1、大学英语四级 745及答案解析(总分：746.57，做题时间：120 分钟)一、Writing (30 minutes)(总题数：1，分数：30.00)1.For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Challenge. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below. 1中国加入 WTO，使中国面临着许多挑战。 2有挑战才有机会。 3中国应如何迎接挑战。 （分数：30.00）_二、Readi
2、ng Comprehensio(总题数：1，分数：71.00)People and Organizations: the Selection Issue In 1991, according to the Department of Trade and Industry, a record 48,000 British companies went out of business. When businesses fail, the post-mortem analysis is traditionally undertaken by accountants and market strate
3、gists. Unarguably organizations do fail because of undercapitalization, poor financial backing, good product ideas and market acumen (敏锐) often underperform and fail to meet shareholders expectations. The complexity, degree and sustainment of organizational performance requires an explanation which
4、goes beyond the balance sheet and the “paper conversation“ of financial inputs into profit making outputs. A more complete explanation of “what went wrong“ must consider the essence of what an organization actually is and that one of the financial inputs. The most important and often the most expens
5、ive, is people. An organization is only as good as the people it employs. Selecting the right person for the job involves more than identifying the essential or desirable range of skills, educational and professional qualifications necessary to perform the job and then recruiting the candidate who i
6、s most likely to possess these skills or at least is perceived to have the ability and predisposition (易患病的体质) to acquire them. This is a purely person/skills match approach to selection. Work invariably takes place in the presence and/or under the direction of others, in a particular organizational
7、 setting. The individual has to “fit“ in with the work environment, with other employees, with the organizational climate, style of work, organization and culture of the organization. Different organizations have different culture (Cartwright 1992). Poor selection decision are expensive. For example
8、, the costs of training a policeman are about 20,000 (approx, US $30,000). The costs of employing an unsuitable technician on an oil rig or in a nuclear plant could, in an emergency, result in millions of pounds of damage or loss of life. The disharmony of a poor person-environment fit (PE-fit) is l
9、ikely to result in low job satisfaction, lack of organizational commitment and employee stress, which affect organizational outcomes i.e. productivity, high labour turnover and absenteeism, and individual outcomes i.e. physical, psychological and mental well-being. However, despite the importance of
10、 the recruitment decision and the range of sophisticated and more objective selection techniques available, including the use of psychometric tests (心理测量), assessment centers etc., many organizations are still prepared to make this decision on the basis of a single 30 to 45 minute unstructured inter
11、view. Indeed, research has demonstrated that a selection decision is often made within the first four minutes of the interview. In the remaining time, the interviewer then attends exclusively to information that reinforces the initial accept or reject decision. Research into the validity of selectio
12、n methods has consistently demonstrated that the unstructured interview. Where the interviewer asks any questions he or she likes, is a poor predictor of future job performance and fares little better than more controversial methods like graphology (笔迹学) and astrology. In times of high unemployment,
13、 recruitment becomes a “buyers market“ and this was the case in Britain during the 1980s. The future, we are told, is likely to be different. Detailed surveys of social and economic trends in the European Community show that Europes populations is falling and getting older. The birth rate in the Com
14、munity is now only three-quarters of the level needed to ensure replacement of the existing population. By the year 2020, it is predicted that more than one in four Europeans will be aged 60 or more and barely one in five will be under 20. In a five-year period between 1983 and 1988 the Communitys f
15、emale workforce grew by almost six million. As a result, 51 % of all women aged 14 to 64 are now economically active in the labour market compared with 78% of men. The changing demography will not only affect selection ratios. They will also make it increasingly important for organizations wishing t
16、o maintain their competitive edge to be more responsive and accommodating to the changing needs of their workforce if they are to retain and develop their human resources. More flexible working hours, the opportunity to work from home or job share, the provision of childcare facilities etc., with pl
