1、翻译二级口译实务-33 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPart /B(总题数：2，分数：50.00)1.HIV/AIDS is now recognized clearly as a growing threat to China. According to official Chinese estimates, China now has approximately 840,000 persons infected with HIV. As of the end of 2003, only 62,159 persons had been tested and o
2、fficially confirmed to be HIV-positive. The remaining HIV-positive persons in China, estimated at 780,000 persons or more, are not known to public health authorities, and the individuals themselves probably do not know their status, posing significant risks for the further spread of HIV. Senior Chin
3、ese officials, as well as international experts operational in China, now assert that HIV is steadily moving from source population such as injecting drag users and commercial sex workers into the general population.However, China has made important advances in outlook, policy and resource commitmen
4、ts. New leaders have emerged in China with a stronger commitment to improving social welfare and to addressing HIV/AIDS in particular. China has initiated a more proactive response to the HIV/AIDS challenge, including a national treatment and care program. New policy guidelines promote “four frees a
5、nd one care“: free drug treatment for poor citizens, free testing and counseling for poor citizens, free treatment to prevent mother-to-child transmission of HIV, free schooling for AIDS orphans, and care for families affected by HIV/AIDS. Senior leaders have committed to implementing harm reduction
6、 strategies, including condom promotion, needle exchange, and methadone substitution therapy for drug addicts.Formidable challenges lie ahead. In spite of many positive developments, daunting challenges - political, technical, and normative - lie ahead for China to combat HIV/AIDS. It is difficult t
7、o overstate the scale and challenges in terms of planning, costs, logistics, human resources, technical capacity, and the pervasive problems posed by stigma. Weak and incomplete national HIV testing and surveillance system, debilitated and dysfunctional public health system, particularly in rural ar
8、eas, serious lack of qualified personnel and the necessary equipment and technologies to properly diagnose, counsel, treat, monitor and care for HIV/ADS, just to name a few.US-based commentators have suggested that success in addressing HIV/AIDS in China will require continued high-level leadership,
9、 both in China and internationally. For engaged US policymakers, as well as country leaders and heads of international organizations, priority should lie in near to medium-term steps which sustain Chinese leaderships focus on HIV/AIDS and public health. Chinas formidable structural and organizationa
10、l weaknesses must be addressed systematically. Failure to implement a more strategically coordinated plan risks the loss of international support over time. Prevention and awareness should receive higher priority in Chinas strategic national Plan to combat HIV/AIDS. And human resources development,
11、through education and training of medical professionals, is crucial. （分数：25.00）_2.It stands to reason that for an organization to act intelligently, first and foremost, it must have a clear and unambiguous sense of purpose.The leaders of the enterprise have to provide direction or a sense of destiny
12、 before they can harness the collective talents and skills of everyone to move forward. And unless that reason for existing resonates with the rank-and-file, not much forward momentum will be created.An organizations sense of purpose has three distinct elements:First, a sound strategic concept which
