1、公共英语(五级)7 及答案解析(总分：7.00，做题时间：120 分钟)一、Section II Use of E(总题数：1，分数：1.00)The worry about salt is that it may 【B1】 high blood pressure. Chemically, salt 【B2】 of sodium and chloride ions, both of 【B3】 are common in the human 【B4】 and are important for many physiological and biochemical 【B5】 We not only
2、 need salt, we are salt; but too 【B6】 may still be bad for us. Although the idea of a 【B7】 between salt and high blood pressure 【B8】 back to 2000 BC, there is still no scientific 【B9】 as to whether this is so or not. One reason for this 【B10】 to agree is that individual salt intake 【B11】 enormously
3、from day to day, and so reliable measures of intake are hard to come 【B12】 . Those who believe that salt does 【B13】 to high blood pressure point to the high 【B14】 of high blood pressure in countries that eat a very 【B15】 diet. In Japan, for instance, where salted fish is an important part of the die
4、t, high blood pressure and 【B16】 complications are common, 【B17】 among some Amazonian and African tribes, which have a low intake of salt, they are almost 【B18】 . But 【B19】 there is this neat relation between salt intake and the incidence of high blood pressure between countries, it doesnt seem to a
5、pply 【B20】 those countries themselves. Studies, for instance, of couples who have a similar salt intake dont show any consistency in how often they develop high blood pressure. （分数：1.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空
6、项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_二、Section III Reading(总题数：3，分数：3.00)Why does the Western movie especially have such a hold on our imagination? Chiefly, I think, because it offers serious insights into the problem of violence such as can be found almost nowhere in our culture. One of the well-known peculia
7、rities of modern civilized opinion is its refusal to acknowledge the value of violence. This refusal is virtue, but like many virtues it involves a certain willful blindness and it encourages hypocrisy. We train ourselves to be shocked or bored by cultural images of violence, and our very concept of
8、 heroism tends to be a passive one: we are less drawn to the brave young men who kill large numbers of our enemies than to the heroic prisoners who endure torture without capitulating. And in the criticism of popular culture, the presence of images of violence is often assumed to be in itself a suff
9、icient ground for condemnation. These attitudes, however, have not reduced the element of violence in our culture but have helped to free it from moral control by letting it take on the aura of “ emancipation“. The celebration of acts of violence is left more and more to the irresponsible. The gangs
10、ter movie, with its numerous variations, belongs to a cultural “underground“ which glamorizes violence and sets it against all our higher social attitudes. It is more “modern“ genre than the Western movie, perhaps even more profound, because it confronts industrial society on its own ground the city
11、 and because, like much of our advanced art, it gains its effects by a gross insistence on its own narrow logic. But it is anti-social, resting on fantasies of irresponsible freedom. If we are brought finally to acquiesce in the denial of these fantasies, it is only because they have been shown to b
12、e dangerous, not because they have given way to higher values of behaviour. In war movies, to be sure, it is possible to present violence within a framework of responsibility. But there is the disadvantage that modern war is a co-operative enterprise in which violence is largely impersonal and heroi
13、sm belongs to the group more than to the individual. The hero of a war movie is most often simply a leader, and his superiority is likely to be expressed in a denial of the heroic: you are not supposed to be brave, you are supposed to get the job done and stay alive (this too, of course, is a kind o
14、f heroic posture, but a new and “practical“ one). At its best, the war movie may represent a more civilized point of view than the Western, and if it, were not continually marred by ideological sentimentality we might hope to find it developing into a higher form of drama. But it cannot supply value
15、s we seek in the Western movies. These values are in the image of a single man who wears a gun on his thigh. The gun tells us that he lives in a world of violence, and even that he “believes in violence“. But the drama is one of self-restraint: the moment of violence must come in its own time and ac
16、cording to its special laws, or else it is valueless. He is there to remind us of the possibility of style in an age which has put on itself the burden of pretending that style has no meaning, and, in the midst of our anxieties over the problem of violence, to suggest that even in killing or being k
