1、翻译资格考试三级实务(笔译)2 及答案解析(总分：2.00，做题时间：120 分钟)一、PART 1 English-Chin(总题数：1，分数：1.00)1.Passage 1 If you have never seen a power plant, you might find it hard to imagine how enormously complex the equipment is or how much heat is generated by the boilers or how much coal it takes to fuel the furnaces for ju
2、st one day. During the course of a day, the boilers at one of our power plants, Morgantown, for example, can turn 24 million gallons of water into steam. That generating plant alone uses 9,900 tons of coal in its furnaces in just one day. Potomac Electric Power Company (PEPCO) uses so much coal that
3、 we have purchased two 80-car unit trains to facilitate the delivery process. And Morgantown alone can produce over 25 million kilowatthours of electricity in a single days operation. Electricity is produced by spinning large magnets inside a coil of wire within the generator. The faster we spin the
4、 magnets, the higher will be the voltage of the electricity produced. Electricity leaves a PEPCO generator at between 13,800 and 24,000 volts. The next step in the process occurs when electricity passes through a transformer where the voltage is stepped up to continue on its journey. A transmission
5、wire is like a small diameter pipe. Stepping up the voltage is like increasing water pressure, thus speeding the flow of energy through the system. Passage 2 Because the aircraft industry needs ever-increasing quantities of aluminium plate, new equipment has been designed to automate the making of i
6、t. It includes a huge heat-treatment furnace, a crane that lifts hot metal plates without damaging them, and a computer system that can manage the complete flow of work. Five years ago, Europes aircraft industry needed only 8,000 tonnes of aluminium plate a year for its products. Last year the figur
7、e reached 21,800 tonnes. By 2004 it should total 30,000 tonnes. Each airliner contains 180 tonnes of it. That is why the plant is being rebuilt to increase both the quality and the amount of its product. Aluminium is alloyed with other metals and cast into ingots, and the surface of the ingots is sm
8、oothed off. After pre-heating, it is rolled in a mill that can take 3.75-m-wide slabs. The new equipment can make the process more efficient and can produce a better product. For example, computers control the temperature of the hot plates, the rate at which they pass through the mill, the speed of
9、cooling it with water, and so on. The new plant can handle twice the throughput of the one that it is replacing, thanks to the completely automated and computerized process. （分数：1.00）_二、PART 2 Chinese-Engl(总题数：1，分数：1.00)2. 向一位著名的女作家祝贺她八十岁寿辰，这样的机会是不多的，所以我去年十月五日到冰心家里去的时候，心情非常激动。我解释说希望她给我讲一下她是怎样成为诗人的。“
10、我已有多年没有写诗了，”她微笑说，“可是我还是爱读好诗。” 冰心很幸运地有鼓励她学习和写作的父母。一九一九年她在北京一所女子学院念书时，一个事件改变了她生命的整个道路。那就是五四运动，一个由北京学生发动的爱国民主运动。群众游行示威的场面给她以深刻的印象。她投身于斗争中，并被学生会任命负责宣传工作。她写了诗歌、文章和故事，以抨击帝国主义和各种形式的封建主义。 她在 1923年到美国去学文学，在旅途中和在美国居留中写下了她的感受。这些都收在一个集子里出版，就是寄小读者。这本书使她声誉突起。这不仅是因为她是一位女作家，而是因为书中的高尚的情操。有不少较年轻的作家说，是冰心的作品使他们走上了其后所走的
11、道路。 （分数：1.00）_翻译资格考试三级实务(笔译)2 答案解析(总分：2.00，做题时间：120 分钟)一、PART 1 English-Chin(总题数：1，分数：1.00)1.Passage 1 If you have never seen a power plant, you might find it hard to imagine how enormously complex the equipment is or how much heat is generated by the boilers or how much coal it takes to fuel the fu
