1、翻译二级口译实务分类模拟题 14及答案解析(总分：48.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part (总题数：2，分数：50.00)1.Passage 2 下面你将听到外国媒体有关中国能源形势的一段讲话。 Tight electricity supply is constraining China“s economic growtha situation likely to persist for three to four years until new capacity comes online. The energy shortfall has not yet severely hampe
2、red U.S. business operations in China, but this remains a distinct possibility. Shortages have now spread to two-thirds of China“s provinces, affecting Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, and other first-tier cities. Plants in China“s manufacturing heartland, the Pearl River Basin and East China now exper
3、ience frequent mandatory shutdowns. Zhejiang and Jiangsu Provinces have imposed electricity rationing. Many plants have installed costly back-up diesel generators. Shanghai“s demand for electricity outstrips supply by two to four million kilowatts. The tight supply is causing price increases at the
4、front end of the manufacturing supply chain. High energy costs are a competitive disadvantage for China in the world marketplace. Quality, quantity, and security of supply also are essential for China“s continued economic growth. Present restrictions on the direct sale of electricity, oil, and gas t
5、o industrial users promote inefficiency and non-competitiveness. Much of the current concern with the “overheating“ of China“s economy has been driven by the fear that the energy supply is not keeping up with the development of major energy-consuming industries. China“s rapid economic growth, especi
6、ally in the construction and manufacturing sectors, is behind the electricity shortage. China“s energy industry has doubled in absolute terms during the last ten years, but such growth has been insufficient to meet demand. It takes five to seven years to design, construct, and commission a major the
7、rmal power plant, seven to ten years to explore and develop an oilfield, and five years to develop a coalmine. All require extremely large capital investment. Despite the fact that China has the world“s second largest coal reserves and worldwide coal and coke prices are at eight-year highs, supply h
8、as not been able to keep up with demand. Efforts to raise electricity production in the near term have been hampered by deficient railroad capacity, which has prevented coal from reaching power stations. While coal price cycles usually do not coincide with oil prices, current high prices in both com
9、modities have supply straining to meet demand. While China only imported 0.6 percent of world oil supplies in 1995, it now imports 3 percent of the world“s oil. China, like the United States, is becoming increasingly vulnerable to disruptions in the world“s supply of oil. （分数：25.00）_2.下面你将听到外商有关中国零售
10、业发展情况的一段讲话。 China“s economy, once reliant on state spending in heavy industry, has increasingly looked to the retail sector for growth. Market-oriented reforms begun in 1978 have created a growing private sector, and much of that is concentrated in the retail trade. The state has also moved aggressi
11、vely to tap the retail market as reforms put money in the pockets of the nation“s consumers. That has created a service economy where, sometimes, the customer really is king. Before the reforms took hold, a shopping excursion often meant a test of wills, with sleepy attendants at state-owned stores
12、with little incentive to sell. Goods were often shoddy and carelessly displayed. Shortages were common and ration coupons were needed to buy anything from rice to cloth and cooking oil. Those days are all but forgotten now. Broadly defined, retail consumption, estimated in excess of US $450 billion,
