1、翻译二级笔译实务-13 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section 1 English-Ch(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Passage 1(总题数：1，分数：25.00)1.“Clean your plate !“ and “Be a member of the clean-plate club ! “Just about every kid in the US has heard this from a parent or grandparent. Often, its accompanied by an appeal: “Just think about
2、 those starving orphans(孤儿) in Africa! “Sure, we should be grateful for every bite of food. Unfortunately, many people in the US take a few too many bites. Instead of saying “clean the plate“, perhaps we should save some food for tomorrow.According to news reports, US restaurants are partly to blame
3、 for the growing bellies (肚子). A waiter puts a plate of food in front of each customer, with two to four times the amount recommended by the government, according to a USA Today story.Americans traditionally associate quantity with value and most restaurants try to give them that. They serve large p
4、ortions to stand apart from competitors and to give the customers value. They prefer to have customers complain about too much food rather than too little.Barbara Rolls, a nutrition professor at Pennsylvania State University, told USA Today that restaurant portion sizes began to grow in the 1970s, t
5、he same time that the American waistline began to expand.Health experts have tried to get many restaurants to serve smaller portions. Now, apparently, some customers are calling for this too. A restaurant industry trade magazine reported last month that 57 percent of more than 4,000 people surveyed
6、believed restaurants serve portions that are too large; 23 percent had no opinion; 20 percent disagreed.But a closer look at the survey indicates that many Americans who cant afford fine dining still prefer large portions. Seventy percent of those earning at least $ 150,000 per year prefer smaller p
7、ortions. But only 45 percent of those earning less than $ 25,000 want smaller.Its not that working class Americans dont want to eat healthy. Its just that after long hours at low-paying jobs, getting less on their plate hardly seems like a good deal. They live from paycheck to paycheck, happy to sav
8、e a little money for next years Christmas presents.（分数：25.00）_三、Passage 2(总题数：1，分数：25.00)2.Its a typical Snoopy card: cheerful message, bright colors, though a little yellow and faded now. Though Ive received fancier, more expensive card over the years, this is the only one Ive saved. One summer, it
9、 spoke volumes to me.I received it during the first June I faced as a widow to raise two teenage daughters alone. In all the emotional confusion of this sudden single parenthood. I was overwhelmed with, of all things, the simplest housework: leaky taps, oil changes, even barbeques (烧烤). Those had al