17、ay a major role in attracting and retaining staff in the future. （分数：71.00）(1).Organizations should recognize that employees are a significant part of their financial assets.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(2).Selecting the right person for the job involves merely identifying the essential or desirable range of
18、skills, educational and professional qualifications necessary to perform the job（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(3).Open-structured 45-minute interviews are the best method to identify suitable employees.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(4).The rise in the female workforce in the European Community is a positive trend.（分数：7.1
19、0）A.YB.NC.NG(5).Graphology is a good predictor of future job performance.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(6).In the future, the number of people in employable age groups will decline.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(7).In 2020, the percentage of the population under 20 will be smaller than now.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(8).The most
20、 important and often the most expensive asset of a company is_.（分数：7.10）_(9).Interviewers tend to make their decisions about the interviewees within_ of the interview.（分数：7.10）_(10).All the aspects of the workforce will be influenced by_.（分数：7.10）_三、Listening Comprehens(总题数：1，分数：15.00)A.No more surv
21、ivors have been found.B.The plane crashed in the night.C.All the passengers were killed.D.Its too late to search for survivors.A.Shell type the letter for the man.B.Shell teach the man to operate the computer.C.She doesnt think his sister is a good typist.D.She thinks the man should buy a computer.A
22、.Ask John to join the bandB.Help him with his stuff.C.Quit the band.D.Learn to be a drummer herself.A.The man no longer smokes.B.The man is under pressure from his wife.C.The man usually follows his wifes advice.D.The man refuses to listen to his doctors advice.A.The train seldom arrives on time.B.T
23、he schedule has been misprinted.C.The speakers arrived at the station late.D.The company has trouble printing a schedule.A.Move the washing machine to the basement.B.Turn the basement into a workshop.C.Repair the washing machine.D.Finish his assignment.A.She let the man use her books for the weekend
24、.B.She brought the books the man asked for.C.She borrowed the books from the man.D.She offered to help the man.A.She thought there were no tickets left for the show.B.She thought the seats on the left side were fully occupied.C.The show was planned a long time ago.D.The audience were deeply impresse
25、d by the show.四、Section B(总题数：2，分数：10.00)A.Apartment 20, 16 Rose Lane.B.Apartment 2, 6 Rose Lane.C.Apartment 2, 16 Rose Lane.D.Apartment 2, 60 Rose Lane.A.In June, next year.B.In July, next year.C.In June, two years later.D.In July, two years later.A.The washing machine has been leaking a little and
26、 its beginning to get worse.B.Theres a niggling problem with the cooker.C.The door latch is broken.D.The air conditioner is too noisy.A.With a knife.B.On the edge of some metal.C.On some glass.D.On a piece of paper.A.How much the cut hurt.B.How deep the cut was.C.How easily he was cut.D.How concerne
27、d the woman was.A.The amount of skin affected by the cut.B.The cause of the cut.C.The amount of bleeding.D.The number of nerve endings irritated.A.Dangerous.B.Relatively harmless.C.Irritating.D.Openly aggressive.A.They are a threat to most forms of living creatures.B.They cannot be controlled effect
28、ively.C.They will be wiped out with male mosquitoes one day from the earth.D.They are a necessary element in the balance of nature.A.High, dry mountains.B.Rivers and oceans.C.Damp, swamp areas.D.Mountain forests.A.The female lives on blood.B.Some mosquitoes favor animals blood.C.The fluid she inject
29、s carries disease.D.She drives her snout through the skin.A.To show off their wealth.B.To feel good.C.To regain their memory.D.To be different from others.A.To help solve their psychological problems.B.To play games with them.C.To send them to the hospital.D.To make them aware of its harmfulness.A.T
30、hey need care and affection.B.They are fond of round-the-world trips.C.They are mostly from broken families.D.They are likely to commit crimes.A.The long distance between his hometown and New York.B.His criminal record.C.The high unemployment rate in New York.D.His unpopular character.A.He wanted to
31、 be put in prison again.B.He needed the money to support his family.C.He hated the barber there.D.He wanted to make himself well known.A.He went directly to the police station.B.He drove out of the town and tried to escape.C.He waited for the police to arrest him.D.He argued with the police angrily.
