1、翻译资格考试二级实务(口译)5 及答案解析(总分：2.00，做题时间：120 分钟)一、PART 1 English-Chin(总题数：2，分数：1.00)_二、PART 2 Chinese-Engl(总题数：2，分数：1.00)_翻译资格考试二级实务(口译)5 答案解析(总分：2.00，做题时间：120 分钟)一、PART 1 English-Chin(总题数：2，分数：1.00)_正确答案：( 当前在中国，艾滋病毒和艾滋病被视为正在上升的一大威胁。据中国官方估计，中国已有约84 万人感染了艾滋病毒。但截止 2003 年底，仅有 62159 人经检查确诊为艾滋病毒阳性，其余 780000 或
2、更多的艾滋病毒阳性人员的情况并不为公共卫生部门所知，当事人自己对此或许也不清楚，这就构成了艾滋病毒进一步传播的重大危险。中国资深官员和在华国际专家都认为，艾滋病毒在中国正从一些特定群体，如注射吸毒人员和卖淫人员，向普通人群扩散。 不过，中国在观念、政策和资源投入方面已取得了重要的进步。新就任的领导人对改善社会福利，特别是处理艾滋病毒和艾滋病问题加大了投入。中国对艾滋病问题做出了更加积极的反应，包括了实行全国性的救治计划。新的方针鼓励“四免一关怀”，即对贫困患者药品免费，检查和治疗免费，防止母婴传染治疗免费，艾滋病孤儿上学免费，以及关怀感染艾滋病毒和艾滋病的家庭等。中国的高级领导人还承诺执行减轻
3、危害的政策，比如鼓励吸毒者使用安全套，针具以旧换新，以及进行美莎酮替代疗法等。 严峻的挑战还在前面，尽管中国已取得很多积极进展，但要战胜艾滋病，在政治、技术和标准方面还面临着十分艰巨的挑战。就规划、成本、后勤、人力资源、技术能力以及艾滋病羞耻所引起的普遍问题来看，其规模之大，问题之严重，无论如何强调都不过分。这里仅举几例：脆弱和不完整的全国性艾滋病毒检查和监测系统，破败而难以发挥作用的公共卫生系统，特别在农村地区，以及在为艾滋病毒和艾滋病感染者提供正常的诊断、咨询、救治、监测和照顾方面严重缺少合格工作人员，必要的设备和技术。 在美国的评论家认为，解决好中国的艾滋病问题，需要中国国内和国际上的高
4、层继续发挥领导作用。关心此事的美国决策人士，各国领导人和国际组织的负责人应把制订近期和中期措施作为工作重点，促使中国领导层继续关注艾滋病毒、艾滋病和公共卫生问题。中国巨大的结构和组织缺陷必须系统地加以整顿。如果不能执行一项策略上更加协调的计划将可能随着时间的推移失去国际上对它的支持。预防和宣传应在中国的抗击艾滋病毒和艾滋病的全国计划中处在更明显的地位。而通过教育和医疗专业人员的训练而开展人力资源的开发更是十分重要的。)解析： 本文是关于中国艾滋病问题的评论，内容涉及中国艾滋病的现状和对策。本文要求应试者具有一定医学方面的专门知识，这些知识构成考查应试者基本素质的内容，在较为短暂的时间内，应试者
5、还需对复杂的长难句做出判断，使翻译不仅信息完整正确，还要基本符合汉语习惯。在此基础上，应试者还要对文中的某些单词或短语做出判断，使其翻译不仅正确还要符合上下文语境的需要。 【基本素质采分点】 1HIVAIDS 艾滋病病毒艾滋病 2HIVpositive 艾滋病毒阳性 3methadone substitution therapy 美莎酮替代疗法 【结构理解采分点】 1 The remaining HIV-positive persons in China，estimated at 780,000 persons or more，are not known to public health au
6、thorities，and the individuals themselves probably do not know their status，posing significant risks for the further spread of HIV该句是用 and 连缀的并列句。在连缀信息上，分词起了重要作用，前半句使用了过去分词做定语，后半句使用现在分词做状语。翻译时，可随汉语习惯，将分词短语部分变为简短分句。因此，原句可译为“其余 780000 或更多的艾滋病毒阳性人员的情况并不为公共卫生部门所知，当事人自己对此或许也不清楚，这就构成了艾滋病毒进一步传播的重大危险。” 2 New
7、 leaders have emerged in China with a stronger commitment to improving social welfare and to addressing HIVAIDS in particular原句中 have emerged 本为全句谓语，但在译文中为避免重复罗嗦，可略去不译，这就需要将原文中 with a stronger commitment 介词短语用做译文的谓语为“加大投入”，因此原句可译为“新就任的领导人对改善社会福利，特别是处理艾滋病毒和艾滋病问题加大了投入。” 3 In spite of many positive dev
8、elopments，daunting challengespolitical，technical，and normativelie ahead for China to combat HIVAIDS该句中固定表达 in spite of 可根据中文习惯译为“尽管但是”，因此，原句可译为“尽管中国已取得很多积极进展，但要战胜艾滋病，在政治、技术和标准方面还面临着十分艰巨的挑战。” 4 It is difficult to overstate the scale and challenges in terms of planning，costs，logistics，human resources，
9、technical capacity，and the pervasive problems posed by stigma根据中文可将较长的补充修饰成分前置的特点，将原句中in terms of 短语内容置于译文句首。因此，原句可译为“就规划、成本、后勤、人力资源、技术能力以及艾滋病羞耻所引起的普遍问题来看，其规模之大，问题之严重，无论如何强调都不过分。” 5 For engaged US policymakers，as well as country leaders and heads of international organizations，priority should lie in