10、ways been my husbands jobs. I was embarrassed every time I hit my thumb with a hammer or couldnt get the lawnmower (割草机) started.My uncertain attempts only fueled the fear inside me: How could I be both a father and mother to my girls? Clearly, I lacked the tools and skills.On this particular mornin
11、g, my girls pushed me into the living room to see something. (I prayed it wasnt another repair job. ) The “something“ turned out to be an envelope and several wrapped bundles on the carpet. My puzzlement must have been plain as I gazed from the colorful packages to my daughters bright faces.“Go ahea
12、d! Open them! “They urged. As I unwrapped the packages, I discovered a small barbecue grill(烧烤架) and all the necessary objects including a green kitchen glove with a frog pattern on it.“But why? “ I asked.“Happy Fathers Day! “ they shouted together.“Moms dont get presents on Fathers Day. “ I protest
13、ed.“You forgot to open the card. “ Jane reminded. I pulled it from the envelope. There sat Snoopy, on top of his dog house, merrily wishing me a Happy Fathers Day. “Because,“ the girls said, “youve been a father and mother to us. Why shouldnt you be remembered on Father s Day?“As I fought back tears
14、, I realized they were right, I wanted to be a “professional“ dad, who had the latest tools and knew all the tricks of the trade. The girls only wanted a parent they could count on to be there, day after day, performing repeatedly the maintenance tasks of basic care and love.The girls are grown now,
15、 and they still send me Fathers Day cards, but none of those cards means as: much to me as that first one. Its simple message told me being a great parent didnt require any special tools at all -just a willing worker.（分数：25.00）_四、Section 2 Chinese-En(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、Passage 1(总题数：1，分数：25.00)3.科学是关于自
16、然的知识总体，它代表了人类的共同努力、洞察力、研究成果和智慧。科学并不是什么新东西，在有文字记载的历史以前，当人们最初发现了在他们周围反复出现的各种关系时，就有了科学的开端。通过对这些关系的仔细观察，人们开始了解自然，而由于自然的可靠性，人们还发现他们能够做出预测，从而在某种程度上控制他们周围的环境。科学家是一群努力洞悉自然，在表面杂乱无序中寻求规律的人。他们具有一种特殊的思考与分析能力，具有无限的耐心进行观察和收集数据。但是，并不能把一切科学发现都归因于能力和耐心，科学发现常常与创造性的想象力紧密相关。的确，想象里的飞跃往往是通向发现的第一步。另外，科学家也以其诚实而著称。他们非常重视城实，
17、主要是因为诚实对他们至关重要。他们提出的每一个理论都要受到进一步的检验。每一个错误或谎言必将被发现，因此，如果发现了与他们的想法相矛盾的证据，科学家不是隐瞒证据，而是修改甚至放弃他们的想法。这样他们积累了极其大量的知识，这些知识帮助我们更好地了解自己及周围的世界。（分数：25.00）_六、Passage 2(总题数：1，分数：25.00)4.今天，Alma-Ata 宣言的目标比起 25 年前反而离实现更为遥远了。深刻的经济不平等和社会不公正继续拒绝给许多人提供良好的健康，继续扮演全球持续性健康受益的障碍。全世界的国家间及国家内部在健康成就的步伐上和等级上仍有巨大的差异。一个可能的解释是开始于
18、20 世纪 80 年代作为世界银行结构性调整计划一部分的健康部门的改革还没有显示出改进不平等的结果；在某些情况下，它们反而让这些不平等更为严重了。现在我们面临健康研究中的四大挑战：道德价值、公平和美德、可持续的健康研究体系、良好的研究环境及知识的产生和应用。为了应对挑战，保健体系和健康研究体系两者应向一个学习的和解决问题的模式推进，把创新包括进运作之中，更好地掌握未来发展的机遇。没有效果明显的锦囊妙计，没有简单的解决方法，只是有许多事情要去学习。（分数：25.00）_翻译二级笔译实务-13 答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section 1 English-Ch(总题数
19、：0，分数：0.00)二、Passage 1(总题数：1，分数：25.00)1.“Clean your plate !“ and “Be a member of the clean-plate club ! “Just about every kid in the US has heard this from a parent or grandparent. Often, its accompanied by an appeal: “Just think about those starving orphans(孤儿) in Africa! “Sure, we should be gratef
