1、公共英语四级-153 及答案解析(总分：62.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：20.00)In 1942, the HMS Edinburgh was sunk in the Barents Sea. It was on its 1 back to Britain with ninety-one boxes of Russian gold. 2 thirty-nine years it lay there, too deep for divers to 3 . No one was allowed to explode it, eithe
2、r, since the bodies of sixty of the crew also lay in the 4 . Then, in 1981, an ex-diver called Jessop decided to try using new diving techniques. 5 he could not afford to finance the 6 which was going to cost four million pounds, he had to look for people who were 7 to take the risk. 8 , they were n
3、ot even sure the gold was going to be there! First a Scottish diving company, then a German shipping company agreed to join in the retrieval 9 . Not long after that, Jessop 10 a fourth company to take a 11 . Since the gold was the 12 of the British and the Soviet governments, they both hoped to make
4、 a 13 , too! The biggest problem was how to get. 14 the gold. Fortunately, they were able to examine the Edinburgh“s sister ship, the HMS Belfast , to 15 out the exact location of the bomb room, 16 the gold was stored. They knew it was to be an extremely difficult and dangerous undertaking. To reach
5、 the gold, they would have to cut a large square 17 the body of the ship, go through the empty fuel tank and down to the bomb room. After twenty-eight dives, they 18 to find the first bar. Everyone worked 19 the clock, helping to clean and stack the gold, 20 as to finish the job as quickly as possib
6、le.（分数：20.00）A.roadB.pathC.wayD.passageA.DuringB.ForC.AtD.SinceA.findB.discoverC.diveD.reachA.wreckB.ruinC.relicD.wasteA.AlthoughB.UnlessC.AsD.IfA.researchB.operationC.movementD.searchA.willingB.lucklyC.committedD.engagedA.All in allB.In additionC.In caseD.After allA.assignmentB.temptationC.attemptD
7、.commissionA.introducedB.persuadedC.associatedD.stimulatedA.chanceB.lookC.measureD.choiceA.businessB.estateC.obligationD.propertyA.profitB.benefitC.successD.welfareA.aboutB.aroundC.toD.fromA.getB.takeC.workD.tryA.whichB.whereC.hereD.thereA.onB.inC.amongD.alongA.managedB.achievedC.succeededD.fulfille
8、dA.beforeB.byC.withD.roundA.thatB.muchC.farD.so二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Passage 1(总题数：1，分数：4.00)Marion Brando is the overwhehningly outstanding creative artist among contemporary American film actors. Kirk Douglas can sometimes match Brando in force, but he lacks B
9、rando“s subtlety and pathos“; Burt Lancaster has comparable ambition but small talent. Brando begins with a good actor“s instrument - his body. Not a huge man, he is both solid and lithe. We are, perhaps, too much aware of the basic physical effect of his chest partially covered by a torn undershirt
10、. But, more to the point, Marlon Brando seems to carry in him a silently humming dynamo of energy, bridled and instantly ready. Whenever he moves, something seems to impend. Indisputably, there is in acting an element that is often called star quality; in Brando, it is this constant hint of possible
11、 lightning. Actors, even more than most artists, are restricted by their personalities, but Brando strives to expand as far as possible, to use himself in playing other people rather than to bring those people to himself. In The Young Lions, for instance, we can see at once that he has caught perfec
12、tly the stiff cordiality, the slightly declamatory speech, the somewhat angular movements, the charm and the consciousness of charm that create another man - Diestl - for us. Yet, Brando shows us that paradox which is part of the fascination of acting because he is also always and unmistakably Brand
13、o, not some flavorless hack with a wig and a putty nose and a laboriously disguised voice. Brando has evolved a personal style which relies largely on understatement and the liberal use of pauses. Often the effect is heartbreaking; remember the poignancy he evoked from the vapid monosyllabic “Wow“ i
14、n On the Waterfront, when he realized that his brother was threatening his life. Occasionally, his style lapses out of meaning and into mannerism; some of Sayonara could have used compression. But in essence, Brando reflects in his style - as actors often do - the prevalent artistic vein of his day.