10、 nearto mediumterm steps which sustain Chinese leaderships focus on HIVAIDS and public health原文中主语是抽象名词 priority，根据汉语表达直观、具体的特点，可将原文句首的 for介词短语用做全句主语。因此，原句可译为“关心此事的美国决策人士，各国领导人和国际组织的负责人应把制定近期和中期措施作为工作重点，促使中国领导层继续关注艾滋病毒、艾滋病和公共卫生问题。” 【言语表达采分点】 1infected with HIV 感染艾滋病病毒 2pose significant risks for 对构成
11、重大危险 3resource commitment 资源投入 4proactive 更为积极的 5four frees and one care 四免一关怀 6needle exchange 针具以旧换新 7daunting challenge 严峻的挑战 8surveillance system 监测系统 9address HIVAIDS 解决艾滋病问题 10near-to medium-term 近期和中期_正确答案：( 贝多芬是一个不幸的天才。他有很多不能用语言表达的深沉情感，但他找到了用音乐表达这些情感的方法，从而产生了一种新的表现力极强的音乐。 贝多芬于 1770 年生于德国的波恩。
12、他的父亲是教堂唱诗班的歌手，不久就发现儿子身上的音乐天分，认为他很可能成为像莫扎特一样的“神童”，为家族带来声望和财富。他逼着儿子长时间地练琴。 莫扎特的父亲很仁慈，但贝多芬的父亲却十分暴躁，经常对他动粗。他还不能正常地挣钱养家，这使得贝多芬很小就挑起了家庭的重担。贝多芬 15 岁时就在教堂担任助理风琴师，挣钱养家。 他的老师和朋友对他很好，后来又有幸在波恩的歌剧院谋到乐队中提琴手的位置。在那里他接触了莫扎特的歌剧和其他作曲家的作品，并对各种乐器及其相互配合有了了解。这段经历对他日后创作音乐极其宝贵。 贝多芬决定去维也纳学习，波恩的主教为他提供盘缠，好友也为他给维也纳的望族写了推荐信。贝多芬是
13、个出色的钢琴演奏家，也会演奏小提琴和多种弦乐乐器。维也纳的乐迷很快就爱上了这位音乐演奏家，但对他所做的乐曲却每每报以批评，认为它太过于另类。 很快维也纳人就意识到贝多芬是一个不可多得的天才，并千方百计地把他留住。当贝多芬接到聘书要到另一个城市担任乐队指挥时，三个维也纳贵族决定联合起来付给他固定薪水。贝多芬终于留了下来，继续从事大型交响乐，协奏曲，钢琴奏鸣曲和其他音乐创作。 但是，除了献身音乐外，贝多芬活得并不幸福。他在不到30 岁时听力就开始减退，这对一个搞音乐的人来说是巨大的不幸。耳聋来的还算缓慢，使他在 44 岁前还能参加音乐会演出。但是，当 10 年后他的伟大的第九交响乐首演时，他已经什
14、么也听不见了。他坐在舞台上看着指挥，却把背对着观众。一个歌手帮他转过身来，使他看到了观众正在为他的宏大的作品热情地鼓掌。 贝多芬是个性情孤僻的人，他多次恋爱，但从未成家。耳聋限制他出门社交，使他变得更加孤独。但他通过音乐战胜了孤独和耳聋，在完全失聪的情况下，他依旧不断创造着他只能在心灵中才能听到的音乐，倾诉着无法用语言诉说的情感。)解析： 本文主要讲述音乐巨匠贝多芬的生平。侧重讲述他的成长历程，挖掘了他的内心世界。 本文谈论的话题只需有普通的地名和音乐常识，但本文要求考查应试者在短时间内恰当理解英文结构的能力和准确翻译英语术语的能力。总之，此文的翻译将显示应试者的英文口译功底。 【基本素质采分
15、点】 1Beethoven 贝多芬 2Bonn 波恩(德国城市) 3Church choir 教堂唱诗班 4Mozart 莫扎特 5Vienna 维也纳 6Archbishop 主教 7concerto 协奏曲 8piano sonata 钢琴奏鸣曲 9Ninth Symphony 第九交响曲(贝多芬名曲之一) 【结构理解采分点】 1He found the way to express these feelings in music，and this led to a new kind of music that is expressive该句的翻译要妥善处理 and this 指代关系，其
16、实该指代关系表明了前后的因果关系，因此，原句可译为“但他找到了用音乐表达这些情感的方法，从而产生了一种新的表现力极强的音乐。” 2The father thought that Ludwig might be another wonderchild，like Mozart，and that he would make the familys name and fortune该句是复合句，含有两个 that 引导的宾语从句。该句的翻译要求将后置的修饰性表达放在它所修饰部分的前面，如对“like Mozart”的处理，因此，该句可译为“他的父亲认为他很可能成为像莫扎特一样的神童，为家族带来声望和财
17、富。” 3 When Beethoven had an offer to go to another city as an orchestra conductor，three noblemen of Vienna banded together to pay him a regular income every year if he would stay with them该句的翻译要注意可根据上下文情景，适当减词，如原句中最后 if 从句根据上下文可以省略，以免翻译的重复罗嗦。因此，原句可译为“当贝多芬接到聘书要到另一个城市担任乐队指挥时，三个维也纳贵族决定联合起来付给他固定薪水。” 4 B
18、ut he rose above his loneliness and deafness through his music该句的结构很简单，但要处理好rise above 的确切译法，此处，根据上下文可意译为“战胜”。因此，原句可译为“但他通过音乐战胜了孤独和耳聋。” 5 Even when he was totally deaf, he went on creating music that he could not hear except in his mind，expressing all the feelings he could not express to anyone in w
19、ords原句是复合句，含有 even when 引导的状语从句，根据汉语语言习惯，when 表达的“当时”，一般不译出，或改换为符合习惯的其他表达方式。因此，原句可译为“在完全失聪的情况下，他依旧不断创造着他只能在心灵中才能听到的音乐，倾诉着无法用语言诉说的情感。” 【言语表达采分点】 1expressive 有表现力的 2wonder-child 神童 3name 名誉 4support the family 挣钱养家 5take a great deal of responsibility 承担很大的责任 6be valuable to 对有价值 7adopt 接纳 8make every
