1、翻译二级笔译实务-4 及答案解析(总分：150.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BSection Engli(总题数：1，分数：30.00)1.Over the past 50 years, technology has changed the fishing industry dramatically. Today, the romantic, rugged individual fisherman is as threatened a species as the cod and tuna that once swarmed into his nets. This is the cumul
2、ative result of more sophisticated fishing gear, more powerful boat engines and a lack of regard for local fishing environments by the multinational enterprises that have come to dominate this business. There are about 30 million professional fishermen worldwide, but 50 percent of the fish caught at
3、 sea are captured by only 1 percent of the boats, notes Xavier Pastor, European vice-president for Oceans, a non-profit international advocacy group for the worlds oceans. “Industrialized fishing is leading to the disappearance of the small fisherman,“ he observes, with concomitant damage to both fi
4、sh stock and to local economies and social structures. “Some fleets are just too big,“ Pastor says. “They are very efficient at taking the last fish in an area, then they move on to something else.“ This transformation has led to a global fishing crisis that is endangering most of the planets commer
5、cial stocks. Oceans reports that industrial fishing worldwide yields between 80 million and 100 million tons of fish, but it also generates 27 million tons of discards (marine organisms thrown back into the water after they have been caught), causing negative effects on the ecosystem that will last
6、for decades. According to the Fond and Agricultural Organization, the commercial productivity of the oceans is at an all-time low, with 75 percent to 80 percent of the worlds major fisheries overexploited, fully exploited or recovering from depletion. “We are not anti-fishing,“ emphasizes Pastor. “F
7、ishing is important. We Want to make sure that future generations can do the same.“（分数：30.00）_二、BPart B Choice o(总题数：2，分数：60.00)2.If Asian policy makers have a grand vision, it is that someday people from Japan and China to Malaysia and Myanmar will pay for groceries using the same currency. The ide
8、a of a single East Asian currency will be debated this week at the Asian Development Banks annual meeting in the South Korean resort island of Jeju, where a European Central Bank board member, Tommaso Padoa-Schioppa, will share with Asian finance ministers “lessons“ from a 50-year journey that has l
9、ed to 12 European nations sharing the euro. Should the countries of East Asia aim for their own “Asian dollar“？ The rationale for a single currency is simple. For exporters in one Asian country selling to importers in another, being bald in Asian dollars would mean their profits were protected no ma
10、tter what happened to the U. S. currency. Consumers would benefit from easier price comparisons, and travelers would save money by not having to change their currency from country to country. East Asia is home to a third of the worlds population and is its fastest-growing region. The World Bank esti
11、mates that East Asian economies will collectively expand 6.3 percent this year. The regions central banks hold $ 2 trillion of foreign currency reserves, which, if pooled, would make an Asian dollar a tough target for currency speculators to pull down. A single East Asian currency would require an a
12、ccord similar to the European Unions Stability and Growth pact, which would require governments to live within their means a tall order for countries such as the Philippines that are plagued by chronic budget deficits. Monetary cooperation could eventually lead to a single currency. Still, if East A
