1、公共英语四级-423 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Listening (总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Part A(总题数：1，分数：5.00)The one who is studying in Elizabeths class is 1.（分数：5.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_三、Part B(总题数：1，分数：5.00)The two poems were written between_.（分数：5.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_四、Part C
2、(总题数：3，分数：10.00)Questions 11-13 are based on the following monologue introducing the Curies. You ,now have 15 seconds to read Questions 11-13.（分数：3.00）(1).When were the first x-rays discovered?|（分数：1.00）A.A In 1894.B.B In 1895.C.C In 1904.D.D In 1911.(2).Where did Made and Pierre Curie meet each oth
3、er?（分数：1.00）A.In London.B.In Hamburg.C.In Paris.D.In Rome.(3).When was Marie awarded the Nobel Prize?（分数：1.00）A.In 1904.B.In 1911.C.In 1934.D.Both A and BQuestions 14-16 are based on the following monologue introducing the development of vaccines. You now have 15 seconds to read Questions 14-16.（分数：
4、3.00）(1).What was the first step in fighting against infectious disease?（分数：1.00）A.The discovery of a vaccine.B.A powerful injection.C.The help of a milkmaid.D.The help from government.(2).Who first showed that germs caused disease?（分数：1.00）A.Edward Jenner.B.Lady Montague.C.Louis Pasteur.D.Robert Ko
5、ch.(3).When was a rabies vaccine developed?（分数：1.00）A.In 1976.B.In 1867.C.In 1881.D.In 1882.Questions 17-20 are based on the following monologue introducing the “Clovis first“ theory. You now have 20 seconds to read Questions 17-20.（分数：4.00）(1).Why are “Clovis people“ believed to first enter North A
6、merica?（分数：1.00）A.Some fossils have been discovered.B.They were found to have lived in the area known as the refuge during the ice age.C.Some spear points were discovered.D.It is in accordance with the biblical explanation.(2).According to the “Clovis first“ theory, when did people travel to North A
7、merica?（分数：1.00）A.30,000years ago.B.13,000 years ago.C.14,000 years ago.D.20,000 years ago.(3).What is the alternative route of entry?（分数：1.00）A.The land bridge between Siberia and Alaska.B.Western Canada.C.Wales IslandD.The Pacific coast.(4).Which of the following words can best describe the author
8、s attitude in writing the article?（分数：1.00）A.Informative.B.Optimistic.C.Convincing.D.Enthusiastic.五、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：20.00)By the 1820s in the United States, when steamboats were common on western waters, these boats were mostly powered by engines built in the West (Pittsburgh, Cincinnati
9、, or Louisville), and of a distinctive western design specially suited to western needs. The first steam engines (21) practical use in England and the United States were (22) low-pressure design. This was the type first (23) by James Watt, then manufactured by the firm of Boulton and Watt. Steam was
10、 (24) in a large, double-acting vertical cylinder, but the steam reached only a few pounds of pressure per square inch. It was low-pressure engines of this type that (25) first introduced into the United States by Robert Fulton. He (26) such a Boulton and Watt engine from England to run the Clermont
11、. But this type of engine was ,expensive and complicated, (27) many precision-fitted moving parts.The engine that became standard on western steamboats was of a different and (28) design. It was the work primarily of an unsung hero of American industrial progress, Oliver Evans (1755-1819), the (29)
12、son of a Delaware farmer. Evans early became (30) by the possibilities of mechanized production and steam power. As early as 1802 he (31) a stationary steam engine of high-pressure design in his mill. Engines of this type were not (32) , but before Evans they were generally considered (33) and dange
13、rous. Within a decade the high-pressure engine, the new type, had become standard on western waters. Critics (34) of western conditions often attacked it as wasteful and dangerous.But people who really knew the Ohio, the Missouri, and the Mississippi (35) , with good reasons, that it was the only en
14、gine for them. In (36) western rivers the weight of vessel and engine (37) important; a heavy engine added to the problem of navigation. The high-pressure engine was (38) lighter in proportion to horsepower, and, with less than half as many moving parts, was much easier and cheaper to repair. The ma
15、in advantages of low-pressure engines were safe operation and (39) of fuel consumption, (40) of which meant much in the West（分数：20.00）A.onB.byC.forD.inA.withB.ofC.onD.inA.discoveredB.plannedC.developedD.madeA.communicatedB.accumulatedC.manipulatedD.formulatedA.isB.wasC.areD.wereA.importedB.exportedC
16、.transportedD.reportedA.enquiringB.acquiringC.requiringD.questingA.novelB.uniqueC.normalD.tenderA.educatingB.self-educatingC.educationD.self-educatedA.possessedB.proceededC.obsessedD.oppressedA.was usingB.has usedC.usingD.was usedA.knownB.knowingC.unknowingD.unknownA.impossibleB.impracticalC.imprope
