience is the social context of exposure: whether you are alone or with others when you are exposed to a medium; whether
6、you are at home, at the office, in a theater, and so on. These contexts are as much as a (17) part of the message you will (18) as film image on the screen or words on the page. In addition, that social context affects-both directly and indirectly-the media (19) to which you become exposed. New frie
7、nds or colleagues get you interested in different things. Other members of the family often select media content (20) you would not have selected, and you become exposed to it.These various factors have so much influence on your media exposure that so little of that exposure is planned.（分数：20.00）A.I
8、n additionB.Of courseC.YetD.AlreadyA.norB.eitherC.andD.orA.subscribing toB.engaging inC.hanging onD.indulging inA.extensivelyB.extremelyC.speciallyD.constantlyA.AtB.InC.OfD.ForA.magnificentB.significantC.dominantD.prominentA.originB.baseC.discoveryD.sourceA.accessB.exposureC.meansD.expectationA.ther
9、eforeB.consequentlyC.howeverD.evidentlyA.decreaseB.subtractC.minimizeD.degradeA.obligedB.likelyC.probableD.partialA.casesB.reasonsC.situationsD.factorsA.exposeB.exploreC.exploitD.expandA.selectivelyB.selectC.selectiveD.selectingA.with regard toB.as toC.due toD.in relation toA.effectB.affectC.incline
10、D.relateA.overwhelmingB.inevitableC.constantD.potentialA.fashionB.composeC.formD.patternA.contentB.pleasureC.happinessD.sadnessA.whatB.whereC.thatD.in that二、Unit 2(总题数：1，分数：20.00)The Carnegie Foundation report says that many colleges have tried to be “all things to all people“. In doing so, they hav
11、e (1) catered (2) a narrow-minded careerism while failing to (3) a global vision among their students. The current crisis, it (4) , does not derive (5) a legitimate desire to put learning (6) productive ends. The problem is that in too many academic fields, the work has no context; skills, (7) being
12、 means, have become ends. Students are (8) a variety of (9) and allowed to (10) their way to a degree. (11) , driven by careerism, “the nations colleges and universities are more successful in providing credentials than in providing a quality education for their students“. The report concludes that
13、the special challenge confronting the undergraduate college is one of shaping an “integrated core“ of common learning. Such a core would introduce students “to (12) knowledge, to connections across the disciplines, and in the end, to (13) of knowledge to life beyond the campus“.Although the key to a
14、 good college is a high-quality (14) , the Carnegie study found that most colleges do very little to (15) good teaching. In fact, they do much to undermine it. As one professor observed: “Teaching is important, we are told, and yet faculty know that research and publication (16) most.“ Not surprisin
15、gly, over the last twenty years colleges and universities have (17) to graduate half of their four-year degree candidates. Faculty members who (18) themselves to teaching soon discover that they will not be granted tenure, promotion, or (19) salary increases. Yet 70 percent of all faculty say their
16、interests lie more in teaching than in research. Additionally, a frequent complaint among young scholars is that “there is pressure to publish,“ although there is (20) no interest among administrators or colleagues in the content of the publications.（分数：20.00）A.to increaseB.increasinglyC.increasingD
17、.increaseA.withB.forC.toD.fromA.cultivateB.tendC.breedD.tameA.contemptB.contestsC.contactsD.contendsA.forB.fromC.withD.amongA.throughB.ofC.toD.upA.rather thanB.or otherC.but ratherD.other thanA.affordedB.offeredC.chargedD.suppliedA.optionsB.dutiesC.obligationsD.penaltiesA.gainB.pullC.drawD.pickA.Sho
18、rtcutB.For shortC.In shortD.ShortlyA.essentialB.completeC.necessaryD.remarkableA.usageB.applicationC.useD.utilityA.facultyB.staffC.crewD.functionaryA.encourageB.discourseC.depressD.improveA.matchB.matterC.marchD.markA.failedB.fallenC.fadedD.faintedA.directB.dictateC.decorateD.delicateA.substantialB.