13、sia wants to follow Europe, it must speed up efforts for freer movement of goods and people across national boundaries. Then will come the painful part: trying to get Asian states to accept a unifying agency along the lines of the European Central Bank. The Asian dollar may not be here soon. But to
14、say it will never arrive is to underestimate the power of progress.（分数：30.00）_3.At the invitation of President George W. Bush, I will be attending and actively participating in the Group of Eight meeting this week in Sea Island, Georgia. The G-8 nations have rightly identified African development, A
15、IDS, global peace and security, private sector-led growth and the alleviation of poverty through greater trade as the essential issues concerning the world and Africa in particular. I agree with this assessment. But this year I come to the G-8 .meeting to convey a new sense of urgency in our collect
16、ive work. On Thursday, I plan to support five tangible proposals for the G-8 that I deem globally urgent, highly practical and wholly feasible, with results that will be quickly measurable. We must identify and reduce the unintentional waste of foreign aid that happens through poor procedures, dupli
17、cation and flawed management. We must initiate a “counter-brain drain.“ For decades, developing countries have been educating and training highly skilled individuals and managers, who systematically leave their countries the countries that so desperately need them and become absorbed in the economie
18、s of developed countries. We should begin to issue “business passports“ based on the economic activities of individuals, not on citizenship or nationality. We need to endorse and organize a world conference for Islamic-Christian dialogue within the next six months. We can remove corruption, while in
19、creasing efficiency at the same time. The allocation of resources to our nations today takes a painfully long time. But the handicap of delays can be avoided. The president of the World Bank, James Wofensohn, once said that an African country that expresses the need to realize a project a road, for
20、example has to wait at least five years. Five years is too long. In Africa, we die waiting. I am not attending the G- 8 meeting in search of funding or handouts, but to propose and support what we need most dynamic ideas that can be implemented without delay. I start with these five.（分数：30.00）_三、BSe
21、ction Chine(总题数：1，分数：20.00)4.北京，是中华民族的远祖“北京人”的故乡；同时也是世界闻名的文化古城。三千多年前，这里已是周朝封国燕国的都城。公元十世纪后，辽、金、元、明、清五个封建王朝以此作为陪都或国都。1949 年中华人民共和国成立，定北京为首都。 在漫长的历史进程中，各民族不同的文化在这块宝地上相互渗透交融，孕育成一种特有的北京韵味。那金碧辉煌的宫阙殿堂，那雄伟壮丽的城墙门楼，那纵横交错的大街小巷，那淳朴憨厚的民风民俗，以及那些充满地方色调的店铺摊贩北京，无一时，无一处，无一事不令人流连怀念，津津乐道。（分数：20.00）_四、BPart B Choice o(总
22、题数：2，分数：40.00)5.党的执政方式与政府职能转变带来的组织约束机制和资源获取方式的变化，全球化形势下国际妇女组织运作模式的影响，民间妇女团体大量涌现引发的组织竞争合作格局的改变，妇女群体利益需求多元化的挑战以及组织内部的结构性问题与强烈的变革愿望是妇联寻求组织变革的直接动因。实现这一变革的途径包括重新调整和发展妇联组织与党和政府的关系，拓展妇联组织的职能，实施资源开发战略，对妇联组织的组织结构、组织制度和组织功能进行渐进式变革，使妇联组织在主动适应内外部环境的变迁中获得不断的发展。（分数：20.00）_6.在战地，我们的生活特别快乐。虽然我们睡的是潮湿的地铺，喝的是泥沟里的污水，吃的
23、是硬饭冷菜，穿的是单薄的衣裤，盖着从上海妇女慰劳会(Shanghai Womens Armed Forces Relief Association)捐赠的薄被，睡在朔风凛冽的堂屋里，但我们这一群平时过惯了舒服生活的小姐，一点也不感觉到辛苦。病了时，反正有的是看护；冷起来时，七八个人挤作一堆；缸里没有水了，自己去挑；灶里没有柴，自己去砍；至于洗衣、扫地、烧饭，更是我们每天必做的勤务。我们当中，有两个会理发的，三个会缝衣的，五个会做拿手好菜的；还有喜欢写新诗的、写旧诗的、写小说的、演剧的、唱歌的，各种各样的人才都有。（分数：20.00）_翻译二级笔译实务-4 答案解析(总分：150.00，做题时间
24、：90 分钟)一、BSection Engli(总题数：1，分数：30.00)1.Over the past 50 years, technology has changed the fishing industry dramatically. Today, the romantic, rugged individual fisherman is as threatened a species as the cod and tuna that once swarmed into his nets. This is the cumulative result of more sophistica