32、A.Mr. Spears enjoyed living in prison.B.Mr. Spears was known as a greedy man in his community.C.The police in New York were not very efficient.D.The only way for Mr. Spears to support his family was by going to prison again.六、Section C(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Sand covers not just sea-shores, but also ocean b
33、eds, deserts and mountains. It is one of the most common substances on earth. And it is a (36) 1element in man-made materials too (37) 2is largely sand, while glass is made by melting sand and some other elements. What exactly is sand? In fact, according to the most generally (38) 3scheme of measure
34、ment, devised by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, grains qualify as sand if their (39) 4is greater than 0.06 of a millimeter and less than 0.6 of a millimeter. Depending on its age and (40) 5, particular sand can consist of tiny pebbles or porous granules. Its grains may have the shape of
35、(41) 6or spirals, their edges jagged or smooth. They have come from the (42) 7of rocks, or from the skeletons of marine organisms, which accumulate on the (43) 8of the oceans, or even from volcanic eruptions. Usually, the older the granule, (44) 9. The fine, white beaches of northern Scotland, for i
36、nstance, are recycled from sandstone several hundred million years old. (45) 10. Sand is an irreplaceable industrial factor, which has many uses; but it has one vital function you might never even notice. Sand cushions our land from the seas impact, (46) 11. （分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项
37、 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_七、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：2，分数：355.00)Ken and I met and saw each other just three times before he left for Vietnam. He never gave me flowers or candy. There were no moonlight walks, no lingering good-byes on the front porch. Our courtship took place by
38、mail. I felt sorry for him, far from home in the service of his country. Writing to him seemed almost a patriotic duty. But as we got better acquainted, our letter-writing pace increasedto as many as three a day. I started driving home at lunch to collect the mail. Then Ken came back in leave, and w
39、e surprised ourselves by getting married and going overseas together. Romantic? Not really, because then he left on a three -week mission, making our honeymoon a by-mail event too. We didnt set out to defy romantic customs; it just turned out that way, and stayed that way. We had been married seven
40、years before we remembered our anniversaryand then only because my mother phoned to wish us a happy one. It took another ten years for us to notice Valentines Day. To celebrate our alertness that year, we decided to have a conventionally romantic evening; a quiet, just-the-two-of-us dinner at a nice
41、 restaurant. When we arrived at the restaurant, we were told there would be a 40-minute wait, and so we headed for another nice, but not so romantic place. About halfway to our second choice, Ken realized that the restaurant would not honor our credit card and we were low on cash. I sighed and said,
42、 “I do have enough for a fast -food place. “ Clearly, we were veering far off the conventional course. While Ken placed the order, I gathered napkins and straws and went to select a romantic spot in the nonsmoking area. There I found a woman methodically turning chairs up onto tables. “This sections
43、 closed, “ she said. “But its the only nonsmoking section,“ I protested. She pointed across the room. “You can sit over there. “ Thats the smoking section,“ I argued. “I know,“ she said. “But you dont have to smoke. I started to protest but stopped to choke back a laugh. Maybe because she thought I
44、was going to cry, she removed the opened chairs from a table and said, “This okay?“ I thanked her and, after she had gone, sat giggling until Ken arrived with the hamburgers. Surrounded by a forest of upsidedown chair legs, we had our Valentine dinner. It wasnt exactly quiet, with grill workers yell
45、ing at each other in the kitchen past the swing door near our table. But it was just the two of us, if you didnt count the person with the mop who kept bumping our chairs. （分数：177.50）(1).According to the context, “flowers or candy, moonlight walks, lingering good-byes“ are to indicate_.（分数：35.50）A.s
46、ome examples of conventional customsB.an intimate friendshipC.a special relationshipD.an ordinary acquaintance(2).How did the couple remember their anniversary?（分数：35.50）A.They never ignored it since their marriage.B.The mothers call reminded them of it.C.They began to celebrate it after they gather
47、ed together.D.They should consider their marriage seriously.(3).According to the context, “our alertness“ refers to_.（分数：35.50）A.marriage celebrationB.Valentines DayC.dinner partyD.romantic custom(4).Why did they miss the second restaurant?（分数：35.50）A.It would be so long a distance to reach there.B.It was not so romantic as they expected.C.There was not enough money on their credit card.D.They brought insufficient cash with them.(5).What is the most appropriate title for the passage?（分数：35.50）A.Romantic Marriage.B.Valentines Dinner.C.Dinner for Two.D.Co