20、ul for every bite of food. Unfortunately, many people in the US take a few too many bites. Instead of saying “clean the plate“, perhaps we should save some food for tomorrow.According to news reports, US restaurants are partly to blame for the growing bellies (肚子). A waiter puts a plate of food in f
21、ront of each customer, with two to four times the amount recommended by the government, according to a USA Today story.Americans traditionally associate quantity with value and most restaurants try to give them that. They serve large portions to stand apart from competitors and to give the customers
22、 value. They prefer to have customers complain about too much food rather than too little.Barbara Rolls, a nutrition professor at Pennsylvania State University, told USA Today that restaurant portion sizes began to grow in the 1970s, the same time that the American waistline began to expand.Health e
23、xperts have tried to get many restaurants to serve smaller portions. Now, apparently, some customers are calling for this too. A restaurant industry trade magazine reported last month that 57 percent of more than 4,000 people surveyed believed restaurants serve portions that are too large; 23 percen
24、t had no opinion; 20 percent disagreed.But a closer look at the survey indicates that many Americans who cant afford fine dining still prefer large portions. Seventy percent of those earning at least $ 150,000 per year prefer smaller portions. But only 45 percent of those earning less than $ 25,000
25、want smaller.Its not that working class Americans dont want to eat healthy. Its just that after long hours at low-paying jobs, getting less on their plate hardly seems like a good deal. They live from paycheck to paycheck, happy to save a little money for next years Christmas presents.（分数：25.00）_正确答
26、案：(“把盘子里东西吃干净。”“去参加干净盘子俱乐部。”这些都是美国小孩经常从家长或者祖父母那里听到的话。通常还伴随着这样的话“你们应该好好想想非洲的饥饿儿童。”当然，我们应该珍惜每一口粮食。而不幸的是，美国的许多人都吃了好多粮食。也许我们都应该为将来节省点食物，而不是一味的说“把盘子里东西吃干净”。根据最新的报道，民众逐渐增胖的部分原因是由美国的餐馆所引起的。根据今日美国报道，一个餐馆服务生为每位顾客提供的一盘子食物数量是美国政府所建议食物数量的两至四倍。传统上来说，美国人喜欢把数量和价格联系在一起，大部分餐馆也尽量满足顾客的要求。他们会提供给顾客大量的食物以便在竞争中处于优势地位。他们宁愿
27、顾客抱怨食物太多而不是太少。一个来自宾夕法尼亚州大学的名叫芭芭拉劳斯的营养学专家告诉今日美国，在 19 世纪 70 年代，餐馆所提供的食物量开始增长，与此同时，美国人的腰围也开始增加。健康专家曾尽力劝服许多餐馆给顾客提供少一点的食物。如今，很显然的是，一些顾客也在呼吁这个问题。一个餐饮业杂志报道说，根据上个月对 4000 顾客的调查显示，57%的人认为餐馆提供的食物太多了，23%的人没有意见，20%的人持相反的意见。但是进一步的调查显示，许多生活条件不好的顾客还是希望餐馆提供大量食物。年收入至少为 15 万美元的顾客中的 70%更喜欢少量食物。但是年收入少于 25000 美元的顾客中只有 45
28、%的人更喜欢少量食物。这并不是说美国的工薪阶层不想吃得健康。而是在他们长时间工作之后，所得薪水又很少，如果他们盘子中的食物不足，在他们看来，这顿饭钱就花得不值。他们是靠工资生活的，会很高兴能为明年的圣诞礼物省点钱。)解析：长难句分析1Barbara Rolls，a nutrition professor at Pennsylvania State University，told USA Today that restaurant portion sizes began to grow in the 1970s，the same time that the American waistline