12、rnaces for just one day. During the course of a day, the boilers at one of our power plants, Morgantown, for example, can turn 24 million gallons of water into steam. That generating plant alone uses 9,900 tons of coal in its furnaces in just one day. Potomac Electric Power Company (PEPCO) uses so m
13、uch coal that we have purchased two 80-car unit trains to facilitate the delivery process. And Morgantown alone can produce over 25 million kilowatthours of electricity in a single days operation. Electricity is produced by spinning large magnets inside a coil of wire within the generator. The faste
14、r we spin the magnets, the higher will be the voltage of the electricity produced. Electricity leaves a PEPCO generator at between 13,800 and 24,000 volts. The next step in the process occurs when electricity passes through a transformer where the voltage is stepped up to continue on its journey. A
15、transmission wire is like a small diameter pipe. Stepping up the voltage is like increasing water pressure, thus speeding the flow of energy through the system. Passage 2 Because the aircraft industry needs ever-increasing quantities of aluminium plate, new equipment has been designed to automate th
16、e making of it. It includes a huge heat-treatment furnace, a crane that lifts hot metal plates without damaging them, and a computer system that can manage the complete flow of work. Five years ago, Europes aircraft industry needed only 8,000 tonnes of aluminium plate a year for its products. Last y
17、ear the figure reached 21,800 tonnes. By 2004 it should total 30,000 tonnes. Each airliner contains 180 tonnes of it. That is why the plant is being rebuilt to increase both the quality and the amount of its product. Aluminium is alloyed with other metals and cast into ingots, and the surface of the
18、 ingots is smoothed off. After pre-heating, it is rolled in a mill that can take 3.75-m-wide slabs. The new equipment can make the process more efficient and can produce a better product. For example, computers control the temperature of the hot plates, the rate at which they pass through the mill,
19、the speed of cooling it with water, and so on. The new plant can handle twice the throughput of the one that it is replacing, thanks to the completely automated and computerized process. （分数：1.00）_正确答案：(Passage 1 如果你从未见过一座发电厂，你可能很难想象发电设备是多么复杂，锅炉能产生多么巨大的热量，而炉子每天又是需要烧多少煤。 举例说，我们的一座发电厂摩根顿发电厂的各台锅炉一天中就能把
20、二千四百万加仑的水化为蒸汽。这座电厂的炉子一天之内就消耗九千九百吨煤。波多马克电力公司(PEPCO)用煤量如此巨大，以致我们专门购置了两列八十节车皮的火车以加速输送煤的过程。仅仅一座摩根顿电厂就能每天生产二千五百万千瓦小时的电。 电是靠使大型磁铁在发电机内的线圈里面转动而产生的。磁铁转速愈高，产生的电压就愈高。电流从波多马克电力公司的发电机出来时，其电压在 13,800伏至 24,000伏之间。 下一道程序是使电流通过一个变压器，把电压提升，并使电继续向前进。一根导线就象一根小口径的水管。把电压升高就象给水加压一样，这样一来就会使这个系统中能量的运动加快。 Passage 2 由于飞机制造工业
21、需要越来越多的铝板，已设计了新的设备把制造铝板的工序自动化。这套设备包括一个巨型的热处理炉，一架可以起吊热的金属板而不至于损坏它们的吊车和一套能控制整个工艺流程的计算机系统。 五年前，欧洲的飞机制造工业每年只需要 8,000吨铝板。去年这个数字增加到 21,800吨。到 2004年它将达到 30,000吨。每架民航飞机就含有 180吨铝板。因此正在对这套设备进行改建，以便提高产品的质量和产量。 铝与其他金属一起被制成合金，铸成锭子，并且把锭子的表面光洁化。预热之后，锭子在一架可以容纳 3.75米宽的平板的轧机中进行轧制。这套新设备可使这个工序提高效率，并能改进产品的质量。举例说，铝板加热的温度
22、，铝板通过轧机的速度，以及用水对它进行冷却的速度等等，都由计算机控制。 由于工序全部自动化和使用计算机控制，这套新设备能够处理两倍于被它代替的旧设备的产量。 )解析：Passage 1 1If you have never seen a power plant，you might find it hard to imagine how enormously complex the equipment is or how much heat is generated by the boilers or how much coal it takes to fuel the furnaces for
23、 just one day如果你从未见过一座发电厂，你可能很难想象发电设备是多么复杂，锅炉能产生多么巨大的热量，而炉子每天又是需要烧多少煤。分析基本素质采分点与理解结构采分点。power plant 固定词组：发电厂；the equipment 根据上下文译成“发电设备”；本句中主句的谓语动词 find后是形式宾语 it，而真正的宾语是动词不定式 to imagine；而imagine后有三个宾语从句，翻译时要用换序译法(将真正宾语提前)、断句译法(将三个 how从句断开译)；还有转态译法即本句中的被动语态译成汉语时要变成主动(how much heat is generated)。 2Dur
