1、大学英语六级分类模拟题 448 及答案解析(总分：697.50，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Reading Compr(总题数：0，分数：0.00)Coming to An Office Near YouThe effect of today“s technology on tomorrow“s jobs will be immenseand no country is ready for it. A Innovation, the elixir (灵丹妙药) of progress, has always cost people their jobs. In the Industri
2、al Revolution artisan (工匠) weavers were swept aside by the mechanical loom. Over the past 30 years the digital revolution has displaced many of the mid-skill jobs that supported 20th-century middle-class life. Typists, ticket agents, bank tellers and many production-line jobs have been dispensed wit
3、h, just as the weavers were. B For those, including this newspaper, who believe that technological progress has made the world a better place, such churn (搅动) is a natural part of rising prosperity. Although innovation kills some jobs, it creates new and better ones, as a more productive society bec
4、omes richer and its wealthier inhabitants demand more goods and services. A hundred years ago one in three American workers was employed on a farm. Today less than 2% of them produce far more food. The millions freed from the land were not consigned to joblessness, but found better-paid work as the
5、economy grew more sophisticated. Today the pool of secretaries has shrunk, but there are ever more computer programmers and web designers. Remember Ironbridge C Optimism remains the right starting-point, hut for workers the dislocating (扰乱) effects of technology may make themselves evident faster th
6、an its benefits. Even if new jobs and wonderful products emerge, in the short term income gaps will widen, causing huge social dislocation and perhaps even changing politics. Technology“s impact will feel like a tornado (龙卷风), hitting the rich world first, but eventually sweeping through poorer coun
7、tries too. No government is prepared for it. D Why be worried? It is partly just a matter of history repeating itself. In the early part of the Industrial Revolution the rewards of increasing productivity went disproportionately to capital; later on, labour reaped most of the benefits. The pattern t
8、oday is similar. The prosperity unleashed by the digital revolution has gone overwhelmingly to the owners of capital and the highest-skilled workers. Over the past three decades, labour“s share of output has shrunk globally from 64% to 59%. Meanwhile, the share of income going to the top 1% in Ameri
9、ca has risen from around 9% in the 1970s to 22% today. Unemployment is at alarming levels in much of the rich world, and not just for cyclical reasons. In 2000, 65% of working-age Americans were in work; since then the proportion has fallen, during good years as well as bad, to the current level of
10、59%. E Worse, it seems likely that this wave of technological disruption to the job market has only just started. From driverless cars to clever household gadgets, innovations that already exist could destroy lots of jobs that have hitherto (迄今) been untouched. The public sector is one obvious targe
11、t: it has proved singularly resistant to tech-driven reinvention. But the step change in what computers can do will have a powerful effect on middle-class jobs in the private sector too. F Until now the jobs most vulnerable to machines were those that involved routine, repetitive tasks. But thanks t
12、o the rise in processing power and the ubiquity (无处不在) of digitised information (“big data“), computers are increasingly able to perform complicated tasks more cheaply and effectively than people. Clever industrial robots can quickly “learn“ a set of human actions. Services may be even more vulnerab
13、le. Computers can already detect intruders in a closed-circuit camera picture more reliably than a human can. By comparing reams of financial or biometric data, they can often diagnose fraud or illness more accurately than any number of accountants or doctors. One recent study by academics at Oxford
14、 University suggests that 47% of today“s jobs could be automated in the next two decades. G At the same time, the digital revolution is transforming the process of innovation itself, as our special report explains. Thanks to off-the-shelf code from the Internet and platforms that host services (such
15、 as Amazon“s cloud computing), provide distribution (Apple“s app store) and offer marketing (Facebook), the number of digital start-ups has exploded. Just as computer-games designers invented a product that humanity never knew it needed but now cannot do without, so these firms will no doubt dream u
16、p new goods and services to employ millions. But for now they are singularly light on workers. When Instagram, a popular photo-sharing site, was sold to Facebook for about $1 billion in 2012, it had 30m customers and employed 13 people. Kodak, which filed for bankruptcy a few months earlier, employe
17、d 145,000 people in its heyday. H The problem is one of timing as much as anything. Google now employs 46,000 people. But it takes years for new industries to grow, whereas the disruption a startup causes to incumbents (现任者) is felt sooner. Airbnb may turn homeowners with spare rooms into entreprene