19、substantiveC.subsequentD.subsidiaryA.appropriatelyB.deliberatelyC.literallyD.virtually三、Unit 3(总题数：1，分数：20.00)Throughout history man has had to accept the fact that all living things must die. And people now live no (1) than they (2) to. It is true that all living things still show the (3) of aging,
20、 which will eventually result (4) death. Aging is not a disease, but as a person passes maturity, the cells of the body and the (5) they form do not (6) as well as they did in childhood and adolescence. The body provides less (7) against disease and is more prone (8) accident.A number of related cau
21、ses may (9) to aging. Some cells of the body have a fairly long life, but they are not (10) when they die. (11) a person ages, the number of brain cells and muscle cells decrease. Other body cells die and are (12) by new cells. In an aging person the (13) cells may not be as able to develop or as ca
22、pable (14) growth as those of a young person.Another (15) in aging may be changes within the cells themselves. Some of the protein chemicals in cells are known to change with age and become less elastic. This is why the skin of old people wrinkles and (16) loose. This is also the reason old people (
23、17) in height. There may be other more important chemical (18) in the cells. Some complex cell chemical, such as DNA and RNA, store and pass (19) information that the cells need. Aging may affect this (20) and change the information-carrying molecules so that they do not transmit the information as
24、well.（分数：20.00）A.longerB.moreC.olderD.healthierA.oughtB.mustC.usedD.shouldA.functionB.effectC.influenceD.signA.inB.fromC.forD.aboutA.armsB.feetC.heartD.organsA.functionB.actionC.useD.abilityA.strengthB.protectionC.vigorD.powerA.toB.forC.againstD.inA.concernB.contributeC.happenD.attributeA.replacedB.
25、rebornC.recoveredD.yieldedA.SinceB.AlthoughC.AsD.withA.regainedB.substitutedC.continuedD.followedA.oldB.remainingC.newD.otherA.toB.forC.ofD.withA.factorB.effectC.matterD.elementA.hangsB.appealsC.tendsD.declinesA.shortenB.shrinkC.lengthenD.decreaseA.changesB.componentsC.reactionsD.featuresA.toB.overC
26、.throughD.onA.methodB.procedureC.developmentD.process四、Unit 4(总题数：1，分数：20.00)Are you aware that you actually possess six senses? The sixth is a muscular sense (1) for your muscles intelligently to the exact (2) necessary for each action you perform. For example, when you reach (3) an object, the sen
27、sory nerves (4) the muscles to the brain and stop your hand at the correct (5) . This automatic perception of the position of your muscles (6) relation to the object is your muscular (7) in action.Muscles are bundles of fibers (8) from one five-thousandth of an inch to about three inches. They have
28、three (9) characteristics: they can become shorter and thicker; they can (10) ; and they can retract to their original positions. (11) a high powered microscope, muscle tissue is seen (12) long, slender cells with a grainy texture like wood.More than half of a persons body is (13) of muscle fibers,
29、most of (14) are involuntary, in other words, work without (15) direction. The voluntary muscles, those that we move consciously to (16) particular actions, (17) more than five hundred. Women have only 60 to 70 percent as much (18) as men for their (19) mass. That is (20) an average woman cant lift
30、as much, throw as far, or hit as hard as an average man.（分数：20.00）A.indispensableB.responsibleC.alternativeD.influentialA.areaB.aspectC.lengthD.extentA.overB.forC.toD.towardA.combineB.joinC.linkD.uniteA.spotB.dotC.areaD.markA.onB.atC.withinD.inA.functionB.senseC.reflectionD.instinctA.turningB.changi
31、ngC.varyingD.differingA.uniqueB.usualC.understandableD.mysteriousA.enlargeB.spreadC.stretchD.reachA.AtB.InC.OnD.UnderA.asB.likeC.havingD.containingA.consistedB.involvedC.composedD.deprivedA.thatB.whichC.themD.theseA.greatB.definiteC.noticeableD.consciousA.performB.makeC.fulfillD.satisfyA.calculateB.
32、occupyC.numberD.amountA.energyB.strengthC.powerD.muscleA.figureB.bodyC.shapeD.organA.whenB.whatC.whyD.how五、Unit 5(总题数：1，分数：20.00)No one can deny that pesticides have improved the ability of farmers to bring their crops to market. (1) pesticides, farmers no longer have to worry that they will lose an
33、 entire crop (2) an army of cut worms(毛虫)or fruit flies. (3) , Americans can rely on a large and varied food supply.However, we Americans need to become more (4) about the effects those pesticides on our food. More (5) , we need to think about what new (6) is necessary to protect ourselves from a (7
34、) too rich in pesticide residue. If we dont demand greater (8) on pesticide use, we may be surprised, dismayed, and (9) horrified by the consequence of its use.On the most obvious level, farm workers who continue to use the pesticides (10) their present rate will be (11) serious disease. Its no (12)