15、 Kemble exemplified the classic, elegant 18th century; Kean, the wild, torrential romantics of the early 19th century; Irving, the elaborate majesty of the late Victorians. I compare Brando to these luminaries only to draw a parallel. He is a taciturn realist: an epitome not of that joyous, realisti
16、c revolution which swept away the humbug that had obscured the contours of the world, but of that generation, born into realism, which has seen its world with harsh clarity, and whose work is to reconcile itself to that world“s revealed boundaries and to find its triumphs inwardly.（分数：4.00）(1).The a
17、uthor suggests that Brando“s success as an actor is due, in part, to _.（分数：0.80）A.his great sizeB.his manly chestC.his magnetic voiceD.the physical impression which he creates(2).Brando“s success is evidenced by his ability to _.（分数：0.80）A.modulate his voice as well as change his appearance for any
18、role he may playB.retain his own personality while playing other peopleC.“become“ the character he portraysD.utilize make-up effectively(3).Brando“s style is characterized by _.（分数：0.80）A.understatementB.the liberal use of pausesC.Both A and BD.Neither A nor B(4).The artistic vein of the 20th centur
19、y is _.（分数：0.80）A.realismB.wild romanticismC.elaborate majestyD.classic elegance(5).Marion Brando symbolizes an artistic generation _.（分数：0.80）A.of conformistsB.that is incredibly romanticC.that is in the throes of revolutionD.which must reconcile itself to the realism of this world五、Passage 2(总题数：1
20、，分数：4.00)Every man is a philosopher. Every man has his own philosophy of life and his special view of the universe. Moreover, his philosophy is important, more important perhaps than be himself knows. It determines his treatment of friends and enemies, his conduct when alone and in society, his atti
21、tude to wards his home ,his work, and his country, his religious beliefs, his ethical standards, his social adjustment and his personal happiness. Nations, too, through the political or military party in power, have their philosophers of thought and actions. Wars are waged and revolutions incited be
22、cause of the clash of ideologies, the conflict of philosophies, h has always been so. World War Two is but the latest and most dramatic illustration of the combustible nature of differences in social and political philosophy. Philosophy, says Plato, begins with wonder. We wonder about the destructiv
23、e fury of earthquake, floods, storms, drought, pestilence, famine and fire, the mysteries of birth and death, pleasure and pain, change and permanence, cruelty and kindness, instincts and ideals, mind and body, the size of the universe and man“s place in it. Our questions are endless. What is man? W
24、hat is Nature? What is justice? What is duty? Alone among the animals man is concerned about his origin and end ,about his purposes and goals, about the meaning of life and the nature of reality. He alone distinguishes between beauty and ugliness, good and evil, the better and the worse. He may be a
25、 member of the animal kingdom, but he is also a citizen of the world ideas and values. Some of man“s questions have been answered. Where the answer is clear, we call it science or art and move to higher ground and a new vista of the world. Many of our questions, however, will never have final answer
26、s. Men will always discuss the nature of justice and right, the significance of evil, the art of government, the relation of mind and matter, the search for truth, the quest for happiness, the idea of God, and the meaning of reality. The human race has reflected so long and often on these problems t
27、hat the same patterns of thought recurs in almost every age. We should know what these thoughts are. We should know what answers have been suggested by those who have most influenced ancient and modern thought. We shall want to do our own thinking and find our own answers. It is, however, neither ne
28、cessary nor advisable to travel alone. Others have helped dispel the darkness, and the light they have kindled may also illuminate our way.（分数：4.00）(1).By saying“ Every man is a philosopher“ (Line 1, Paragraph 1), the author implies that（分数：0.80）A.everybody can know and use philosophic theories well
29、 enough to deal with the world.B.philosophy will help everybody to deal with the world though he is not a philosopher.C.everybody has his own views of life and they will practice these views in the world.D.it is important for everybody to know and use philosophy to deal with the world.(2).According
30、to the author, what is the cause for wars?（分数：0.80）A.The differences of political power.B.The differences of military power.C.The differences of the people“s nature.D.The differences of social and political philosophy.(3).According to Plato ,philosophy is originated from（分数：0.80）A.thinking and quest
31、ioning about various phenomena occurred.B.the dread of disasters.C.the origin of human being.D.the development of advanced technology.(4).In what ways human beings are different from other animals?（分数：0.80）A.Human beings are concerned with their origins.B.Human beings can think and value.C.Human bei
32、ngs can distinguish good from evil.D.Human beings have evolved over long time.(5).According to the text, which of the following is true?（分数：0.80）A.We should think on our own when reflecting on the philosophical problems of the world.B.We should cooperate with others when reflecting on the philosophi