13、 is growing by about 10% annually. With a value added tax of 17% applied to all goods, the retail trade is a major contributor to state revenue. Since 1978, the private sector has embraced retailing in a big way. Government-owned factories have been forced to lay off millions of workers to trim cost
14、s and start making a profit. That has driven many of those workers into the retail sector, with a high percentage operating privately-run comer shops, convenience stores, clothing shops, bars and restaurants, and even beauty parlors and dry cleaners. Foreign investors have also moved into the market
15、 in force, investing more than US $3 billion in China since 1992. Headed by the likes of Carrefour and Wal-Mart, some 300 foreign-funded retailers with 2,200 chain stores have been approved and the pace is certain to accelerate following China“s entry into the WTO. While foreign-invested stores stil
16、l account for only 2-4% of all retail sales, their impact has been profound. Their presence has forced local retailers to compete by expanding their scale of business and making their stores more attractive to customers. The new entrants in the market have brought an array of goods. While foreign br
17、ands were once reserved for the elite or wealthy foreigners, they are now aimed at local customers. （分数：25.00）_二、Part (总题数：2，分数：-2.00)3.Passage 1 女士们、先生们： 我非常高兴能利用英中贸协年会的机会向英国工商界朋友们致以诚挚的问候。多年来，英中贸协一直关心和支持中英关系发展，是堪称两国友好交流的桥梁和互利合作的纽带。在此，我谨对英中贸协及诸位长期为促进中英经贸合作所做的不懈努力和杰出贡献表示感谢，对此次大会的召开表示热烈的祝贺。 十六大以来，我们继续
18、坚持以经济建设为中心，坚持改革开放，各项工作都有条不紊地向前推进。但是，突如其来在中国一些地方发生了“非典”疫情。这是一种尚未被人类全面认识的新型传染病，要有效控制并消除疫情需要有一个过程。 中国政府是负责任的政府，始终把人民的身体健康和生命安全放在第一位。我们采取了果断措施，完善应急机制和社会救助机制，依靠科学，依靠群众在全国开展了一场预防“非典”的攻坚战。尽管任务非常艰巨，但我们有决心打赢这一仗。 中国人民抗击“非典”的斗争赢得了国际社会的广泛同情和支持。不久前，英政府决定向中国提供 500万美元的援助，体现了英国人民对中国人民的深情厚谊。中国有句老话，“患难见真情”，英方的友好举措博得了
19、中国人民的高度评价与赞赏。 英国医疗科技发达，研发实力雄厚，在传染病的防治等方面积累了不少有益经验，我们愿学习借鉴并开展合作。中华民族是在逆境中自强奋斗的民族，中国政府是勇于面对困难的政府。我们深信，中国人民在国际社会的支持下，经过不懈努力，一定能够驱散疫病的阴霾，迎来更大的繁荣和发展。 （分数：-1.00）_4.Passage 1 下面你将听到一段有关中美贸易关系的讲话。 在冷战结束后的新形势下，两国要不要及如何发展双边关系，是中美两国面临的重大课题。“永久正常贸易关系”的通过表明，在美国，支持发展中美关系的力量占了上风，美国政府、国会、工商企业界和公众的主流都支持以建设性的态度与中国打交道
20、。 其次，中美关系的内涵得到了丰富。经贸关系是两国总体关系的组成部分，中美互为重要贸易伙伴，美国还是中国的主要外资来源国，没有稳定、良好的经贸合作关系，政治关系就会空心化，就会缺乏前进的动力，失去公众的参与热情。良好的经贸合作关系可以对两国政治关系产生促进作用，特别是在政治关系出现波动时可发挥减震作用。 第三，增进了两国的互信和合作气氛。美国儿乎给予世界上所有国家正常贸易关系的待遇，惟独将中国这样一个大国排除在外。这本身就是一种歧视，一种不信任。不解决这个问题，中国人民就无法理解中美关系的必要性，就会怀疑美国的合作诚意。没有人民的支持和参与，国家关系就难以发展。同时，建立正常贸易关系后，随着商
21、品和人员往来的增加，投资和管理经验的引进，两国间的了解无疑会加深，误解也会减少。 第四，向中国在亚太地区的邻国发出积极的信号。中国是亚太大国，美国也自称是亚太国家，在地区有重要的影响力。中美友好，则亚太国家获益；中美敌对，则亚太国家遭殃。中美建立正常贸易关系，就是向亚太国家表明，两个大国愿意友好相处，有通过谈判解决分歧的意愿和能力。这对维护地区稳定，促进经济繁荣将产生长远影响。 （分数：-1.00）_翻译二级口译实务分类模拟题 14答案解析(总分：48.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part (总题数：2，分数：50.00)1.Passage 2 下面你将听到外国媒体有关中国能源形势的一段讲
22、话。 Tight electricity supply is constraining China“s economic growtha situation likely to persist for three to four years until new capacity comes online. The energy shortfall has not yet severely hampered U.S. business operations in China, but this remains a distinct possibility. Shortages have now
23、spread to two-thirds of China“s provinces, affecting Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, and other first-tier cities. Plants in China“s manufacturing heartland, the Pearl River Basin and East China now experience frequent mandatory shutdowns. Zhejiang and Jiangsu Provinces have imposed electricity rationi
24、ng. Many plants have installed costly back-up diesel generators. Shanghai“s demand for electricity outstrips supply by two to four million kilowatts. The tight supply is causing price increases at the front end of the manufacturing supply chain. High energy costs are a competitive disadvantage for C