13、 details why the organization has been formed and what it is hoped it will achieve. This may be articulated in a succinct and applicable mission statement.For example, Disneys strategic concept is “to deliver a rich customer experience which is full of fun and fantasy delivered in a theatrical envir
14、onment“.To retain its relevance, the strategic concept should be systematically evaluated each year and updated to reflect new trends, threats or opportunities.Second, a workable value proposition by which the organization will convert the value it adds for customers into revenue. The value proposit
15、ion is the organizations promise to the marketplace.Third, a good business model which will provide the infrastructure by which the value proposition will be executed week-in and week-out.In an organization where these three elements are under constant evaluation and discussion, the leaders are able
16、 to respond to the evolving business environment appropriately.In practice, strategic vision is the capacity of an organizations leaders to create, evolve and express the purpose of the business enterprise. If the leaders are incapable of evolving that business concept over time, the organization wi
17、ll drift from one idea to the next.Conversely, strong leaders will have a vibrant and robust strategic concept in place, value proposition and business model. They will bring to the task what can be termed “bifocal vision“, that is, strong leaders will have the capacity to respond to the challenges
18、of the present without losing sight of where the organization needs to be heading in the future. （分数：25.00）_二、BPart /B(总题数：2，分数：50.00)3.下面你将听到一段关于中国教育状况的介绍。中国人历来重视教育，实施“独生子女”政策后尤为如此。中国家庭的平均教育支出约占其收入的 15%，而据中国社会调查所的一项研究成果显示，有 43%的家庭都设立了专门账户，用来支付孩子的教育费用。近年来，私立学校也开始在中国流行起来。这些学校鼓励校方和家长共同为学校募集办学资金。现在每个在校
19、生的教育费用有三分之一来自政府以外的渠道。在中国，考取大学的竞争十分激烈，因而越来越多的学生选择到国外，特别是英国深造。现在去英国深造的中国学生人数超过了任何一个西方国家。据中国驻英使馆统计，目前英国共有 6.5 万名中国留学生。这些学生每年为英国大学带来高达 2.5 亿英镑的学费收入。在建国以来的 55 年里，中国在教育方面取得了巨大的进步。据联合国称，1949 年中国的文盲率高达80%，而到了 2002 年中国的文盲率已降至 15%以下。尽管如此，据联合国统计，中国的人均教育经费在 129 个国家里仅名列第 100 名。中国政府意识到，要提高这一世界排名，还需要投入更多的资源。为了进一步提
20、高教育水平，中国政府计划到 2010 年将教育经费增加到占国内生产总值 4%的水平。而在 10年前，教育经费只占当年国内生产总值的 2.6%。 （分数：25.00）_4.下面你将听到一段有关中美贸易关系的讲话。在冷战结束后的新形势下，两国要不要及如何发展双边关系，是中美两国面临的重大课题。“永久正常贸易关系”的通过表明，在美国，支持发展中美关系的力量占了上风，美国政府、国会、工商企业界和公众的主流都支持以建设性的态度与中国打交道。其次，中美关系的内涵得到了丰富。经贸关系是两国总体关系的组成部分，中美互为重要贸易伙伴，美国还是中国的主要外资来源国，没有稳定、良好的经贸合作关系，政治关系就会空心化
21、，就会缺乏前进的动力，失去公众的参与热情。良好的经贸合作关系可以对两国政治关系产生促进作用，特别是在政治关系出现波动时可发挥减震作用。第三，增进了两国的互信和合作气氛。美国几乎给予世界上所有国家正常贸易关系的待遇，惟独将中国这样一个大国排除在外。这本身就是一种歧视，一种不信任。不解决这个问题，中国人民就无法理解中美关系的必要性，就会怀疑美国的合作诚意。没有人民的支持和参与，国家关系就难以发展。同时，建立正常贸易关系后，随着商品和人员往来的增加，投资和管理经验的引进，两国间的了解无疑会加深，误解也会减少。第四，向中国在亚太地区的邻国发出积极的信号。中国是亚太大国，美国也自称是亚太国家，在地区有重
22、要的影响力。中美友好，则亚太国家获益；中美敌对，则亚太国家遭殃。中美建立正常贸易关系，就是向亚太国家表明，两个大国愿意友好相处，有通过谈判解决分歧的意愿和能力。这对维护地区稳定，促进经济繁荣将产生长远影响。 （分数：25.00）_翻译二级口译实务-33 答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPart /B(总题数：2，分数：50.00)1.HIV/AIDS is now recognized clearly as a growing threat to China. According to official Chinese estimates, China now has
23、 approximately 840,000 persons infected with HIV. As of the end of 2003, only 62,159 persons had been tested and officially confirmed to be HIV-positive. The remaining HIV-positive persons in China, estimated at 780,000 persons or more, are not known to public health authorities, and the individuals
24、 themselves probably do not know their status, posing significant risks for the further spread of HIV. Senior Chinese officials, as well as international experts operational in China, now assert that HIV is steadily moving from source population such as injecting drag users and commercial sex worker
