1、翻译三级笔译实务模拟 28 及答案解析(总分：30.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section English Ch(总题数：1，分数：10.00)1.Both societies, moreover, have developed to the highest levels the arts of business and commerce, of buying and selling, and of advertising and mass producing. Few sights are more reassuring to Americans that the tens of t
2、housands of bustling stores seen in Japan, especially the beautiful, well-stocked department stores. To American eyes, they seem just like Macy“s or Neiman Marcus at home. In addition, both Japan and America are consumer societies. The people of both countries love to shop and are enthusiastic consu
3、mers of convenience products and fast foods. Vending machines selling everything from fresh flowers to hot coffee are as popular in Japan as they are in America, and fast-food noodle shops are as common in Japan as McDonald“s restaurants are in America. （分数：10.00）_二、Section Chinese-En(总题数：1，分数：20.00
4、)2.从技术角度讲，除食品外，任何能改变我们生理和心理机能的物质都是药物。许多人错误地认为“药物”这个词仅指某些药品或嗜毒者服用的违禁化学品。他们没有认识到像酒精、烟草这些熟悉的物质也是药物。这也就是为什么许多医生和心理学家现在使用了一个更为中性的词物质，他们常用“物质滥用”而不是“药物滥用”来清楚表明滥用酒精和烟草这样的物质同滥用海洛因和可卡因一样有害。 在我们生活的社会里，物质(药物)被广泛地使用于社交和治疗：服阿司匹林来缓解头痛，喝点儿酒来应酬，早晨喝咖啡来提神，吸支烟镇定一下情绪等。使用这些物质得到了社会认可，而且显然具有积极的一面，但什么时候变成滥用了呢?首先，大多数物质使用过量都会
5、产生副作用，譬如中毒或反复使用一种物质可导致上瘾或对该物质(药物)的依赖。依赖的最初表现为耐受力增强，用量越来越大才能达到预期效果，一旦停用就会出现不舒服的停药症状。 作用于中枢神经系统改变感觉、情绪和行为的药物(物质)被称为对神经系统起作用的物质。这类物质一般分为兴奋剂、镇静剂或幻觉剂。兴奋剂主要起到加速或刺激中枢神经系统活动的作用，而镇静剂则相反：使其活动减慢。幻觉剂主要作用于人的感觉，以各种不同的方式对感觉加以扭曲和改变，其中包括产生幻觉。这些物质常被认为能“引起幻觉”(psychedelic 一词源自希腊语，意思是“心灵显现”)，因为它们似乎能改变人的感觉状态。 （分数：20.00）_
6、翻译三级笔译实务模拟 28 答案解析(总分：30.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section English Ch(总题数：1，分数：10.00)1.Both societies, moreover, have developed to the highest levels the arts of business and commerce, of buying and selling, and of advertising and mass producing. Few sights are more reassuring to Americans that the tens of th
7、ousands of bustling stores seen in Japan, especially the beautiful, well-stocked department stores. To American eyes, they seem just like Macy“s or Neiman Marcus at home. In addition, both Japan and America are consumer societies. The people of both countries love to shop and are enthusiastic consum
8、ers of convenience products and fast foods. Vending machines selling everything from fresh flowers to hot coffee are as popular in Japan as they are in America, and fast-food noodle shops are as common in Japan as McDonald“s restaurants are in America. （分数：10.00）_正确答案：()解析：商业、买卖、广告及批量生产等方面的艺术在两种社会中都
9、发展到了很高的水平。对美国人来说，在日本到处可见的成千上万家顾客盈门的商店，特别是那些漂亮和商品陈列得琳琅满目的百货公司对美国人来说，很少再有其他地方比此更令人放心的了。在美国人的眼里，它们似乎就像美国国内的 Macy“s 或Neiman Marcus 一样。此外，日本和美国均为消费者社会，两国的人民都酷爱购物，他们都是便利商品和快餐的热情消费者。和在美国一样，在日本销售鲜花到热咖啡等几乎所有商品的售货机相当普及；在日本快餐面店就像美国的 McDonald“s(麦当劳快餐店)一样普及。二、Section Chinese-En(总题数：1，分数：20.00)2.从技术角度讲，除食品外，任何能改变
10、我们生理和心理机能的物质都是药物。许多人错误地认为“药物”这个词仅指某些药品或嗜毒者服用的违禁化学品。他们没有认识到像酒精、烟草这些熟悉的物质也是药物。这也就是为什么许多医生和心理学家现在使用了一个更为中性的词物质，他们常用“物质滥用”而不是“药物滥用”来清楚表明滥用酒精和烟草这样的物质同滥用海洛因和可卡因一样有害。 在我们生活的社会里，物质(药物)被广泛地使用于社交和治疗：服阿司匹林来缓解头痛，喝点儿酒来应酬，早晨喝咖啡来提神，吸支烟镇定一下情绪等。使用这些物质得到了社会认可，而且显然具有积极的一面，但什么时候变成滥用了呢?首先，大多数物质使用过量都会产生副作用，譬如中毒或反复使用一种物质可
11、导致上瘾或对该物质(药物)的依赖。依赖的最初表现为耐受力增强，用量越来越大才能达到预期效果，一旦停用就会出现不舒服的停药症状。 作用于中枢神经系统改变感觉、情绪和行为的药物(物质)被称为对神经系统起作用的物质。这类物质一般分为兴奋剂、镇静剂或幻觉剂。兴奋剂主要起到加速或刺激中枢神经系统活动的作用，而镇静剂则相反：使其活动减慢。幻觉剂主要作用于人的感觉，以各种不同的方式对感觉加以扭曲和改变，其中包括产生幻觉。这些物质常被认为能“引起幻觉”(psychedelic 一词源自希腊语，意思是“心灵显现”)，因为它们似乎能改变人的感觉状态。 （分数：20.00）_正确答案：()解析：Technicall
12、y, any substance other than food that alters our bodily or mental functioning is a drug. Many people mistakenly believe the term drug refers only to some sort of medicine or an illegal chemical taken by drug addicts. They don“t realize that familiar substances such as alcohol and tobacco are also dr
13、ugs. This is why the more neutral term substance is now used by many physicians and psychologists. The phrase “substance abuse“ is often used instead of “drug abuse“ to make clear that substances such as alcohol and tobacco can be just as harmfully misused as heroin and cocaine. We live a society in
14、 which the medicinal and social use of substances (drugs) is pervasive: an aspirin to quiet a headache, some wine to be sociable, coffee to get going in the morning, a cigarette for the nerves. When do these socially acceptable and apparently constructive uses of a substance become misuses? First of
15、 all, most substances taken in excess will produce negative effects such as poisoning or intense perceptual distortions. Repeated use of a substance can also lead to physical addiction or substance dependence. Dependence is marked first by an increased tolerance, with more and more of the substance
16、required to produce the desired effect, and then by the appearance of unpleasant withdrawal symptoms when the substance is discontinued. Drugs (substances) that affect the central nervous system and alter perception, mood, and behavior are known as psychoactive substances. Psychoactive substances ar
17、e commonly grouped according to whether they are stimulants, depressants, or hallucinogens. Stimulants initially speed up or activate the central nervous system, whereas depressants slow it down. Hallucinogens have their primary effect on perception, distorting and altering it in a variety of ways including producing hallucinations. These are the substances often called psychedelic (from the Greek word meaning “mind-manifesting“) because they seemed to radically alter one“s state of consciousness.