17、illed we are not freed from the necessity of establishing satisfactory models of behaviour. （分数：1.00）(1).The reason given for our acceptance of a gangsters downfall is our being convinced that_.（分数：0.20）A.his behavior is wrongB.he is a threat to societyC.his aspirations are unrealisticD.he represent
18、s a denial of freedom(2).Violence in modern societies is seen, it is claimed in paragraph 2, as_.（分数：0.20）A.a symbol of freedomB.something sacredC.morally controlledD.basic to our culture(3).The word “acquiesce“ in the second paragraph is closest in meaning to_.（分数：0.20）A.acceptanceB.refusalC.devoti
19、onD.giving up(4).War films present the hero as_.（分数：0.20）A.pragmaticB.impersonalC.unheroicD.posturing(5).The image of the Western hero is intended to show us that_.（分数：0.20）A.violence need not cause us concernB.killing and death are not importantC.our modern age is lacking in styleD.there is always
20、a need for standardsConventional wisdom about conflict seems pretty much cut and dried. Too little conflict breeds apathy and stagnation. Too much conflict leads to divisiveness and hostility. Moderate levels of conflict, however, can spark creativity and motivate people in a healthy and competitive
21、 way. Recent research by Professor Charles R. Schwenk, however, suggests that the optimal level of conflict may be more complex to determine than these simple generalizations. He studied perceptions of conflict among a sample of executives. Some of the executives worked for profit-seeking organizati
22、ons and other for not-for-profit organizations. Somewhat surprisingly, Schwenk found that opinions about conflict varied systematically as a function of the type of organization. Specifically, managers in not-for-profit organizations strongly believed that conflict was beneficial to their organizati
23、ons and that it promoted higher quality decision-making than might be achieved in the absence of conflict. Managers of for-profit organizations saw a different picture. They believed that conflict generally was damaging and usually led to poor-quality decision-making in their organizations. Schwenk
24、interpreted these results in terms of the criteria for effective decision-making suggested by the executives. In the profit-seeking organizations, decision-making effectiveness was most often assessed in financial terms. The executives believed that consensus rather than conflict enhanced financial
25、indicators. In the not-for-profit organizations, decision-making effectiveness was defined from the perspective of satisfying constituents. Given the complexities and ambiguities associated with satisfying many diverse constituents, the executives perceived that conflict led to more considered and a
26、cceptable decisions. （分数：1.00）(1).In the eyes of the author, conventional opinion on conflict is_.（分数：0.20）A.oversimplifiedB.misleadingC.wrongD.unclear(2).Professor Charles R. Schwenks research shows_.（分数：0.20）A.the advantages and disadvantages of conflictB.the difficulty in determining optimal leve
27、l of conflictC.the complexity of defining the roles of conflictD.the real value of conflict(3).We can learn from Schwenks research that_.（分数：0.20）A.it is impossible for people to avoid conflictB.different people resolve conflicts in different waysC.conflict is necessary for managers of for-profit or
28、ganizationsD.a persons view of conflict is influenced by the purpose of his organization(4).The passage suggests that in for-profit organizations_.（分数：0.20）A.decisions must be justifiableB.expression of different opinions is encouragedC.success lies in general agreementD.there is no end of conflict(
29、5).People working in a not-for-profit organization_.（分数：0.20）A.find it easier to reach agreementB.seem to be difficult to satisfyC.are less effective in making decisionsD.are free to express diverse opinionsIn department stores and closets all over the world, they are waiting. Their outward appearan
30、ce seems rather appealing because they come in a variety of styles, textures, and colors. But they are ultimately the biggest deception that exists in the fashion industry today. What are they? They are high heels a womans worst enemy (whether she knows it or not). High heel shoes are the downfall o
31、f modern society. Fashion myths have led women to believe that they are more beautiful or sophisticated for wearing heels, but in reality, heels succeed in posing short as well as long term hardships. Women should fight the high heel industry by refusing to use or purchase them in order to save the
32、world from unnecessary physical and psychological suffering. For the sake of fairness, it must be noted that there is a positive side to high heels. First, heels are excellent for aerating lawns. Anyone who has ever worn heels on grass knows what I am talking about. A simple trip around the yard in