29、began to expand句子分析 本句的主干是“Barbara Roils told USA Today”，“a nutrition professor at Pennsylvania State University”是“Barbara Roils”的同位语。谓语“told”后面的“USA Today”是间接宾语，that 引导的从句作直接宾语。“the same time that the American”是“1970s”的同位语，其中 that 引导的定语从句修饰先行词“time”。译文 一个来自宾夕法尼亚州大学的名叫芭芭拉劳斯的营养学专家告诉今日美国，在 19 世纪 70年代，
30、餐馆所提供的食物量开始增长，与此同时，美国人的腰围也开始增加。2A restaurant industry trade magazine reported last month that 57 percent of more than 4，000 people surveyed believed restaurants serve portions that are too large；23 percent had no opinion；20 percent disagreed句子分析 本句的谓语“reported”后面是由 that 引导的宾语从句，该从句中包括由两个分号隔开的三个分句。过去
31、分词“surveyed”是修饰“people”的后置定语，谓语“believed”后面是省略了关联词that 的宾语从句“restaurants serve portions”。定语从句“that are too large”修饰先行词“portions”。译文 一个餐饮业杂志报道说，根据上个月对 4000 顾客的调查显示，57%的人认为餐馆提供的食物太多了，23%的人没有意见，20%的人持相反的意见。3But a closer look at the survey indicates that many Americans who cant afford fine dining still
32、prefer large portions句子分析 本句的谓语“indicates”后面是由 that 引导的宾语从句，该从句中又有一个由“who”引导的定语从句，修饰先行词“Americans”。译文 但是进一步的调查显示，许多生活条件不好的顾客还是希望餐馆提供大量食物。4Its just that，after long hours at low-paying jobs，getting less on their plate hardly seems like a good deal句子分析 本句的主干是“Its just that getting less on”，系动词 is 后面是由
33、that 引导的表语从句。介词短语“after long hours at low-paying jobs”作状语。译文 在他们长时间工作之后，所得薪水又很少，如果他们盘子中的食物不足，在他们看来，这顿饭钱就花得不值。三、Passage 2(总题数：1，分数：25.00)2.Its a typical Snoopy card: cheerful message, bright colors, though a little yellow and faded now. Though Ive received fancier, more expensive card over the years,
34、 this is the only one Ive saved. One summer, it spoke volumes to me.I received it during the first June I faced as a widow to raise two teenage daughters alone. In all the emotional confusion of this sudden single parenthood. I was overwhelmed with, of all things, the simplest housework: leaky taps,
35、 oil changes, even barbeques (烧烤). Those had always been my husbands jobs. I was embarrassed every time I hit my thumb with a hammer or couldnt get the lawnmower (割草机) started.My uncertain attempts only fueled the fear inside me: How could I be both a father and mother to my girls? Clearly, I lacked
36、 the tools and skills.On this particular morning, my girls pushed me into the living room to see something. (I prayed it wasnt another repair job. ) The “something“ turned out to be an envelope and several wrapped bundles on the carpet. My puzzlement must have been plain as I gazed from the colorful
37、 packages to my daughters bright faces.“Go ahead! Open them! “They urged. As I unwrapped the packages, I discovered a small barbecue grill(烧烤架) and all the necessary objects including a green kitchen glove with a frog pattern on it.“But why? “ I asked.“Happy Fathers Day! “ they shouted together.“Mom
38、s dont get presents on Fathers Day. “ I protested.“You forgot to open the card. “ Jane reminded. I pulled it from the envelope. There sat Snoopy, on top of his dog house, merrily wishing me a Happy Fathers Day. “Because,“ the girls said, “youve been a father and mother to us. Why shouldnt you be rem