17、rD.importantA.ignoranceB.ignorantC.ignoreD.ignoramusA.insistedB.consistedC.resistedD.persistedA.dirtyB.narrowC.shortD.shallowA.isB.areC.wasD.wereA.farB.veryC.moreD.greatA.financeB.economyC.moneyD.costA.eitherB.eachC.neitherD.all六、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)七、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)八、Passage 1(总题
18、数：1，分数：5.00)The period of adolescence, i. e., the person between childhood and adulthood, may be long or short, depending on social expectations and on societys definition as to what constitutes maturity and adulthood. In primitive societies adolescence is frequently a relatively short period 6f tim
19、e, while in industrial societies with patterns of prolonged education coupled with laws against child labor, the period of adolescence is much longer and may include most of the second decade of ones life. Furthermore, the length of the adolescent period and the definition of adulthood status may ch
20、ange in a given society as social and economic conditions change. Examples of this type of change are the disappearance of the frontier in the latter part of the nineteenth century in the United States, and more universally, the industrialization of an agricultural society.In modem society, ceremoni
21、es for adolescence have lost their formal recognition and symbolic significance and there no longer is agreement as to what constitutes initiation ceremonies. Social ones have been replaced by a sequence of steps that lead to increased recognition and social status. For example, primary school gradu
22、ation, high school graduation and college graduation constitute such a sequence, and while each step implies certain behavioral changes and social recognition, the significance of each depends on the socio-economic status and the educational ambition of the individual. Ceremonies for adolescence hav
23、e also been replaced by legal definitions of status roles, rights, privileges and responsibilities, It is during the nine years from the twelfth birthday to the twenty-first that the protective and restrictive aspects of child-hood and minor status are removed and adult privileges and responsibiliti
24、es are granted. The twelve-year-old is no longer considered a child and has to pay full fare for train, airplane, theater and movie tickets. Basically, the individual at this age loses childhood privileges without gaining significant adult rights. At the age of sixteen the adolescent is granted cert
25、ain adult rights which increase his social status by providing him with more freedom and choices. He now can obtain a drivers license; he can leave public schools; and he can work without the restrictions of child labor laws. At the age of eighteen the law provides adult responsibilities as well as
26、rights; the young man can now be a soldier, but he also can marry without parental permission. At the age of twenty-one the individual obtains his full legal rights as an adult. He now can vote, he can buy liquor, he can enter into financial contracts, and he is entitled to run for public office. No
27、 additional basic rights are acquired as a function of age alter majority status has been attained. None of these legal provisions determine at what point adulthood has been reached but they do point tO the prolonged period of adolescence.（分数：5.00）(1).The period of adolescence is much longer in indu
28、strial societies because_.（分数：1.00）A.the definition of maturity has changedB.the industrialized society is more developedC.more education is provided and laws against child labor are madeD.ceremonies for adolescence have lost their formal recognition and symbolic significance(2).Former social ceremo
29、nies that used to mark adolescence have given place to_.（分数：1.00）A.graduations from schools and collegesB.social recognitionC.socio-economic statusD.certain behavioral changes(3).No one can expect to fully enjoy the adulthood privileges until he is _.（分数：1.00）A.eleven years oldB.sixteen years oldC.t
30、wenty-one years oldD.between twelve and twenty-one years old(4).Starting from 22,_.（分数：1.00）A.one will obtain more basic rightsB.the older one becomes, the more basic rights he will haveC.one wont get more basic rights than when he is 21D.one will enjoy more rights granted by society(5).According to
31、 the passage, it is true that_.（分数：1.00）A.in the late 19th century in the United States the dividing line between adolescence and adulthood no longer existedB.no one can marry without the permission of his parents until the age of twenty-oneC.one is considered to have reached adulthood when he has a
32、 drivers licenseD.one is not free from the restrictions of child labor laws until he can join the army九、Passage 2(总题数：1，分数：5.00)Galaxies are the major building blocks Of the universe: A galaxy is giant family of many millions of stars, and it is held together by its own gravitational field. Most of
33、the material universe is organized into galaxies of stars together with gas and dust.There are three main types of galaxy: spiral, elliptical, and irregular. The Milky Way is a spiral galaxy, a flattish disc of stars with two spiral arms emerging from its central nucleus. About one-quarter of all ga