25、s into the general population.However, China has made important advances in outlook, policy and resource commitments. New leaders have emerged in China with a stronger commitment to improving social welfare and to addressing HIV/AIDS in particular. China has initiated a more proactive response to th
26、e HIV/AIDS challenge, including a national treatment and care program. New policy guidelines promote “four frees and one care“: free drug treatment for poor citizens, free testing and counseling for poor citizens, free treatment to prevent mother-to-child transmission of HIV, free schooling for AIDS
27、 orphans, and care for families affected by HIV/AIDS. Senior leaders have committed to implementing harm reduction strategies, including condom promotion, needle exchange, and methadone substitution therapy for drug addicts.Formidable challenges lie ahead. In spite of many positive developments, dau
28、nting challenges - political, technical, and normative - lie ahead for China to combat HIV/AIDS. It is difficult to overstate the scale and challenges in terms of planning, costs, logistics, human resources, technical capacity, and the pervasive problems posed by stigma. Weak and incomplete national
29、 HIV testing and surveillance system, debilitated and dysfunctional public health system, particularly in rural areas, serious lack of qualified personnel and the necessary equipment and technologies to properly diagnose, counsel, treat, monitor and care for HIV/ADS, just to name a few.US-based comm
30、entators have suggested that success in addressing HIV/AIDS in China will require continued high-level leadership, both in China and internationally. For engaged US policymakers, as well as country leaders and heads of international organizations, priority should lie in near to medium-term steps whi
31、ch sustain Chinese leaderships focus on HIV/AIDS and public health. Chinas formidable structural and organizational weaknesses must be addressed systematically. Failure to implement a more strategically coordinated plan risks the loss of international support over time. Prevention and awareness shou
32、ld receive higher priority in Chinas strategic national Plan to combat HIV/AIDS. And human resources development, through education and training of medical professionals, is crucial. （分数：25.00）_正确答案：(当前在中国，艾滋病毒和艾滋病被视为正在上升的一大威胁。据中国官方估计，中国已有约84 万人感染了艾滋病毒。但截止 2003 年底，仅有 62159 人经检查确诊为艾滋病毒阳性，其余 78 万或更多的艾
33、滋病毒阳性人员的情况并不为公共卫生部门所知，当事人自己对此或许也不清楚，这就构成了艾滋病毒进一步传播的重大危险。中国资深官员和在华国际专家都认为，艾滋病毒在中国正从一些特定群体，如注射吸毒人员和卖淫人员，向普通人群扩散。 不过，中国在观念、政策和资源投入方面已取得了重要的进步。新就任的领导人对改善社会福利，特别是处理艾滋病毒和艾滋病问题加大了投入。中国对艾滋病问题做出了更加积极的反应，包括了实行全国性的救治计划。新的方针鼓励“四免一关怀”，即对贫困患者药品免费，检查和治疗免费，防止母婴传染治疗免费，艾滋病孤儿上学免费，以及关怀感染艾滋病毒和艾滋病的家庭等。中国的高级领导人还承诺执行减轻危害的政
34、策，比如鼓励吸毒者使用安全套，针具以旧换新，以及进行美莎酮替代疗法等。 严峻的挑战还在前面，尽管中国已取得很多积极进展，但要战胜艾滋病，在政治、技术和标准方面还面临着十分艰巨的挑战。就规划、成本、后勤、人力资源、技术能力以及艾滋病羞耻所引起的普遍问题来看，其规模之大，问题之严重，无论如何强调都不过分。这里仅举几例：脆弱和不完整的全国性艾滋病毒检查和监测系统，破败而难以发挥作用的公共卫生系统，特别在农村地区，以及在为艾滋病毒和艾滋病感染者提供正常的诊断、咨询、救治、监测和照顾方面严重缺少合格工作人员，必要的设备和技术。 在美国的评论家认为，解决好中国的艾滋病问题，需要中国国内和国际上的高层继续发
35、挥领导作用。关心此事的美国决策人士，各国领导人和国际组织的负责人应把制订近期和中期措施作为工作重点，促使中国领导层继续关注艾滋病毒、艾滋病和公共卫生问题。中国巨大的结构和组织缺陷必须系统地加以整顿。如果不能执行一项策略上更加协调的计划将可能随着时间的推移失去国际上对它的支持。预防和宣传应在中国的抗击艾滋病毒和艾滋病的全国计划中处在更明显的地位。而通过教育和医疗专业人员的训练而开展人力资源的开发更是十分重要的。)解析：解析 本文是关于中国艾滋病问题的评论，内容涉及中国艾滋病的现状和对策。本文要求应试者具有一定医学方面的专门知识，这些知识构成考查应试者基本素质的内容，在较为短暂的时间内，应试者还需
36、对复杂的长难句作出判断，使翻译不仅信息完整正确，还要基本符合汉语习惯。在此基础上，应试者还要对文中的某些单词或短语作出判断，使其翻译不仅正确还要符合上下文语境的需要。 基本素质采分点 1HIV/AIDS 艾滋病病毒/艾滋病 2HIV-positive 艾滋病毒阳性 3methadone substitution therapy 美莎酮替代疗法 结构理解采分点 1The remaining HIV-positive persons in China，estimated at 780,000 persons or more，are not known to public health author
