1、大学英语四级分类模拟题 352及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：0，分数：0.00)Some fish can swim in water below 0, low enough to freeze the blood of most creatures. However, some fish and insects can stay alive in the freezing water. One key to survival is a special protein in the fish“s blood. The
2、 chemical is called the Antifreeze Protein, otherwise known as AFP and is commonly found in fish that live in cold waters. What does AFP do in these fish? First, we need to understand what happens when water freezes. When the temperature of the water drops below-1.0, tiny particles of ice start form
3、ing in the water. Each particle becomes larger and then sticks to other particles, forming blocks of ice. Fish take in this water and tiny particles of ice also form inside a fish“s body. However, the AFP in the blood of the fish surrounds these particles, preventing them from sticking together to f
4、orm bigger pieces of ice. The application of AFP is promising. For example, AFP can be used to alter the taste and texture of ice-cream. It can also be used to store meat and vegetables more effectively by protecting food products from the formation of ice. Another application is in medical field, a
5、s AFP can help preserve organs for transplantation without freezing them. Scientists have known about AFP for more than 30 years, yet few of the technologies that use the AFP exist today. The process of getting the necessary amount of AFP from fish to make products was only recently discovered. Some
6、 companies in the United States and Canada have already made products using AFP, but they have yet to become popular. Although some researchers in Japan discovered that some local fish contained AFP and succeeded in creating AFP in the laboratory, more research is necessary. AFP tests will continue
7、for these fish out of the water.（分数：10.00）(1).The Antifreeze Protein _.（分数：2.00）A.is a kind of protein that many fish have stored in their bodiesB.is found in certain fish that live in extremely cold waterC.increases the freezing process of water in the oceanD.is the key to finding the location of f
8、ish in cold regions(2).How does AFP work?（分数：2.00）A.It covers the small ice particles so that they remain separated from each other.B.It turns ice back into water by breaking down ice piece by piece.C.It allows the fish to find places in the ocean that have warmer temperatures.D.It forms a protectiv
9、e layer around the fish“s body, keeping it warmer.(3).Why is AFP not widely used?（分数：2.00）A.It is only found in the blood offish that lives in colder seas.B.The technology to utilize AFP has yet to be improved upon.C.The protein will not be safe for another 30 years.D.Countries such as Canada and Ja
10、pan want to do more research first.(4).What can AFP possibly do in the future?（分数：2.00）A.Make fresh fruits and vegetables taste better.B.Protect dried meat from being damaged by ice.C.Keep meat and vegetables from going bad.D.Help doctors freeze organs for transplantation.(5).Which of the following
11、statements is true?（分数：2.00）A.AFP was discovered more than three centuries ago.B.Few scientists are interested in continuing research on AFP.C.AFP can raise the temperature of any liquid.D.Scientists are thinking of a variety of ways to use AFP.Until the invention of the modern washing machine, most
12、 people washed their clothes by hand. In the 20th century, however, washing machine became common, and washing clothes became much easier. Washing machines, though, have some serious disadvantages. One is that they need a great deal of clean water. Another is that, in many countries, hot water is us
13、ed in the machines. This consumes a lot of energy. In the United Kingdom, for example, about one-third of household energy is used for heating water, including that used to wash clothes. Now, a British company has invented a washing machine that solves these problems by using small plastic beads to
14、absorb dirt and clean the clothes. First, a little water is added to the clothes to get them wet. Then, the beads are mixed with the clothes until they have taken away all the dirt and stains. When the process is over, the little beads are removed by the machine, and the clothes are left almost dry.
15、 Because the beads can be used over and over, the machine costs very little to operate. The new machine is based on the research of Stephen Burkinshaw, a chemist at the University of Leeds in the U.K. For a long time, Burkinshaw has been studying ways to make plastic materials a different color. A f
16、ew years ago, he noticed that many kinds of plastic, especially nylon, attract dirt in warm and wet conditions, the surface of the nylon remains clean. For this reason, beads made of nylon can be used repeatedly until they are completely full of dirt. The new washing machine can save households a gr
17、eat deal of the money they spend on water and energy. At the same time, the machines are very good for the environment. The United States, for example, uses 1.25 billion metric tons of water on washing clothes every year. If the new machines were adopted there, 90 percent of this water could be save
18、d. The saving of electricity, meanwhile, would help decrease the amount of carbon dioxide produced by power plants. For these reasons, the company is hoping that its new “waterless“ washing machines will be widely used in the future.（分数：10.00）(1).What is one problem with the washing machines used in
19、 many countries?（分数：2.00）A.Many people de not have enough money to buy one.B.They consume one-third of the water used in homes.C.A lot of energy is required to heat the water they use.D.They do not get clothes as clean as washing by hand.(2).The small plastic beads used by the new washing machine _.