34、laxies have this shape. Spiral galaxies are well supplied with the interstellar gas in which new stars form: as the rotating spiral pattern sweeps around the galaxy it compresses gas and dust, triggering the formation of bright young stars. The elliptical galaxies have a symmetrical elliptical or sp
35、heroidal shape with no obvious structure. Most of their member stars are very old and since ellipticals are devoid of interstellar gas, no new stars are forming in them. The biggest and brightest galaxies in the universe are ellipticals with masses of about 1013 times that of the sun, these giants m
36、ay frequently be sources of strong radio emission, in which case they are called radio galaxies. About two-thirds of all galaxies are elliptical. Irregular galaxies comprise about one-tenth of all galaxies and they come in many subclasses.Measurement in space is quite different from measurement on E
37、arth. Some terrestrial distances can be expressed as intervals of time, the time to fly from one continent to another or the time it takes to drive to work, for example. By comparison with these familiar yardsticks, the distances to the galaxies are incomprehensibly large, but they too are made more
38、 manageable by using a time calibration, in this case the distance that light travels in one year. On such a scale the nearest giant spiral galaxy, the Andromeda galaxy, is two million light years away. The most distant luminous objects seen by telescopes are probably ten thousand million light year
39、s away. Their light was already halfway here before the Earth even formed. The light from the nearby Virgo galaxy set out when reptiles still dominated the animal world.（分数：5.00）(1).What does the second paragraph mainly discuss?（分数：1.00）A.The Milky Way.B.Major categories of galaxies.C.How elliptical
40、 galaxies are formed.D.Differences between irregular and spiral galaxies.(2).According to the passage, new stars are formed in spiral galaxies due to_.（分数：1.00）A.an explosion of gasB.the compression of gas and dustC.the combining of old starsD.strong radio emissions(3).According to the passage, whic
41、h of the following is NOT true of elliptical galaxies?（分数：1.00）A.They are the largest galaxies.B.They mostly contain old stars.C.They contain a high amount of interstellar gas.D.They have a spherical shape.(4).Which of the following characteristics of radio galaxies is mentioned in the passage?（分数：1
42、.00）A.They are a type of elliptical galaxy.B.They are usually too small to be seen with a telescope.C.They are closely related to irregular galaxies.D.They are not as bright as spiral galaxies.(5).Why does the author mention the Virgo galaxy and the Andromeda galaxy in the third paragraph?（分数：1.00）A
43、.To describe the effect that distance has no visibility.B.To compare the ages of two relatively young galaxies.C.To emphasize the vast distances of the galaxies from Earth.D.To explain why certain galaxies cannot be seen by a telescope.十、Passage 3(总题数：1，分数：5.00)Moviegoers may think history is repeat
44、ing itself this weekend. The summers most anticipated film, Pearl Harbor, which has opened recently, painstakingly recreates the Japanese attack that drew the United States into World War II. But that isnt the films only reminder of the past.Harbor invites comparison to Titanic, the biggest hit of a
45、il time. Like Titanic, Harbor heaps romance and action around a major historical event. Like Titanic, Harbor attempts to create popular global entertainment from a deadly real life. Like Titanic, Harbor costs a pretty penny and hopes to get in even more at the box office. Both Titanic and Pearl Harb
46、or unseal their tales of love and tragedy over more than three hours. Both stories center on young passion, triangles of tension with one woman and two men: In Titanic, Leonardo DiCaprio and Billy Zane compete for the love of the same woman, a high society type played by a British actress named Kate
47、 (Winslet). In Harbor, two pilots (Ben Affelck, Josh Hartnett) fall for the same woman, a nurse played by a British actress named Kate (Beckinsale).The scenes of peril also have similarities. Harbor has a shot in which soldiers cling for dear life as the battleship USS Oklahoma capsizes. The moment
48、is recalled of the Titanics climactic sinking scene in which DiCaprio and Winslet hang from the ocean liner as half of the ship vertically plunges into the water. In Harbor, one of its stars floats atop a piece of debris in the middle of the night, much like Winslets character does in Titanic. And t
49、he jaw dropping action of Titanic is matched by Harbors 40 minute recreation of Dec. 7,1941 attack on the United States Pacific Fleet. Both films spent heavily on special effects. Harbor director, Michael Bay, for example, says.he kept salaries down so more could be spent on the visuals. Both movies shot their ship sinking scenes at the same location: Fox Studios
