1、大学英语四级 243及答案解析(总分：746.59，做题时间：130 分钟)一、Writing (30 minutes)(总题数：1，分数：30.00)1.For this part, you are allowed to write a composition on the topic On Waste. You should write at least 120 words and you should base your composition on the outline. 1当今社会存在大量的浪费的现象。 2有人认为浪费能促进生产和消费，因而不应再受指责。 3我的观点。 （分数：30
2、.00）_二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：1，分数：71.00)Please Hold the Line Nearly all of us know what its like to be put on “musical hold“. Call almost any customer service number, and you can expect to hear at least a few bars of boring elevator music before an operator picks up. The question is: do you hang
3、up or do you keep holding? That may depend on your gender and what type of music is playing, according to research reported by University of Cincinnati Associate Professor of Marketing, James Kellaris. Kellaris, who has studied the effects of music on consumers for more than 12 years, teamed with Si
4、gma Research Management Group to evaluate the effects of “hold music“ for a company that operates a customer service line. The researchers tested four types of “on-hold“ music with 71 of the companys clients, 30 of them women. Light jazz, classical, rock and the companys current format of adult alte
5、rnative (a mix of contemporary styles) were all tested. The sample included individual consumers, small business and large business segments. Participants were asked to imagine calling a customer assistance line and being placed on hold. They were then exposed to “on-hold“ music via headsets and ask
6、ed to estimate how long it played. Their reactions and comments were also solicited and quantified by the researchers. Service providers, of course dont want you to have to wait on hold, but if you do, they want it to be a pleasant experience for you. But Kellaris conclusions may hold some distressi
7、ng news for companies. No matter what music was played, the time spent “on hold“ was generally overestimated. The actual wait in the study was 6 minutes, but the average estimate was 7 minutes and 6 seconds. He did find some good news for the client who hired him. The kind of music theyre playing no
8、w, alternative, is probably their best choice. Two things made it a good choice. First, it did not produce significantly more positive or negative reactions in people. Second, males and females were less polarized in their reactions to this type of music. Kellaris other findings, however, make the s
9、tate of musical hold a little less firm: time spent “on hold“ seemed slightly shorter when light jazz was played, but the effect of music format differed for men and woman. Among the males, the wait seemed shortest when classical music was played. Among the females, the wait seemed longest when clas
10、sical music was played. This may be related to differences in attention levels and musical preferences. In general, classical music evoked the most positive reactions among males; light jazz evoked the most positive reactions (and shortest waiting time estimates) among females. Rock was the least pr
11、eferred across both gender groups and produced the longest waiting time estimates. “The rock musics driving beat kind of aggravates people calling customer assistance with a problem.“ said Kellaris. “The more positive the reaction to the music, the shorter the waiting time seemed to be. So maybe tim
12、e does tend to fly when youre having fun, even if youre on musical hold.“ Kellaris joked. But unfortunately for companies operating on-hold lines, men and women have different ideas about what music is “fun“. “The possible solution“, Kellaris joked, “might be for the recorded message to say: if your
13、e a male, please press one; if youre a female, please press two. If you are in a bad mood, please hang up and try later.“ （分数：71.00）(1).If you call almost any customer service number, and you can hear an operators voice at once.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(2).Kellaris has studied the effects of music on cons
14、umers for over 12 years.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(3).The research sample consisted of real clients of a company.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(4).The sample consisted of equal numbers of men and women.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(5).Service providers want to minimize the time spent “on hold“.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(6).Advertisin
15、g is considered a poor alternative to “on-hold“ music.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(7).The consumer service company surveyed was playing classical music.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(8).Kellaris other findings make the state of musical hold 1.（分数：7.10）填空项 1:_(9).Among the males, the wait seemed shortest when 1 was play
16、ed.（分数：7.10）填空项 1:_(10).According to Kellaris, 1 the reaction to the music, the shorter the waiting time seemed to be.（分数：7.10）填空项 1:_三、Listening Comprehens(总题数：1，分数：15.00)A.Phillips will not be in this office at all this week.B.He will be here on Tuesday only.C.Hell be here on Monday, Wednesday and