25、hina in the world marketplace. Quality, quantity, and security of supply also are essential for China“s continued economic growth. Present restrictions on the direct sale of electricity, oil, and gas to industrial users promote inefficiency and non-competitiveness. Much of the current concern with t
26、he “overheating“ of China“s economy has been driven by the fear that the energy supply is not keeping up with the development of major energy-consuming industries. China“s rapid economic growth, especially in the construction and manufacturing sectors, is behind the electricity shortage. China“s ene
27、rgy industry has doubled in absolute terms during the last ten years, but such growth has been insufficient to meet demand. It takes five to seven years to design, construct, and commission a major thermal power plant, seven to ten years to explore and develop an oilfield, and five years to develop
28、a coalmine. All require extremely large capital investment. Despite the fact that China has the world“s second largest coal reserves and worldwide coal and coke prices are at eight-year highs, supply has not been able to keep up with demand. Efforts to raise electricity production in the near term h
29、ave been hampered by deficient railroad capacity, which has prevented coal from reaching power stations. While coal price cycles usually do not coincide with oil prices, current high prices in both commodities have supply straining to meet demand. While China only imported 0.6 percent of world oil s
30、upplies in 1995, it now imports 3 percent of the world“s oil. China, like the United States, is becoming increasingly vulnerable to disruptions in the world“s supply of oil. （分数：25.00）_正确答案：()解析：供电紧张正在制约中国的经济增长，这种情况有可能还要持续三四年，直至新的发电厂投产运营。虽然能源短缺尚未严重影响美国企业在中国的运营，这种可能性显然存在。电力短缺已蔓延到中国三分之二的省市，影响到北京、上海、广州
31、和其他一级城市。位于中国制造业中心的珠江三角洲和华东的厂家正频繁遭遇拉闸限电。 浙江和江苏两省则开始实行配额供电。不少工厂安装了昴贵的应急柴油发电机。上海市的电力缺口已达200-400万千瓦。供电紧张引起制造业供应链上游价格上涨。高成本能源已成为中国在全球市场竞争中的一个劣势，而能源的质量、数量和供应安全对中国经济的持续增长至关重要。 目前国家限制直接向工业用户出售电力、原油和天然气的作法降低了效率和竞争力。而人们对中国“经济过热”的关注很大程度上是由于担心能源不能满足主要耗能产业的发展。 中国经济的高速发展，尤其是建筑业和制造业的高速发展是电力短缺的原因所在。按绝对数字衡量，中国的能源工业较
32、十年前翻了一番，但仍然无法满足需求。设计、建设和投产一个大型热力发电厂要 5-7年时间，勘探和开发一个油田要 7-10年时间，开发一个煤矿则需要 5年时间，而且都需要巨额的投资。 尽管中国拥有世界第二大煤炭储量，而全球煤炭和焦碳的价格正处在 8年来的新高，中国的能源供应仍未能满足需求。铁路向电厂输送燃煤的运力不是也影响到短期内提高电力生产的努力。通常，煤炭和石油的价格涨落周期不同，但目前这两种商品的价格都居高不下，使供应很难满足需求。1995 年中国石油进口仅占全球石油供应量的 0.6%，现在这一比例已增至 3%。和美国一样，中国也日益受到世界石油市场动荡的影响。 解析 本文主要讨论中国的能源
33、形势。文章通过具体事例说明中国的电力供应情况不容乐观，并深入分析了电力紧张的原因。 本文要求考查应试者对中国电力方面基本知识的掌握情况，包括某些专门用语、具有中国特色的表达、专有名词等的掌握情况，以确定其翻译的基本素质；在此基础上，应试者还要在相当短的时间内对长难句理解并准确完整地翻译；对某些短语和单词确切理解其含义并能理解其在上下文语境中的确切用法，使全文的翻译不仅准确完整，而且符合本族语的语言习惯。 基本素质采分点 1energy shortfall 能源短缺 2first-tier cities 一级城市 3Pearl River Basin 珠江三角洲 4kilowatt 千瓦 5ma
34、ndatory shutdown 拉闸限电 6electricity rationing 配额供电 结构理解采分点 1Tight electricity supply is constraining China“s economic growtha situation likely to persist for three to four years until new capacity comes online 该句是简单句，破折号后面的名词性短语部分修饰该符号前的句子主干成分。该句可按中文句特点按自然顺序拆成两个中文句，破折号后面部分自成一句，但注意其中表抽象的单词 capacity应根据
35、上下文具体化为发电厂，因此，原句可译为“供电紧张正在制约中国的经济增长，这种情况有可能还要持续三四年，直至新的发电厂投产运营。” 2Present restrictions on the direct sale of electricity, oil, and gas to industrial users promote inefficiency and non-competitiveness 该句可根据原文自然语法顺序翻译，但需根据汉语惯用法，采取反语表达，如将 promote，inefficiency和 non-competitiveness反译，使整个译文通顺流畅。因此，原句可译为“目
36、前国家限制直接向工业用户出售电力、原油和天然气的作法降低了效率和竞争力。” 3Much of the current concern with the “overheating“ of China“s economy has been driven by the fear that the energy supply is not keeping up with the development of major energyconsuming industries 该句可按其正常语法结构顺序翻译，但要注意句中 be driven by(为所驱动)实际上表原因，这可以在译文中体现。因此，原句可译