20、（分数：2.00）A.are separated from the clothes when the cleaning process has finishedB.contain enough water and energy to wash the clothesC.stop the clothes from being damaged while they are being washedD.must be taken out to be cleaned each time the machine is used(3).What did Stephen Burkinshaw learn a
21、bout nylon?（分数：2.00）A.It absorbs dirt from other objects in certain conditions.B.It causes other plastic objects to stick to wet clothes.C.It can be made into clothes that can be washed very easily.D.It changes color when it comes into contact with dirty clothes.(4).What is one reason the new washin
22、g machines may be good for the environment?（分数：2.00）A.People who use them would wash their clothes less often.B.They could reduce the amount of carbon dioxide being released.C.The plastic beads from them can be used for other purposes.D.The water in them is recycled over and over until it is dirty.(
23、5).Which of the following statements is true?（分数：2.00）A.Burkinshaw“s research has already helped the United States to save a lot of water.B.Burkinshaw“s research was originally about ways to change the color of plastic materials.C.The new machines can wash clothes more quickly than ordinary washing
24、machines.D.The new machines are better at washing nylon clothes than those made from other materials.A very interesting and important development in science is a device called laser. A laser is a machine which produces a light beam. The light produced by a laser is a very special kind of light. The
25、light, called laser beam, is powerful and can be made to do many things. The laser was first developed in 1960, about half a century ago. There are many different uses for lasers and several different types have been developed. Some use gases to produce the light beam. The gases are heated and coole
26、d, and these processes cause the gases to produce energy in the form of light. One special point of lasers is that the light beam can be stored. If the stored light is then suddenly let go, it is extremely powerful. The light from a laser beam can be used either by storing it and letting it go sudde
27、nly, or by using it in a continuous stream. There are three important areas where the control of the laser beam has been put into use by scientists. These areas are industry, communications, and medicine. In each area, the scientists have been able to use the laser to do things that they could not d
28、o in another way. The laser has been very helpful. In industry, the laser beam has been used for measurement and drilling. When something large is being builtfor example, a large bridgeit is important to have very accurate measurements. By accurate measurement, lasers are also helpful in laying down
29、 pipelines over long distances. As lasers become more common in industry, there will be more and more uses for them.（分数：10.00）(1).A laser beam is _.（分数：2.00）A.a light produced half a century agoB.powerful and has many usesC.a very important deviceD.a kind of light from space(2).What is one special p
30、oint of lasers?（分数：2.00）A.It“s possible to store the light beam.B.The gases are heated and cooled.C.There are some different types of lasers.D.They can use the beam in a continuous stream.(3).The laser beam can be used _.（分数：2.00）A.only in the areas of constructionB.to cure a patient of a diseaseC.i
31、n a few areas because it“s not so powerfulD.to do whatever people want to(4).What is important in building large things?（分数：2.00）A.To drill holes accurately.B.To lay down long pipelines.C.To cut pipes by lasers.D.To measure accurately.(5).The best title for the passage is _.（分数：2.00）A.The LightB.The
32、 LaserC.A Laser BeamD.The use of LaserIf you“re like most people, you“re way too smart for advertising. You skip right past newspaper ads, never click on ads online and leave the room during TV commercials. That, at least, is what we tell ourselves. But what we tell ourselves is wrong. Advertising w
33、orks, which is why, even in hard economic times, Madison Avenue is a $34 billion-a-year business. And if Martin Lindstromauthor of the best seller Buyology and a marketing consultant for Fortune 500 companies, including PepsiCo and Disneyis correct, trying to tune this stuff out is about to get a wh
34、ole lot harder. Lindstrom is a practitioner of neuromarketing (神经营销学) research, in which consumers are exposed to ads while hooked up to machines that monitor brain activity, sweat responses and movements in face muscles, all of which are markers of emotion. According to his studies, 83% of all form