33、a pair of those babies eliminates all need to call for a lawn care specialist, and provides the perfect-sized holes to give any lawn oxygen without all those messy chunks of dirt lying around. Second, heels are quite functional for defense against oncoming enemies, who can easily be scared away by t
34、hreatening them with a pair of these sharp, deadly fashion accessories. Regardless of such practical uses for heels, the fact remains that wearing high heels is harmful to ones physical health. Talk to any podiatrist, and you will hear that the majority of their business comes from high-heel-wearing
35、 women. High heels are known to cause problems such as deformed feet and torn toenails. The risk of severe back problems and twisted or broken ankles is three times higher for a high heel wearer than for a flat shoe wearer. Wearing heels also creates the threat of getting a heel caught in a sidewalk
36、 crack or a sewer-grate and being thrown to the ground possibly breaking a nose, back, or neck. And of course, after wearing heels for a day, any woman knows she can look forward to a night of pain as she tries to comfort her swollen, aching feet. （分数：1.00）(1).What makes women blind to the deceptive
37、 nature of high heels?（分数：0.20）A.The multi-functional use of high heels.B.Their attempt to show off their status.C.The rich variety of high heel styles.D.Their wish to improve their appearance.(2).The authors presentation of the positive side of high heels is meant_.（分数：0.20）A.to be ironicB.to poke
38、fun at womenC.to be fair to the fashion industryD.to make his point convincing(3).The author uses the expression “those babies“ in the second paragraph to refer to high heels_.（分数：0.20）A.to show their fragile characteristicsB.to indicate their feminine featuresC.to show womens affection for themD.to
39、 emphasize their small size(4).The authors chief argument against high heels is that_.（分数：0.20）A.they pose a threat to lawnsB.they are injurious to womens healthC.they dont necessarily make women beautifulD.they are ineffective as a weapon of defense(5).It can be inferred from the passage that women
40、 should_.（分数：0.20）A.see through the very nature of fashion mythsB.boycott the products of the fashion industryC.go to a podiatrist regularly for adviceD.avoid following fashion too closely三、Part B Directions: I(总题数：1，分数：1.00)In the front room of a shabby terraced house in Maryport, Cumbria, a woman
41、lay on the sofa covered by a blanket, her body emaciated by years of illness. 66. ( ) His father, also a Maryport man, had been often out of work; his son, now 15, aspires no higher than a factory job because he knows that he will be lucky to get even this when he leaves school. The family is beset
42、by poverty, illness and despair. The man is dependent on tranquilizers; his wife has been in and out of psychiatrichospital. She said: “ I got run down because we had so much debt and things just got on top of me. “ Unemployment, said the man, sapped all his vitality. “ Its the same thing every day.
43、 You get off bed in the morning, eat and then back to bed, and thats it,“ he said. The three children would have no heavy clothes this winter. They all lived on canned food and could not remember when they last ate fresh meat. When the fuel bills came in the rent could not be paid. Unemployment in M
44、aryport is running at about 12% , twice the national average. It has remained high since the 1930s and the town has been in decline for generations as the old industries of fishing, steel and coal disappeared. With cuts in regional aid the outlook is now even bleaker. 67. ( ) This perverse attitude
45、is the distinguishing characteristic of this small, depressed port. For although the social problems arising from high unemployment are grave, a corresponding insularity and fear of the unfamiliar pervades the 11,000 or so inhabitants to the town. Many families depend on welfare benefits, as did the
46、ir parents, and as, undoubtedly, their children will when they leave school. In parts of the town the social problems are as grave as they would be in any inner city slum. Two large housing estates, nicknamed “ Bangladesh“ and “ Colditz“ by everyone from the inhabitants to the civic dignitaries, con
47、tain a large proportion of problem families. 68. ( ) Social workers say that most of their cases involve inadequate families who have never been shown how to be good parents. There are two nursery schools in the town, but no day nurseries or preschool playgroups. The voluntary, community activity th
48、at characterizes most inner-city deprived areas is absent in Maryport. But the social workers are too busy running a crisis service to do any preventative work. Maryport people, they say, will not even travel to Workington, six miles down the coast, to get a job. A trip to Carlise, some 30 miles away, is a major event and happens infrequently. Many of the children have never seen a lake, although the Lake Dis