33、cal problems of the world.C.The thoughts and answers of the philosophical problems provided by others will guide us.D.We should travel around in order to reflect on the philosophical problems of the world.六、Passage 3(总题数：1，分数：5.00)Birds that are literally half-asleep-with one brain hemisphere alert
34、and the other sleeping- control which side of the brain remains awake, according to a new study of sleeping ducks. Earlier studies have documented half-brain sleep in a wide range of birds. The brain hemi- spheres take turns sinking into the sleep stage characterized by slow brain waves. The eye con
35、- trolled by the sleeping hemisphere keeps shut, while the wakeful hemisphere“ s eye stays open and alert. Birds also can sleep with both hemispheres resting at once. Decades of studies of bird flocks led researchers to predict extra alertness in the more vulnerable, end-or-the-row sleepers. Sure en
36、ough, the end birds tended to watch carefully on the side away from their companions. Ducks in the inner spots showed no preference for gaze direction. Also, birds dozing(打盹) at the end of the line resorted to single-hemisphere sleep, rather than total relaxation, more often than inner ducks did. Ro
37、tating 16 birds through the positions in a four-duck row, the researchers found outer birds half-asleep during some 32 percent of dozing time versus about 12 percent for birds in internal spots. “We believe this is the first evidence for an animal behaviorally controlling sleep and wakefulness simul
38、taneously in different regions of the brain, “the researchers say. The results provide the best evidence for a long-standing supposition that single-hemisphere sleep evolved as creatures scanned for enemies. The preference for opening an eye on the lookout side could be widespread, he predicts. He“s
39、 seen it in a pair of birds dozing side-by-side in the zoo and in a single pet bird sleeping by a mirror. The mirror-side eye closed as if the reflection were a companion and the other eye stayed open. Useful as half-sleeping might be, it“s only been found in birds and such water mammals(哺乳动物) as do
40、lphins, whales, and seals. Perhaps keeping one side of the brain awake allows a sleeping animal to surface occasionally to avoid drowning. Studies of birds may offer unique insights into sleep. Jerome M. Siegel of the UCLA says he wonders if birds“ half-brain sleep “is just the tip of the iceberg (冰
41、山)”. He speculates that more examples may turn up when we take a closer look at other species.（分数：5.00）(1).A new study on birds“ sleep has revealed that _.（分数：1.00）A.half-brain sleep is found in a wide variety of birdsB.half-brain sleep is characterized by slow brain wavesC.birds can control their h
42、alf-brain sleep consciouslyD.birds seldom sleep with the whole of their brain at rest(2).According to the passage, birds often half sleep because _.（分数：1.00）A.they have to watch out for possible attacksB.their brain hemispheres take turns to restC.the two halves of their brain are differently struct
43、uredD.they have to constantly keep an eye on their companions(3).The example of a bird sleeping in front of a mirror indicates that _.（分数：1.00）A.the phenomenon of birds dozing in pairs is widespreadB.Birds prefer to sleep in pairs for the sake of securityC.even an imagined companion gives the bird a
44、 sense of securityD.a single pet bird enjoys seeing its own reflection in the mirror(4).While sleeping, some water mammals tend to keep half awake in order to _.（分数：1.00）A.alert themselves to the approaching enemyB.emerge from water now and then to breatheC.be sensitive to the ever-changing environm
45、entD.avoid being swept away by rapid currents(5).By “just the tip of the iceberg” (Line 2, Para. 8), Siegel suggests that _.（分数：1.00）A.half-brain sleep has something to do with icy weatherB.the mystery of half-brain sleep is close to being solvedC.most birds living in cold regions tend to be half sl
46、eepersD.half-brain sleep is a phenomenon that could exist among other species七、Passage 4(总题数：1，分数：4.00)When he died in April of 1993, Dr. Jeol Hiderbrand was 101 years old, had been married for seventy years, and had taught freshmen chemistry to over 40,000 students. In addition, he had published a
47、popular textbook and dozens of articles, had managed the U.S. Olympic ski team, and had discovered a way to allow deep-sea divers to stay underwater longer. In his own way, Dr. Jeol Hiderbrand was certainly a genius. Dr. Jeol Hiderbrattd“s interest in chemistry began at an early age. In an interview
48、, he once said that his interest formed because he was fortunate enough to be born before there was a television, so he had to make his own decisions about what to pay attention to. Even as a student in high school, Dr. Jeol Hiderbrand had the reputation as the one who learned more chemistry than hi
49、s teacher knew. As a result he was given the keys to the high school chemistry lab, and there he discovered that the correct formula for a certain chemical compound was not the one given in his chemistry book but a totally different one. Dr. Jeol Hiderbrand went on to teach at the University of California at Berkeley and remained there for almost forty years. During that time, Dr. Jeol Hiderbrand discovered that the gas helium could be combined with oxygen for use as diving gas to allow divers to dive deeper and take t