37、ities，and the individuals themselves probably do not know their status，posing significant risks for the further spread of HIV 该句是用 and 连缀的并列句。在连缀信息上，分词起了重要作用，前半句使用了过去分词做定语，后半句使用现在分词做状语。翻译时，可随汉语习惯，将分词短语部分变为简短分句。因此，原句可译为“其余 78 万或更多的艾滋病毒阳性人员的情况并不为公共卫生部门所知，当事人自己对此或许也不清楚，这就构成了艾滋病毒进一步传播的重大危险。” 2New leader
38、s have emerged in China with a stronger commitment to improving social welfare and to addressing HIV/AIDS in particular 原句中 have emerged 本为全句谓语，但在译文中为避免重复啰嗦，可略去不译，这就需要将原文中 with a stronger commitment 介词短语用做译文的谓语为“加大投入”，因此原句可译为“新就任的领导人对改善社会福利，特别是处理艾滋病毒和艾滋病问题加大了投入。” 3In spite of many positive developme
39、nts，daunting challengespolitical，technical，and normativelie ahead for China to combat HIV/AIDS 该句中固定表达 in spite of 可根据中文习惯译为“尽管但是”，因此，原句可译为“尽管中国已取得很多积极进展，但要战胜艾滋病，在政治、技术和标准方面还面临着十分艰巨的挑战。” 4It is difficult to overstate the scale and challenges in terms of planning，costs，logistics， human resources，tech
40、nical capacity，and the pervasive problems posed by stigma 根据中文可将较长的补充修饰成分前置的特点，将原句中in terms of 短语内容置于译文句首；因此，原句可译为“就规划、成本、后勤、人力资源、技术能力以及艾滋病羞耻所引起的普遍问题来看，其规模之大，问题之严重，无论如何强调都不过分。” 5For engaged US policymakers，as well as country leaders and heads of international organizations，priority should lie in nea
41、r-to medium-term steps which sustain Chinese leaderships focus on HIV/AIDS and public health. 原文中主语是抽象名词 priority，根据汉语表达直观、具体的特点，可将原文句首的 for介词短语用做全句主语。因此，原句可译为“关心此事的美国决策人士，各国领导人和国际组织的负责人应把制定近期和中期措施作为工作重点，促使中国领导层继续关注艾滋病毒、艾滋病和公共卫生问题。” 言语表达采分点 1infected with HIV 感染艾滋病病毒 2pose significant risks for 对构成重
42、大危险 3resource commitment 资源投入 4proactive 更为积极的 5four frees and one care 四免一关怀 6needle exchange 针具以旧换新 7daunting challenge 严峻的挑战 8surveillance system 监测系统 9address HIV/AIDS 解决艾滋病问题 10near-to medium-term 近期和中期2.It stands to reason that for an organization to act intelligently, first and foremost, it m
43、ust have a clear and unambiguous sense of purpose.The leaders of the enterprise have to provide direction or a sense of destiny before they can harness the collective talents and skills of everyone to move forward. And unless that reason for existing resonates with the rank-and-file, not much forwar
44、d momentum will be created.An organizations sense of purpose has three distinct elements:First, a sound strategic concept which details why the organization has been formed and what it is hoped it will achieve. This may be articulated in a succinct and applicable mission statement.For example, Disne
45、ys strategic concept is “to deliver a rich customer experience which is full of fun and fantasy delivered in a theatrical environment“.To retain its relevance, the strategic concept should be systematically evaluated each year and updated to reflect new trends, threats or opportunities.Second, a wor
46、kable value proposition by which the organization will convert the value it adds for customers into revenue. The value proposition is the organizations promise to the marketplace.Third, a good business model which will provide the infrastructure by which the value proposition will be executed week-i
47、n and week-out.In an organization where these three elements are under constant evaluation and discussion, the leaders are able to respond to the evolving business environment appropriately.In practice, strategic vision is the capacity of an organizations leaders to create, evolve and express the pu
48、rpose of the business enterprise. If the leaders are incapable of evolving that business concept over time, the organization will drift from one idea to the next.Conversely, strong leaders will have a vibrant and robust strategic concept in place, value proposition and business model. They will bring to the task what can be termed “bifocal vision“, that is, strong leader