25、ted fishing gear, more powerful boat engines and a lack of regard for local fishing environments by the multinational enterprises that have come to dominate this business. There are about 30 million professional fishermen worldwide, but 50 percent of the fish caught at sea are captured by only 1 per
26、cent of the boats, notes Xavier Pastor, European vice-president for Oceans, a non-profit international advocacy group for the worlds oceans. “Industrialized fishing is leading to the disappearance of the small fisherman,“ he observes, with concomitant damage to both fish stock and to local economies
27、 and social structures. “Some fleets are just too big,“ Pastor says. “They are very efficient at taking the last fish in an area, then they move on to something else.“ This transformation has led to a global fishing crisis that is endangering most of the planets commercial stocks. Oceans reports tha
28、t industrial fishing worldwide yields between 80 million and 100 million tons of fish, but it also generates 27 million tons of discards (marine organisms thrown back into the water after they have been caught), causing negative effects on the ecosystem that will last for decades. According to the F
29、ond and Agricultural Organization, the commercial productivity of the oceans is at an all-time low, with 75 percent to 80 percent of the worlds major fisheries overexploited, fully exploited or recovering from depletion. “We are not anti-fishing,“ emphasizes Pastor. “Fishing is important. We Want to
30、 make sure that future generations can do the same.“（分数：30.00）_正确答案：()解析：50 年来，技术的发展使渔业生产发生了巨大的变化。昔日那种带有浪漫色彩的健壮的个体渔民，如今已很少见到，犹如鳕鱼、金枪鱼过去成群地往渔网里钻，现在却濒临绝迹了。这都是由于捕鱼的设备更先进了，船上的引擎功率更大了，再加上逐渐控制了这一行业的跨国公司不顾当地的渔业资源而造成的结果。 全世界专门从事捕鱼的人约有三千万，在海上捕捞的鱼，有百分之五十是由只占百分之一的渔船捕获的。这是“护海会”欧洲部副主任查维尔派斯特提供的信息。“护海会”是一个保护世界海洋的非
31、赢利性国际机构。派斯特说：“工业化的捕捞方式正使得小规模经营的渔民趋于消失，”而这不仅危害渔业资源，而且破坏了当地的经济和社会结构。 派斯特说：“有些船队实在太大了。他们的效率很高，能把一个地区的鱼全部捕光，一条都不剩，然后他们就干别的去了。” 捕捞方式的这一变化造成了全球性的渔业危机，正在危害世界上大部分商品渔业资源。“护海会”的报告指出，工业化捕捞方式虽然能在全世界捕鱼八千万至一亿吨，却同时也制造垃圾(即捕捞后又扔回水中的海洋生物)二千七百万吨，这给生态系统带来的负面影响，几十年都无法消除。 据联合国粮农组织称，海洋的商品生产率目前正处于最低点，因为世界主要渔场有百分之七十五到百分之八十不
32、是过度捕捞，就是饱和捕捞，或处于恢复状态。 派斯特强调说：“我们不是反对捕鱼。捕鱼是一项重要活动。我们只希望保证使我们的后代也有鱼可捕。” 采分点解析 1Over the past 50 years, technology has changed the fishing industry dramatically. 50年来，技术的发展使渔业生产发生了巨大的变化。 分析 选词用词采分点。 在翻译主语 technology时，采用增词法，译成“技术的发展”。dramatically 通常译成“戏剧性地”，但在此处应为“引人注目地，显著地”。 2Today, the romantic, rugge
33、d individual fisherman is as threatened a species as the cod and tuna that once swarmed into his nets. 昔日那种带有浪漫色彩的健壮的个体渔民，如今已很少见到，犹如鳕鱼、金枪鱼过去成群地往渔网里钻，现在却濒临绝迹了。 分析 理解结构采分点及选词用词采分点。 该句可断句译成两个小句。threatened 指“受到威胁的”。threatened a species指“受到威胁的物种”，在这里形容渔民，说明人数见少，所以 Today, the romantic, rugged individual f
34、isherman is as threatened a species译成“昔日那种带有浪漫色彩的健壮的个体渔民，如今已很少见到”。而 the cod and tuna that once swarmed into his nets在翻译时要补充“现在却濒临绝迹了”，使汉语句子更通畅。 3This is the cumulative result of more sophisticated fishing gear, more powerful boat engines and a lack of regard for local fishing environments by the mul
35、tinational enterprises that have come to dominate this business. 这都是由于捕鱼的设备更先进了，船上的引擎功率更大了，再加上逐渐控制了这一行业的跨国公司不顾当地的渔业资源而造成的结果。 分析 理解结构采分点。 句子的基本结构应为 this is the result.by.即，“由于造成的结果”，也可以翻译成“造成这种结果的原因是”。result of 后面的三个并列的名词性短语应分别译出。在 enterprises.后面的部分里，that 所引导的定语从句的主语应为 enterprises。come to dominate 指“
36、达到对的控制或占优势”，这里译成“逐渐控制”。4There are about 30 million professional fishermen worldwide, but 50 percent of the fish caught at sea are captured by only 1 percent of the boats, notes Xavier Pastor, European vice-president for Oceans, a non-profit international advocacy group for the worlds oceans. 全世界专门从事