35、 that farmers (13) to herbicides: have a six times greater risk of getting cancer. (14) , children who live in homes where pesticides are used have an increased chance of getting childhood leukemia (白血病).But the farmers are not the only ones (15) risk. Consumers may also suffer serious side effects
36、from daily (16) of foods tainted (污染) by pesticides. Although scientists have yet to prove the link (17) , they are concerned that pesticide use may be one reason for the starting increase in various forms of cancer like breast and colon (结肠) cancers.We need new legislating that (18) stricter standa
37、rds governing pesticide residues in food. Much of the current legislation is based on ignorance. Simply (19) , we allow high levels of carcinogens (致癌物) in our food because we dont know for sure that they do cause cancer in humans. Yet, why should we take the risk? If theres a chance that a pesticid
38、e causes cancer, then it should be (20) from use.（分数：20.00）A.In spite ofB.Thanks toC.GivenD.ProvidedA.outB.onC.forD.toA.In sumB.In shortC.In totalD.As a resultA.informedB.acknowledgedC.acquaintedD.instructedA.specificallyB.speciallyC.especiallyD.sophisticatedlyA.institutionB.constitutionC.legislatio
39、nD.commissionA.menuB.nutritionC.nourishmentD.dietA.constraintsB.restrictionsC.commitmentD.purificationA.ultimatelyB.utterlyC.extremelyD.thoroughlyA.atB.withC.inD.forA.stricken withB.entitled toC.left toD.carried away byA.correspondenceB.incidentC.chanceD.coincidenceA.exposedB.devotedC.revealedD.conc
40、ealedA.On the contraryB.In additionC.As a resultD.In a wordA.withB.onC.inD.atA.assumptionB.consumptionC.presumptionD.acquisitionA.tentativelyB.inclusivelyC.conclusivelyD.exclusivelyA.adaptsB.adoptsC.adjustsD.affordsA.setB.laidC.placedD.putA.bannedB.inhibitedC.barredD.detained公共英语四级-知识运用题(一)答案解析(总分：1
41、00.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Unit 1(总题数：1，分数：20.00)Most Americans spend far more of their leisure time on the mass media than people in any other countries. (1) , most of us hear, see, (2) read some of the media while (3) other activities. Thus an (4) large number of our waking hours are spent with the mass m
42、edia. (5) all the media, television is clearly (6) , with newspapers a close second, as a (7) of news and other information. Our (8) to all media is important, (9) , because all of them contribute materials for the construction of that world in our heads. For most people, increased use of one medium
43、 does not (10) use of another. In fact, in certain cases, and especially for certain purposes, the more one uses one medium, the more (11) one is to use others.There are various (12) that can cause you to (13) yourself to the media (14) , avoiding much of the material with which you disagree. Some o
44、f that selective exposure is probably (15) the psychological pressure you feel to avoid the discomfort caused by confrontation with facts and ideas contrary to your beliefs, attitudes, or behavior. However, some selective exposure is not due to the pressure for consistency but to other factors, such
45、 as your age, education, and even the area in which you live and the people with whom you associate.Quite a few sorts of factors that (16) your media experience is the social context of exposure: whether you are alone or with others when you are exposed to a medium; whether you are at home, at the o
46、ffice, in a theater, and so on. These contexts are as much as a (17) part of the message you will (18) as film image on the screen or words on the page. In addition, that social context affects-both directly and indirectly-the media (19) to which you become exposed. New friends or colleagues get you
47、 interested in different things. Other members of the family often select media content (20) you would not have selected, and you become exposed to it.These various factors have so much influence on your media exposure that so little of that exposure is planned.（分数：20.00）A.In addition B.Of courseC.Y
48、etD.Already解析：解析 此空涉及“In addition”的用法，首先可排除 already，yet 作连词意为“而、然而”，根据词意只能选 A。A.norB.eitherC.andD.or 解析：解析 根据上下文，只有 D 最适当。A.subscribing toB.engaging in C.hanging onD.indulging in解析：解析 从句意上可排除 A、C、D，A 表示“订阅”：D 是习惯用法，意为“纵容、放纵、沉迷”；C 指“坚持”。A.extensivelyB.extremely C.speciallyD.constantly解析：解析 本题测试副词辨析，根
49、据句意分析，B 项 extremely 意为“极端，过分地”，为正确答案；而 A 项 extensively 意为“广大地”；C 项 specially 意为“尤其”；D 项 constantly 意为“持续地”；均词意不合。A.AtB.InC.Of D.For解析：解析 本题考核介词搭配，应与下文结合起来考虑。本句实际上是将介词短语提前了，可还原为：television is clearly dominant of all the media. in all 意为“总共”；for all 意为“就而言”；at all 意为“根本”。A.magnificentB.significantC.dominant D.prominent解析：解析 significant 意为“重大的，重要的”；dominant 是动词，意为“显著的，最主要的，支配的”；magnificent 意为“壮丽、宏伟”；prominent 意为“突出的，杰出的”。A.originB.baseC.discoveryD.source 解析：解析 根据空格前后语义，答案应为 D，意为“来源”，代入后，该短语意义为“新闻的来源”；A 为“起源”；B、C 不合句意。A.accessB.exposure C.meansD.expectation解析：A.there