20、 effort to 尽一切努力 9lonely 孤独的(这里指性格孤僻的) 10enthusiastic 热情的，热烈的二、PART 2 Chinese-Engl(总题数：2，分数：1.00)_正确答案：( Todays world is based on rule of law. The prosperity of a nation, the flourishing of its political life, the stability of its society, the development of its economy, the unity of its ethnic comm
21、unities, the thriving of its culture and the well-being and happiness of its people, all hinge on the maintenance of law and order and the integrity of the legal system. China is no exception. What a nation adopts for its national strategy will have a lot to do with its future and destiny. Towards t
22、he end of 20th century, China, a country of 1.2 billion people, made it clear to the world that it would run the country in accordance with law, and has since taken solid steps forward along this path. A system of laws that meets the needs of the socialist market economy is taking shape. A reform th
23、at transforms the functions of government and makes administration more strictly law-based is under way in an orderly fashion. A judicial restructuring that aims to ensure greater justice and efficiency is deepening steadily. And a grand social campaign that educates the hundreds of millions in the
24、importance of the law is proceeding into greater depth. As you know, the constitution of a country is the most important and most fundamental legal guarantee for its economic development. In the early years of New China, public ownership emerged as the dominant form of ownership after the socialist
25、transformation of agriculture, handcraft and capitalist industry and commerce, and the private ownership had no lawful status. Planned economy became the dominant mode of the economy, and enterprises had no right to operate their businesses independently. Distribution according to work became the do
26、minant mode of distribution, and citizens had no income from other sources. Under such an economic system, Chinas economy developed at a snails pace. In 1978, China launched its reform and opening up program. In 1988, the country amended its constitution for the first time, recognizing the lawful st
27、atus of the private economy. In 1993, it amended the constitution again, making it clear that the state practiced the socialist market economy. These amendments have promoted both the public and private sectors of the economy, boosted Chinas comprehensive national strength, improved the quality of l
28、ife of its people, and brought profound changes to Chinas political, economic and social life.)解析： 本文主要讨论中国法制建设，深入分析了中国法制建设的思路，说明了法制建设的过程和展望。本文要求应试者具有相关中国政治方面的概念常识，能够正确理解并翻译某些术语，这些知识构成基本素质的考查点。此外，应试者还需根据英语语言习惯，重新整理中文句子结构，在此基础上，应试者要灵活处理对某些单词或短语的翻译，使之不仅正确，还应符合上下文语境的要求。 【基本素质采分点】 1司法体制改革 judicial restr