17、 Friday.D.Hell be at this office on Tuesday and Thursday.A.She has never eaten such delicious oranges before.B.She bets there are better oranges available.C.She doesnt understand why the man likes the oranges.D.She has had the same oranges before.A.She didnt go to Chicago.B.She had a good time in Ch
18、icago.C.She spent her vacation here.D.She didnt enjoy her trip.A.She will type it next week.B.She would rather work on it than do nothing.C.It took her an entire week to type it.D.She still hasnt quite finished with it.A.It is the only book for her philosophy class.B.All the classes have a lot of re
19、ading.C.She just has to read for her philosophy class.D.Only the philosophy class has a lot of reading.A.If Phil is lucky, he might get a scholarship.B.There is no way in which Phil can win a scholarship.C.Phil is not going to chance his luck and try for a scholarship.D.Phil is not being given a cha
20、nce to get a scholarship.A.Jack was expected to pass the exam.B.Jack surprised everybody by taking his exam again.C.No one really expected Jack to pass exams.D.Jack wasnt expected to fail his exams again.A.Better.B.Sick.C.Fine.D.Tired.四、Section B(总题数：2，分数：10.00)A.Searching for reference material.B.W
21、atching a film of the 1930s.C.Writing a course book.D.Looking for a job in a movie studio.A.Its too broad to cope with.B.Its a bit outdated.C.Its controversial.D.Its of little practical value.A.At the end of the online catalogue.B.At the Reference Desk.C.In The New York Times.D.In the Readers Guide
22、to Periodical Literature.A.She wants to find a job in this summer to pay for tuition fees.B.She lives far away from her parents.C.She will have no time to visit her parents in this summer.D.She doesnt miss her parents.A.They traveled around there.B.They taught English there.C.They did geological res
23、earch there.D.They served as volunteer workers there.A.Her bills are already too high.B.She has enough money to pay off tuition fees.C.She prefers to be independent.D.She is disqualified to get a loan.A.A special way to put a message into code so that common people cannot read it.B.A special way of
24、paying attention to an event that has a major impact on recalling it later.C.A special way to expand our memory capacity.D.A special way to slow down the process of losing our memory.A.Possibly because they have a wider range of interests.B.Possibly because they are more dependent on the environment
25、.C.Possibly because they can focus their attention better.D.Possibly because they pay more attention on their environment.A.Lack of interest can also lead to absent-mindedness.B.Generally children have better memories than adults.C.Memory just relies on age.D.Visual cues cant help prevent absent-min
26、dedness.A.Shanghais small, competitive high-tech companies.B.Shanghais information and biology enterprises.C.Shanghais private enterprises.D.All of the above.A.To simplify the registration process of these enterprises.B.To reduce the tax rate of these enterprises.C.To reduce the cost of starting an
27、enterprise and conducting R after that grounders and rollers break up everything that can be broken. Finally, the rubbish will pass under magnets (磁铁), which will remove the bits of iron and steel; the rubber and plastic will then be sorted out in the final stage. The first full-scale giant recyclin
28、g plants are, perhaps, fifteen years away. Indeed, with the growing cost of transporting rubbish to more distant dumps, some big cities will be forced to build their own recycling plants before long. （分数：177.50）(1).The phrase “be well on with“ in Line I of Paragraph 1 most probably means _.（分数：35.50
29、）A.to get prepared to doB.to get along well withC.to try to completeD.to be very good at(2).The passage is mainly about _.（分数：35.50）A.attempts to find efficient ways of recycling wastesB.efforts to protect the environment in British citiesC.a good way to locate plants for waste recyclingD.a cheap wa
30、y to get energy from waste materials(3).According to the passage, the first full-scale giant recycling plants will _.（分数：35.50）A.be built in BritainB.appear in 15 yearsC.take us 15 years to build themD.be found only in some big cities(4).According to the passage, the reason for big cities to build t
31、heir own recycling plants is that _.（分数：35.50）A.they can be of great help to the protection of environmentB.it is more expensive to process wastes in a farther dumpC.they can make the wastes into something that is usefulD.they can produce a lot of energy for the local residents(5).Which of the follo
32、wing statements is NOT true according to the passage?（分数：35.50）A.There will be no rubbish after the plants have been built.B.Recycling plants will be in great need in some big cities.C.The plants can only process paper and rubber but not steel or copper.D.We don t have a very good way of sorting and