24、ing the course of a day，the boilers at one of our power plants，Morgantown，for example，can turn 24 million gallons of water into steam举例说，我们的一座发电厂摩根顿发电厂的各台锅炉一天中就能把二千四百万加仑的水化为蒸汽。分析理解结构采分点。翻译中要注意措词的变换，有时需将笼统的变成具体的，形象的变成抽象的，反之亦然；本句中的 the boilers就应译成具体的“各台锅炉”。 3That generating plant alone uses 9,900 tons
25、 of coal in its furnaces in just one dayPotomac Electric Power Company(PEPCO)uses so much coal that we have purchased two 80-car unit trains to facilitate the delivery process这座电厂的炉子一天之内就消耗九千九百吨煤。波多马克电力公司(PEPCO)用煤量如此巨大，以致我们专门购置了两列八十节车皮的火车以加速输送煤的过程。分析理解结构采分点。翻译中要根据需要增减词义，使得译文语意完整；还要注意语序的调整，使得句子的指代清楚。
26、如本句：That generating plant alone uses 9,900 tons of coal in its furnaces in just one day中的划线部分就可译成：这座电厂的炉子；sothat 句式中要调整好语序；two 80-car unit trains to facilitate the delivery process 中数词后要按汉语习惯加上量词，to facilitate the delivery process也要说清楚是“加速输送煤的过程”。 4And Morgantown alone can produce over 25 million ki
27、lowatthours of electricity in a single days operation仅仅一座摩根顿电厂就能每天生产二千五百万千瓦小时的电。分析用词选词采分点。上面提到翻译中要根据需要增减词义，使得译文语意完整；本句中的 in a single days operation中的划线词在翻译中可不译出。 5The faster we spin the magnets，the higher will be the voltage of the electricity produced磁铁转速愈高，产生的电压就愈高。分析理解结构采分点。本句是 the fasterthe high
28、er比较级结构，可用换序译法；同时前半句中的人称代词不要译出，可使句子的表达更为客观。 6Electricity leaves a PEPCO generator at between 13,800 and 24,000 volts电流从波多马克电力公司的发电机出来时，其电压在 13,800伏至 24,000伏之间。分析理解结构采分点。本句可用断句法翻译。当电流从发电机输出时，其电压在 13,800伏至 24,000伏之间。 7The next step in the process occurs when electricity passes through a transformer wh
29、ere the voltage is stepped up to continue on its journey下一道程序是使电流通过一个变压器，把电压提升，并使电继续向前进。分析理解结构采分点。本句中的被动结构若直译，则不符合汉语习惯，因此将被动变主动：the voltage is stepped up 把电压提升；后面的目的状语也可用断句译法来译。 Passage 2 1Because the aircraft industry needs ever-increasing quantities of aluminium plate，new equipment has been design
30、ed to automate the making of itIt includes a huge heat-treatment furnace，a crane that lifts hot metal plates without damaging them，and a computer system that can manage the complete flow of work由于飞机制造工业需要越来越多的铝板，已设计了新的设备把制造铝板的工序自动化。这套设备包括一个巨型的热处理炉，一架可以起吊热的金属板而不至于损坏它们的吊车和一套能控制整个工艺流程的计算机系统。分析理解结构采分点。第
31、一句的主句采用了转态译法和换序译法，即将句子的结构由被动变为主动，词序也作相应的调整：new equipment has been designed译成“已设计了新的设备”，to automate the making of it 译成“把制造铝板的工序自动化”；第二句开始的 it，要译出它所指代的是什么，以免读者不知所云；后面的 a crane和 a computer system各带了一个定语从句，在翻译中要注意它们的位置；在此只须将它们放到被修饰的名词前即可：“一架可以起吊热的金属板而又不至于损坏它们的吊车和一套能控制整个工艺流程的计算机系统。” 2By 2004 it should t
32、otal 30,000 tonnes到 2004年它将达到 30,000吨。分析用词选词采分点。total译为：总数将达到。 3That is why the plant is being rebuilt to increase both the quality and the amount of its product因此正在对这套设备进行改建，以便提高产品的质量和产量。分析理解结构采分点。本句的翻译要用转态译法：the plant is being rebuilt(正在对这套设备进行改建)；断句译法：the plant is being rebuilt to increase both t
33、he quality and the amount of its product(正在对这套设备进行改建，以便提高产品的质量和产量)和措辞变换 That is why(因此)；to increase both the quality and the amount of its product(以便提高产品的质量和产量)；both按中文习惯不译出。 4Aluminium is alloyed with other metals and cast into ingots，and the surface of the ingots is smoothed off铝与其他金属一起被制成合金，铸成锭子，
34、并且把锭子的表面光洁化。分析理解结构采分点。本句中有三个并列的被动语态结构，翻译时要根据上下文的不同而变换译法：第一个被动结构不变：铝与其他金属一起被制成合金；第二个被动结构译为主动：铸成铝锭；第三个被动结构也译为主动：把铝锭的表面光洁化。 5The new plant can handle twice the throughput of the one that it is replacing，thanks to the completely automated and computerized process由于工序全部自动化和使用计算机控制，这套新设备能够处理两倍于被它代替的旧设备的产量