29、ucturing 2宪法 constitution 3公有制 public ownership 4计划经 济 planned economy 5按劳分配 distribution according to work 6改革开放 reform and opening up 7社会主义市场经济 socialist market economy 【结构理解采分点】 1 国运之兴盛，政治之昌明，社会之稳定，经济之发展，民族之团结，文化之繁荣，人民之安居乐业，都离不开法律之维系和法律之保障。该句的信息量很大，根据其句式特点和口译对时间的要求，可将句子前部分的七个短语译为并列主语，使句子最后一部分充当谓宾
30、成分。因此，原句可译为“The prosperity of a nation，the flourishing of its political life，the stability of its society。the development of its economy，the unity of its ethnic communities，the thriving of its culture and the well-being and happiness of its people，all hinge on the maintenance of law and order and th
31、e integrity of the legal system” 2 一项把法律交给亿万人民的宏大社会工程正在深入持久地进行。该句先确定主语部分为“宏大社会工程”，中文句子有时前置定语过长，翻译时需要使用定语从句、非谓语动词短语等形式变为后置定语。因此，原句可译为“And a grand social campaign that educates the hundreds of millions in the importance of the law is proceeding into greater depth” 3 新中国成立初期，对农业、手工业和资本主义工商业完成社会主义改造后，公有
32、制成了主要所有制模式，私有经济没有合法的地位。该句需要根据原文的逻辑特点，最后一部分分句与前面部分意思相对松散，确定使用并列句的句式，并将句中“对改造后”的译文放在分句主干结构后面，以突出句子的主要结构和内容，这与汉语将修饰部分往往前置的特点恰恰相反。因此，原句可译为“In the early years of New China，public ownership emerged as the dominant form of ownership after the socialist transformation of agriculture，handcraft and capitalist
33、 industry and commerce，and the private ownership had no lawful status” 4 1998 年，中国对现行宪法进行第一次修正，确认了私有经济的合法地位。为使译文紧凑，使用简单句表达，原结构中另一个动词短语“确认”以分词短语形式出现，在句中做状语。因此，原句可译为“In 1988，the country amended its constitution for the first time，recognizing the lawful status of the private economy” 5 宪法的变革，促进了公有经济和私有
34、经济的共同发展，促进了国家综合国力的增强和人民生活的改善，给中国的政治、经济、社会生活带来了深刻变革。该句信息量大，根据多为动宾词组的特点，可考虑使用并列谓语。因此，原句可译为“These amendments have promoted both the public and private sectors of the economy, boosted Chinas comprehensive national strength，improved the quality of life of its people，and brought profound changes to Chinas
35、 political，economic and social life” 【言语表达采分点】 1治国方略 national strategy 2依法治国 run the country in accordance with law 3转变政府职能 transform the functions of the government 4严格依法行政 make administration strictly law-based 5正在进行 be under way 6公正与效率 justice and efficiency 7经营自主权 fight to operate business indep
36、endently 8发展非常缓慢 develop at a snails pace 9修正 amendment l0综合国力 comprehensive national strength_正确答案：( When we describe someone as smart, we mean to say that he is intelligent, has a powerful memory and can quickly understand things. It is good to be smart, as it is an asset that we can put to good u
37、se, such as achieving progress, acquiring knowledge, serving the country and the people, and making life better for ourselves and others as well. We have to admit that people are different from one another, and some are really smart. Zhou Enlai, for example, was a smart person. When he was still ver
38、y young, one of his peers said that Zhou was every inch a genius. But, what made him a man of many great achievements? He became such a man with his hard work, strenuous efforts, complete devotion and dedication to the last breath, and his boundless love and loyalty to the country, the Party and the