33、 separating the rubbish.We can see how the product life cycle works by looking at the introduction of instant coffee. When it was introduced, most people did not like it as well as “regular“ coffee and it took several years to gain general acceptance (introduction stage). At one point, though, insta
34、nt coffee grew rapidly in popularity and many brands were introduced (stage of rapid growth). After a while, people became attached to one brand and sales leveled off (stage of maturity). Sales went into a slight decline (衰退) when freeze-dried coffees were introduced (stage of decline). The importan
35、ce of the product life cycle to marketers is this: Different stages in the product life cycle call for different strategies. The goal is to extend product life so that sales and profits do not decline. One strategy is called market modification. It means that marketing managers look for new users an
36、d market sections. Did you know, for example, that the backpacks that so many students carry today were originally designed for the military? Market modification also means searching for increased usage among present customers or going for a different market, such as senior citizens. A marketer may
37、re-position the product to appeal to new market sections. Another product extension strategy is called product modification. It involves changing product quality, features, or style to attract new users or more usage from present users. American auto manufacturers are using quality improvement as on
38、e way to recapture world markets. Note, also, how auto manufacturers once changed styles dramatically from year to year to keep demand from falling. （分数：177.50）(1).According to the passage, when people grow fond of one particular brand of a product, its sales will _.（分数：35.50）A.decrease graduallyB.b
39、ecome unstableC.improve enormouslyD.remain at the same level(2).The first paragraph tells us that a new product is _（分数：35.50）A.usually introduced to satisfy different tastesB.often more expensive than old onesC.often inferior to old ones at firstD.not easily accepted by the public(3).Marketers need
40、 to know which of the four stages a product is in so as to _（分数：35.50）A.work out marketing policiesB.increase its popularityC.promote its productionD.speed up its life cycle(4).The author mentions the example of “backpacks“ ( Line 4, Para. 2 ) to show the importance of_（分数：35.50）A.increasing usage a
41、mong studentsB.exploring new market sectionsC.pleasing the young as well as the oldD.serving both military and civil needs(5).In order to recover their share of the world market, U.S. auto makers are _（分数：35.50）A.improving product qualityB.modernizing product styleC.repositioning their product in th
42、e marketD.increasing product features八、Section B(总题数：1，分数：10.00)By 2003 an estimated 42 million people were infected (47)_ and more than 20 million people had died of AIDS. A United Nations report presented in 2002 (48)_ that unless prevention programs were greatly expanded, AIDS would claim an (49)
43、_ 68 million lives by 2020. Sub-Saharan Africa has been the region hardest hit by the HIV/AIDS pandemic; more than two-thirds of all people with HIV/AIDS are in this region. In the United States, an (50)_ 900,000 people were living with HIV/AIDS in 2002. HIV is spread through contact with (51)_ body
44、 fluids such as blood and semen. Infected people may harbor the virus within their bodies for several years or even longer before developing symptoms of AIDS. Though symptomless, they can still infect others. Worldwide, most HIV (52)_ occurs during sexual relations between heterosexual partners. In
45、the United States, the majority of transmission has been between homosexual partners. Transmission among drug addicts who (53)_ infected needles is another significant route of transmission in many countries. No cure for AIDS is known. Researchers are working on preventative AIDS (54)_ , but none ar
46、e expected to be ready for market in the near future. Meanwhile, drug therapies introduced in the mid-1990s have been extremely effective in controlling AIDS (55)_ for some patients. However, the medications are expensive, putting them beyond the reach of the (56)_ majority of the worlds HIV-positiv
47、e people. A) estimated I) remarkable B) transmission J) predicted C) novel K) restore D) additional L) commit E) vast M) share F) peculiar N) progression G) infected O) worldwide H) vaccines （分数：10.00）A.B.C.D.E.F.G.H.I.J.K.L.M.N.O.A.B.C.D.E.F.G.H.I.J.A.B.C.D.A.B.C.D.A.B.C.D.E.F.G.A.B.C.D.A.B.C.D.E.F
48、.G.H.I.J.K.L.M.A.B.C.D.E.F.G.H.A.B.C.D.E.F.G.H.I.J.K.L.M.N.A.B.C.D.E.九、Cloze (15 minutes)(总题数：1，分数：71.00)Its an annual back-to-school routine. One morning you wave goodbye, and that 【B1】 evening youre burning the late-night oil in sympathy. In the race to improve educational standards? 【B2】 are throwing the books at kids. 【B3】 elementary school students are complaining of homework 【B4】 . Whats a well-meaning parent to do? As hard as 【B5】 may be, sit back and chill, experts advise. Though youve got to get them to do it, 【B6】 helping too much, or even examining 【B7】 too