39、embered on Father s Day?“As I fought back tears, I realized they were right, I wanted to be a “professional“ dad, who had the latest tools and knew all the tricks of the trade. The girls only wanted a parent they could count on to be there, day after day, performing repeatedly the maintenance tasks
40、of basic care and love.The girls are grown now, and they still send me Fathers Day cards, but none of those cards means as: much to me as that first one. Its simple message told me being a great parent didnt require any special tools at all -just a willing worker.（分数：25.00）_正确答案：(这是一张典型的史努比卡片：带着愉悦的文
41、字和明亮的颜色，如今已有点发黄褪色。尽管过去几年，我都会收到一些既精美又昂贵的卡片，但是这张卡片却是我保存下来的唯一的一张。我在一个夏天收到它，它对我有着不寻常的意义。我是在变成寡妇的第一年的六月收到这张卡片的，当时我需要独自抚养两个十几岁的女儿。突然变成单身母亲，我无可逃避地需要处理许多问题，即使是最简单的家务：水龙头漏水、换煤气、甚至是烧烤。这些一直都是我丈夫的事情。每当我的拇指被锤头碰伤或者不能开动割草机的时候，我就会感到很困窘。我那靠不住的行为引起了我内心的恐惧：对我的孩子们来说，我怎么可能承担起既当父亲又当母亲的责任呢?很明显，我缺乏必要的工具和技能。那是一个特别的早上，我的女儿们把
42、我推到了卧室看点东西。(我祈祷着别又是修理工作)。那个“东西”是地毯上的一个包装好的一个信封。我看看那多彩的包装，又盯向女儿们红润的脸颊，一脸的茫然。“去把它打开。”他们催促我。在我把包装打开之后，我发现一个小烧烤架以及其它一些必备的东西和一副印有青蛙图案的绿色厨房手套。“怎么回事呢?”我迷惑了。“父亲节快乐!”他们喊道。“妈妈在父亲节不收礼物的。”我抗议道。“您忘了打开卡片。”简提醒我说。我把卡片从信封里拉出来，上面画着一个坐在狗舍上面的史努比，高兴地说祝我父亲节快乐。“因为，”女孩们说道，“您对我们来说既是妈妈又是爸爸，在父亲节我们怎么可能想不起您来呢?”我忍住即将流下的泪水，意识到他们说
43、的是对的。我想要成为一名“专业”爸爸，哪有人有最新的工具和职业中的所有窍门呢?孩子们想要的是一个能够依靠的家长，并能够从中日复一日地得到最基本的照顾和爱心。现在孩子们长大了，她们仍然送我父亲节卡片。但是没有一个卡片对我来说像第一张有意义。上面简单的信息告诉了我，做一个伟大的家长根本就不需要特殊的工具，只要心甘情愿就好。)解析：长难句分析1Though Ive received fancier，more expensive card over the years，this is the only one Ive saved句子分析 本名的主句是“this is the only one Ive
44、saved”，其中“Ive saved”是省略了关联词 that 的定语从句，修饰先行词 one。连词 though 引导的是让步状语从句。译文 尽管过去几年，我都会收到一些既精美又昂贵的卡片，但是这张卡片却是我保存下来的唯一的一张。2My puzzlement must have been plain as I gazed from the colorful packages to my daughtersbright faces句子分析 本句的主句是“My puzzlement must have been plain”，as 引导的是时间状语从句。plain 意为“清楚的，平易的”，如：
45、The meaning of the sentence is very plain这个句子的意思十分清楚。译文 我看看那多彩的包装，又盯向女儿们欢快的面容，一脸的茫然。3The girls only wanted a parent they could count on to be there，day after day，performing repeatedly the maintenance tasks of basic care and love句子分析 本句的主干是“The girls only wanted a parent”“they could count on to be th
46、ere”是限制性定语从句，修饰先行词“a parent”，该从句省略了关联词 that 或 whom。现在分词短语“performing repeatedly the maintenance”作后置定语，修饰“a parent”。译文 孩子们想要的是一个能够依靠的家长，并能够从中日复一日地得到最基本的照顾和爱心。四、Section 2 Chinese-En(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、Passage 1(总题数：1，分数：25.00)3.科学是关于自然的知识总体，它代表了人类的共同努力、洞察力、研究成果和智慧。科学并不是什么新东西，在有文字记载的历史以前，当人们最初发现了在他们周围反复出现
47、的各种关系时，就有了科学的开端。通过对这些关系的仔细观察，人们开始了解自然，而由于自然的可靠性，人们还发现他们能够做出预测，从而在某种程度上控制他们周围的环境。科学家是一群努力洞悉自然，在表面杂乱无序中寻求规律的人。他们具有一种特殊的思考与分析能力，具有无限的耐心进行观察和收集数据。但是，并不能把一切科学发现都归因于能力和耐心，科学发现常常与创造性的想象力紧密相关。的确，想象里的飞跃往往是通向发现的第一步。另外，科学家也以其诚实而著称。他们非常重视城实，主要是因为诚实对他们至关重要。他们提出的每一个理论都要受到进一步的检验。每一个错误或谎言必将被发现，因此，如果发现了与他们的想法相矛盾的证据，科学家不是隐瞒证据，而是修改甚至放弃他们的想法。这样他们积累了极其大量的知识，这些知识帮助我们更好地了解自己及周围的世界。（分数：25.00）_正确答案：(Science is the integral set of knowledge about nature, which embodies the common effor