39、 people he served. Given Chinas vast expanse and huge population, there must be persons who are smarter than Zhou Enlai. Yet how many of them have left a profound memory in peoples hearts and minds as Zhou Enlai? It would be best if a smart person could complement his smartness with hard work, which
40、 is the surest path to success. But those who can do this often do not regard themselves as smart. On the contrary, they feel that they are not nearly as smart and still need to work really hard. New inventions have invariably come out of the strenuous research of the smart people who summarized the
41、ir experience, tried repeatedly and thought deeply. And none of them has grown naturally and effortlessly out of pure smartness. Without hard work, even a smart person cannot accomplish anything. Not trying to work hard is in itself not a smart thing to do. Success lies, first and foremost, in hard
42、work, not smartness. After all, where does smartness come from? One cannot deny the hereditary element. But if a smart boy should be denied of schooling, and all the training that he would have as he grows up, I am afraid his smartness would not last long. In most circumstances, however, a persons s
43、martness is acquired through his hard work.)解析： 本文讨论什么是真正的聪明，文章从聪明的优势谈起，以举例和对比的方法深化主题，最后文章的落脚点是本文最后一句话，即人的聪明是经过后天的努力培育出来的。 本文是一篇议论文，谈论的主题也是较为普通常见的，因此不涉及专门术语，只需有普通常识即可，但本文要求考查应试者在短时间内使用恰当英文结构和地道英文词汇的能力。总之，此文的翻译将显示口译者的英文功底。 【基本素质采分点】 1聪明 smartness 2获取知识 acquire knowledge 3总结实践经验 summarize our experien
44、ce 4遗传的因素 hereditary element 【结构理解采分点】 1 聪明的人，智力发达、记忆和理解能力也强。原文的表达非常简练。英文翻译在注意保持这一特点的同时，还应补充适当的主语，以使英文句义完整，符合逻辑。因此，原文可译为“When we describe someone as smart，we mean to say that he is intelligent，has a powerful memory and can quickly understand things” 2 聪明是好事，是财富，应好好利用，用于进步，用于获取知识，用于为祖国为人民做好事，为大家也为自己好
45、。原文表达简练，但各部分结构松散。在翻译时，应尽量找出其逻辑关系，确定哪部分可用作英文句的主干部分，哪些部分是从属成分，使用什么引导词来表现其逻辑关系，此外，还应考虑采用固定句型，如“It is good to”，以使译文更为地道。因此，原句可译为“It is good to be smart，as it is an asset that we can put to good use，such as achieving progress，acquiring knowledge，serving the country and the people，and making life better f
46、or ourselves and others as well” 3 中国之大，人口之多，相信比周恩来聪明的人大有人在，但有几个能像周恩来那样永远留在人民心中呢?该句信息量大，翻译该句时需确定各部分之间内在的逻辑关系，考虑采用固定句型，如“given”的使用，使译文精彩地道。因此，原句可译为“Given Chinas vast expanse and huge population，there must be persons who are smarter than Zhou EnlaiYet how many of them have left a profound memory in pe
47、oples hearts and minds as Zhou Enlai?” 4 新的发明创造无不是聪明人总结实践经验，进行反复验证，经过苦思冥想，刻苦钻研出来的，而不是不费气力地依赖聪明自然而然地长出来的。该句仍考查译者如何理解句中逻辑关系，定出主次结构；此外，译者还要考虑“无不是”采用什么地道的英文表达。因此，原句可译为“New inventions have invariably come out of the strenuous research of the smart people who summarized their experience，tried repeatedly and thought deeplyAnd none of them has grown natura