37、捕鱼的人约有三千万，在海上捕捞的鱼，有百分之五十是由只占百分之一的渔船捕获的。这是“护海会”欧洲部副会长查维尔派斯特提供的信息。“护海会”是一个保护世界海洋的非赢利性国际机构。 分析 选词用词采分点及基本素质采分点。 该句为一个简单句，可以翻译成三个汉语句子。There are about 30 million professional fishermen worldwide, but 50 percent of the fish caught at sea are captured by only 1 percent of the boats可以译成一个句子。notes Xavier Pas
38、tor, European vice-president for Oceans翻译成第二个句子时要增加主语“这是”，其中，note翻译成名词“信息”。逗号前面的 Oceans的同位语 a non-profit international advocacy group for the worlds oceans翻译成第三句“护海会是一个保护世界海洋的非赢利性国际机构”。Oceans 的首字母大写，说明这里指的是一个组织的名称，因此翻译的时候应将其译出。根据后面紧跟的解释，我们可以了解到这一组织的作用，于是根据其作用可以将其翻译成“护海会”。advocacy 指“拥护、保护”。5This tran
39、sformation has led to a global fishing crisis that is endangering most of the planets commercial stocks. 捕捞方式的这一变化造成了全球性的渔业危机，正在危害世界上大部分商品渔业资源。 分析 理解结构采分点及理解表达采分点。 用断句的方式从 that引导的从句处断开，翻译成两个分句。transformation 表示“转变，变化”，为了使上下文更明白，在翻译时应采用增译的方式，译为“捕捞方式的这一变化”。 6Oceans reports that industrial fishing worl
40、dwide yields between 80 million and 100 million tons of fish, but it also generates 27 million tons of discards (marine organisms thrown back into the water after they have been caught), causing negative effects on the ecosystem that will last for decades. “护海会”的报告指出，工业化捕捞方式虽然能在全世界捕鱼八千万至一亿吨，却同时也制造垃圾
41、(即捕捞后又扔回水中的海洋生物)二千七百万吨，这给生态系统带来的负面影响，几十年都无法消除。 分析 理解结构采分点。 整个句子是宾语从句，其中含有定语从句 that will last for decades，翻译时，可以不译成定语从句，单独翻译成一句，即“几十年都无法消除”。分词短语 causing negative effects on the ecosystem可以译成一个句子“这给生态系统带来的负面影响”，同时增加主语“这”。 7According to the Food and Agricultural Organization, the commercial productivit
42、y of the oceans is at an all-time low, with 75 percent to 80 percent of the worlds major fisheries overexploited, fully exploited or recovering from depletion. 据联合国粮农组织称，海洋的商品生产率目前正处于最低点，因为世界主要渔场有 75%到 80%不是过度捕捞，就是饱和捕捞，或处于恢复状态。 分析 理解结构采分点及基本素质采分点。 原句是简单句，可译成汉语的表原因的复合句。介词短语 with 75 percent to 80 perc
43、ent of the worlds major fisheries overexploited, fully exploited or recovering from depletion译成“因为”，the worlds major fisheries 译成主语，分词 overexploited, exploited, recovering译成动词。the Food and Agricultural Organization 是国际组织机构，应翻译成“联合国粮农组织”。二、BPart B Choice o(总题数：2，分数：60.00)2.If Asian policy makers have
44、 a grand vision, it is that someday people from Japan and China to Malaysia and Myanmar will pay for groceries using the same currency. The idea of a single East Asian currency will be debated this week at the Asian Development Banks annual meeting in the South Korean resort island of Jeju, where a
45、European Central Bank board member, Tommaso Padoa-Schioppa, will share with Asian finance ministers “lessons“ from a 50-year journey that has led to 12 European nations sharing the euro. Should the countries of East Asia aim for their own “Asian dollar“？ The rationale for a single currency is simple
46、. For exporters in one Asian country selling to importers in another, being bald in Asian dollars would mean their profits were protected no matter what happened to the U. S. currency. Consumers would benefit from easier price comparisons, and travelers would save money by not having to change their
47、 currency from country to country. East Asia is home to a third of the worlds population and is its fastest-growing region. The World Bank estimates that East Asian economies will collectively expand 6.3 percent this year. The regions central banks hold $ 2 trillion of foreign currency reserves, which, if pooled, would make an Asian dollar a tough target for currency speculators to pull down. A single East Asian currency would require an accord similar to the Europe