35、。分析理解结构采分点。因为汉语习惯将原因放在前面，翻译时将原因状语提前。the new plant按上下文应译成“这套新设备”；定语从句 the one that it is replacing翻译时放到被修饰词前，变成一个定语短语。 二、PART 2 Chinese-Engl(总题数：1，分数：1.00)2. 向一位著名的女作家祝贺她八十岁寿辰，这样的机会是不多的，所以我去年十月五日到冰心家里去的时候，心情非常激动。我解释说希望她给我讲一下她是怎样成为诗人的。“我已有多年没有写诗了，”她微笑说，“可是我还是爱读好诗。” 冰心很幸运地有鼓励她学习和写作的父母。一九一九年她在北京一所女子学院念书
36、时，一个事件改变了她生命的整个道路。那就是五四运动，一个由北京学生发动的爱国民主运动。群众游行示威的场面给她以深刻的印象。她投身于斗争中，并被学生会任命负责宣传工作。她写了诗歌、文章和故事，以抨击帝国主义和各种形式的封建主义。 她在 1923年到美国去学文学，在旅途中和在美国居留中写下了她的感受。这些都收在一个集子里出版，就是寄小读者。这本书使她声誉突起。这不仅是因为她是一位女作家，而是因为书中的高尚的情操。有不少较年轻的作家说，是冰心的作品使他们走上了其后所走的道路。 （分数：1.00）_正确答案：( It isnt often that one has the chance to cong
37、ratulate a noted woman writer on her 80th birthday. So on October 5 last year, when I went to Bing Xins house, I felt very excited. I explained that I hoped she would tell me something about how she became a poet. “I havent written poetry for many years,“ she said smiling. “But I still love to read
38、good poetry.“ Bing Xin was fortunate to have parents who encouraged her to study and write. When she was attending a womens college in Beijing in 1919, an event occurred which changed the whole course of her life. That was the May 4th Movement, a patriotic democratic movement started by students in
39、Beijing. The mass demonstrations made a deep impression on her. She threw herself into the struggle and was put in charge of publicity by the Student Union. She wrote poems, articles and stories, attacking imperialism and feudalism in its various forms. Going to the U.S. in 1923 to study literature,
40、 she wrote down her impressions on the way and during her stay there. These were published in the collection To Little Readers. The book brought her instant fame, not only because she was a woman writer, but also because of the noble sentiments in the book. Quite a few younger writers say it was Bin
41、g Xins writings that started them on the road they have since followed. )解析：1向一位著名的女作家祝贺她八十岁寿辰，这样的机会是不多的，所以我去年十月五日到冰心家里去的时候，心情非常激动。It isnt often that one has the chance to congratulate a noted woman writer on her 80th birthdaySo on October 5 last year，when I went to Bing Xins house，I felt very excit
42、ed分析理解表达采分点。原文是四个单句。译成英语时，要根据英语的语法结构和语言习惯进行调整；本句采用并句的技巧将之译为两个句子。前两个单句译为用形式主语 it代替主语从句的结构：It isnt often that后两句用顺译法 So on October 5 last year，when I went to Bing Xins house，I felt very excited 2我解释说希望她给我讲一下她是怎样成为诗人的。I explained that I hoped she would tell me something about how she became a poet分析理解表
43、达采分点。本句用顺译的方法即可，但翻译时需根据英语习惯采用增词技巧；汉语中所用动词在翻译过程中要通过主从复合句的层次来体现：原文中的“解释说”、“希望”、“讲一下”、“成为”译作 I explained that I hoped she would tell me something about how she became a poet 3冰心很幸运地有鼓励她学习和写作的父母。Bing Xin was fortunate to have parents who encouraged her to study and write分析理解表达采分点。汉语中常将定语放在所修饰的中心词前，之间用“的
44、”连接；而在英语中定语常用一个从句来表达，因此本句中的“鼓励她学习和写作的父母”可译作 parents who encouraged her to study and write。 4一九一九年她在北京一所女子学院念书时，一个事件改变了她生命的整个道路。When she was attending a womens college in Beijing in 1919，an event occurred which changed the whole course of her life分析理解表达采分点。本句要采用补译法，因为“改变了她生命的事件”指的是“当时发生的”，所以在译文中按英语习惯
45、加入了 occurred，句子结构也因此有所变化。 5五四运动 the May 4th Movement 分析基本素质采分点。五四运动是个专有名词。 6她在 1923年到美国去学文学，在旅途中和在美国居留中写下了她的感受。Going to the U.S. in 1923 to study literature, she wrote down her impressions on the way and during her stay there分析理解表达采分点。原文是两个单句。译成英语时，要根据英语的语法结构和语言习惯进行调整；本句采用并句法将之译为一个句子；前面一句用分词短语作状语，后面一句做主句。 7这本书使她声誉突起。这不仅是因为她是一位女作家，而是因为书中的高尚的情操。The book brought her instant fame，not only because she was a woman writer，but also because of the noble sentiments in the book分析理解表达采分点。本句可用并句法翻译。因后面的两个单句表原因，可作状语从句；并将之与前面一个句子合并成一个复合句，使得句子结构更为严谨，更符合英语习惯。