35、s of advertising principally engage only one of our senses: sight. Hearing, however, can be just as powerful, though advertisers have taken only limited advantage of it. Historically, ads have relied on slogans to catch our ear, largely ignoring everyday soundsa baby laughing and other noises our bo
36、dies can“t help paying attention to. Weave this stuff into an ad campaign, and we may be powerless to resist it. To figure out what most appeals to our ear, Lindstrom wired up his volunteers, then played them recordings of dozens of familiar sounds, from McDonald“s wide-spread “I“m Lovin“ It“ slogan
37、 to cigarettes being lit. The sound that blew the doors off all the restboth in terms of interest and positive feelingswas a baby giggling. The other high-ranking sounds were less original but still powerful. The sound of a vibrating cell phone was Lindstrom“s second-place finisher. Others that foll
38、owed were an ATM distributing cash and a soda being burst open and poured. In all of these cases, it didn“t take an advertiser to invent the sounds, combine them with meaning and then play them over and over until the subjects being part of them. Rather, the sounds already had meaning and thus fuele
39、d a series of reactions: hunger, thirst, happy expectation.（分数：10.00）(1).As is mentioned in the first paragraph, most people believe that _.（分数：2.00）A.ads are a waste of timeB.they are easily misled by adsC.they are not influenced by adsD.ads are unavoidable in life(2).What do we know about Madison
40、Avenue in hard economic times?（分数：2.00）A.It becomes more thriving by advertising.B.It turns to advertising so as to survive.C.It helps spread the influence of advertising.D.It keeps being prosperous thanks to advertising.(3).What do we learn about PepsiCo and Disney from the passage?（分数：2.00）A.Linds
41、trom was inspired by them to write a book.B.They get marketing advice from Lindstrom.C.Lindstrom helps them to go through hard times.D.They attribute their success to Lindstrom.(4).It is pointed out by Lindstrom that advertisers should _.（分数：2.00）A.rely more on neuromarketingB.rely less on slogansC.
42、rely less on sign effectD.rely more on everyday sounds(5).It is found by Lindstrom that a baby giggling is _.（分数：2.00）A.the most touchingB.the most familiarC.the most distinctiveD.the most impressiveWhen a New Yorker was hiking in Europe, his Swiss friend kept saying “Listen to that!“ but he didn“t
43、hear anything. His ears were accustomed to loud city noises and it was days before he was able to notice the sound of a bird. For most of us, silence has become a rare experience. There is background music in restaurants, bars, stores, rest rooms, elevators, and when you are waiting on the telephone
44、. Russell Baker blames “society“s determination to entertain you whether you like it or not.“ People may say they yearn for quiet, but in practice they avoid it. They drive with the car radio turned up, switch on the television when they get home, and exercise while listening to music on headphones.
45、 The noise suggests that people have a spiritual problem. They can buy things in stores, but they do not have enough human contact. So they fill their lives with sound. Sometimes the reason for the noise is primitive. Young men play their car stereos loudly in order to create a personal environment
46、around them. Like animals, they are marking a territory to warn rivals away and to attract a mate. It may also be true that the brain itself wants excitement just as the stomach insists on food. Unlike in the past, we now have modern technology to supply a constant flood of sounds. This seems extrem
47、e. Perhaps we would be better off if we sought periods of silence to provide balance.（分数：10.00）(1).What was the sound that the New Yorker could not hear?（分数：2.00）A.The sayings of the Swiss.B.The sound of a bird.C.Background music.D.The telephone.(2).Why can“t city people hear very well?（分数：2.00）A.Th
48、ey are accustomed to loud sounds.B.They rarely go out hiking.C.They spend too much time in elevators and the like.D.They are determined to be entertained.(3).Sound is used to replace _.（分数：2.00）A.human contactB.shopping in storesC.avoiding silenceD.their spiritual problems(4).Playing a car stereo lo
49、udly suggests that the person is _.（分数：2.00）A.very concerned about the environmentB.warning animals not to approachC.behaving like an animalD.being a very creative personality(5).According to the passage, a good response to this practice would be to _.（分数：2.00）A.balance the noise with moments of silenceB.eat enough food in order to quiet the stomachC.use our brains to improve modern technologyD.realize that the sounds seem to be extreme, but are notMany people believe the glare from snow causes snow blindness. Yet, with dark glass