37、为“而人们对中国经济过热的关注很大程度上是由于担心能源不能满足主要耗能产业的发展。” 4It takes five to seven years to design, construct, and commission a major thermal power plant, seven to ten years to explore and develop an oilfield, and five years to develop a coalmine. All require extremely large capital investment 该句主要结构是 It takes+时间+t
38、o do，翻译按套路译便可，需要注意的是要正确理解并翻译文中的动词。因此，原句可译为“设计、建设和投产一个大型热力发电厂要 5-7年时间，勘探和开发一个油田要 7-10年时间，开发一个煤矿则需要 5年时间，而且都需要巨额的投资。” 5China, like the United States, is becoming increasingly vulnerable to disruptions in the world“s supply of oil 本句译文要求按汉语习惯，先表达次要部分，再传递主要部分的含义，因此需要重组原句句子结构。原句可译为“和美国一样，中国也日益受到世界石油市场动荡的
39、影响。” 言语表达采分点 1come online 投产运营 2hamper 防碍 3back-up diesel generator 应急柴油发电机 4outstrip 超过，超越(文中在上下文背景下译作名词“缺口”) 5be behind. 是的原因所在 6commission 投产 7coal reserves 煤炭储量 8in the near term 短期内 9coincide with 与吻合 10straining 压力2.下面你将听到外商有关中国零售业发展情况的一段讲话。 China“s economy, once reliant on state spending in h
40、eavy industry, has increasingly looked to the retail sector for growth. Market-oriented reforms begun in 1978 have created a growing private sector, and much of that is concentrated in the retail trade. The state has also moved aggressively to tap the retail market as reforms put money in the pocket
41、s of the nation“s consumers. That has created a service economy where, sometimes, the customer really is king. Before the reforms took hold, a shopping excursion often meant a test of wills, with sleepy attendants at state-owned stores with little incentive to sell. Goods were often shoddy and carel
42、essly displayed. Shortages were common and ration coupons were needed to buy anything from rice to cloth and cooking oil. Those days are all but forgotten now. Broadly defined, retail consumption, estimated in excess of US $450 billion, is growing by about 10% annually. With a value added tax of 17%
43、 applied to all goods, the retail trade is a major contributor to state revenue. Since 1978, the private sector has embraced retailing in a big way. Government-owned factories have been forced to lay off millions of workers to trim costs and start making a profit. That has driven many of those worke
44、rs into the retail sector, with a high percentage operating privately-run comer shops, convenience stores, clothing shops, bars and restaurants, and even beauty parlors and dry cleaners. Foreign investors have also moved into the market in force, investing more than US $3 billion in China since 1992
45、. Headed by the likes of Carrefour and Wal-Mart, some 300 foreign-funded retailers with 2,200 chain stores have been approved and the pace is certain to accelerate following China“s entry into the WTO. While foreign-invested stores still account for only 2-4% of all retail sales, their impact has be
46、en profound. Their presence has forced local retailers to compete by expanding their scale of business and making their stores more attractive to customers. The new entrants in the market have brought an array of goods. While foreign brands were once reserved for the elite or wealthy foreigners, the
47、y are now aimed at local customers. （分数：25.00）_正确答案：()解析：参考译文 中国经济一度靠国家投资重工业来维持增长，而目前零售业已日趋成为经济的增长点。1978 年开始的市场经济改革使私人经济不断扩大，而其中很大部分都集中在零售业。随着改革使消费者的收入日益提高，国家加速了零售业的发展。服务产业的形成使顾客有时也有了当“上帝”的感觉。 改革前，逛街购物通常意味着对意志的考验，国营商场里那些昏昏欲睡的售货员们卖东西的积极性不高。货物的质量往往不够好，商品的摆放也是漫不经心。缺货断货是常有的事，大米、布匹、食用油都要凭票购买。那样的日子早已一去不复返
48、了。 广义上的零售消费额估计超过 4500亿美元，并以每年 10%的速度递增。加上所有商品 17%的增值税，零售业已成为国家财政收入的主要来源之一。自 1978年以来，私营经济大规模进入零售业。国有企业为了降低成本和赢利被迫大批裁减职工。许多下岗职工进入零售业，不少人经营小卖铺、便利店、服装店、酒吧、餐馆，甚至美容店和干洗店。 国外投资商也大举进入零售市场。自 1992年以来，他们在中国的投资已超过 30亿美元。以家乐福和沃尔玛为首，约 300家外资零售商获准在中国设立 2200家连锁店。随着中国的入世，这一发展速度肯定还要加快。虽然外商在零售总额中只占 2%4%，但他们对市场却产生了深远的影响。外商的存在促使国内零售企业