18、urs, but it poses a direct threat to the lower end of the hotel businessa massive employer. No time to be timid I If this analysis is halfway correct, the social effects will be huge. Many of the jobs most at risk are lower down the ladder (logistics, haulage), whereas the skills that are least vuln
19、erable to automation (creativity, managerial expertise) tend to be higher up, so median wages are likely to remain stagnant for some time and income gaps are likely to widen. J Anger about rising inequality is bound to grow, but politicians will find it hard to address the problem. Shunning (避开) pro
20、gress would be as useless now as the Luddites“ protests against mechanised looms were in the 1810s, because any country that tried to stop would be left behind by competitors eager to embrace new technology. The freedom to raise taxes on the rich to punitive levels will be similarly constrained by t
21、he mobility of capital and highly skilled labour. K The main way in which governments can help their people through this dislocation is through education systems. One of the reasons for the improvement in workers“ fortunes in the latter part of the Industrial Revolution was because schools were buil
22、t to educate thema dramatic change at the time. Now those schools themselves need to be changed, to foster the creativity that humans will need to set them apart from computers. There should be less rote-learning and more critical thinking. Technology itself will help, whether through MOOCs (massive
23、 open online courses) or even video games that simulate the skills needed for work. L The definition of “a state education“ may also change. Far more money should be spent on pre-schooling, since the cognitive abilities and social skills that children learn in their first few years define much of th
24、eir future potential. And adults will need continuous education. State education may well involve a year of study to be taken later in life, perhaps in stages. M Yet however well people are taught, their abilities will remain unequal, and in a world which is increasingly polarized (两极化) economically
25、, many will find their job prospects dimmed and wages squeezed. The best way of helping them is not, as many on the left seem to think, to push up minimum wages. Jacking up the floor too far would accelerate the shift from human workers to computers. Better to top up low wages with public money so t
26、hat anyone who works has a reasonable income, through a bold expansion of the tax credits that countries such as America and Britain use. N Innovation has brought great benefits to humanity. Nobody in their right mind would want to return to the world of handloom weavers. But the benefits of technol
27、ogical progress are unevenly distributed, especially in the early stages of each new wave, and it is up to governments to spread them. In the 19th century it took the threat of revolution to bring about progressive reforms. Today“s governments would do well to start making the changes needed before
28、their people get angry.（分数：71.00）(1).Today the owners of capital and the highest-skilled workers get most of the benefits of the digital revolution.（分数：7.10）(2).Computers may replace people in complicated tasks for doing these tasks more cheaply and effectively than people.（分数：7.10）(3).To prepare st
29、udents for this digital revolution, schools need to be changed to foster creativity and critical thinking in learning.（分数：7.10）(4).Innovation kills some jobs but creates new and better jobs as the society becomes more prosperous.（分数：7.10）(5).The government should invest more money in education, espe
30、cially the critical pre-school education.（分数：7.10）(6).To help low-skilled workers, topping up their income with public money is a better way than pushing up minimum wages.（分数：7.10）(7).For now the number of workers tends to be very small in most new digital companies.（分数：7.10）(8).The effects of techn
31、ology will spread from the rich countries to poorer countries.（分数：7.10）(9).Digital revolution will influence jobs both in the public sector and the private sector.（分数：7.10）(10).If a country deliberately avoided technological progress, it would be left behind by countries that eagerly accept new tech
32、nology.（分数：7.10）三、Part Translation(总题数：10，分数：626.50)1.中国的国际地位随着经济的高速发展和综合国力的增强，中国在世界上的影响日益增大。2008 年北京举办奥运会，2010年上海举办世博会，这意味着有几千年历史的中国，正以前所未有的广度和深度向世界各国开放，并从各个方面融入国际社会。在这样一个历史性的时刻，国际社会比过去任何时候都更加关注中国，各国朋友都迫切希望对中国文化有一种比过去更真实、更生动、更深入的认识。 （分数：20.00）_2.唐朝始于 618 年，终于 907 年，是中国历史上最灿烂的时期。经过近三百年的发展，唐代中国成为世界上最
33、繁荣的强国，其首都长安是当时世界上最大的都市。这一时期，经济发达、商业繁荣、社会秩序稳定，甚至边境也对外开放。随着城市化和财富的增加，艺术和文学也繁荣起来。李白和杜甫是以作品简洁自然而著称的诗人。他们的诗歌打动了学者和普通人的心。即使在今天，他们的许多诗歌仍广为儿童及成人阅读背诵。 （分数：106.50）_3.人生人生据说是一部大书。假使人生真是这样，那么，我们一大半作者只能算是书评家，具有书评家的本领，无须看得几页书，言论早已发了一大堆，书评一篇写完缴卷。但是，世界上还有一种人，他们觉得看书的目的，并不是为了写批评或介绍。他们有一种业余消遣者的随便(casualness)和从容，他们不慌不忙
34、地浏览。他们也懒得去理会，反正是消遣，不像书评家负有指导读者、教训作者的重大使命。 （分数：20.00）_4.徐悲鸿在中国，画家徐悲鸿的名字几乎家喻户晓，最重要的原因是他善于画马。徐悲鸿的马独辟蹊径，奔马、立马、走马、饮马和群马都被赋予了充沛的生命力。20 世纪 30 年代，徐悲鸿先生所作水墨奔马，无羁绊，尚桀骜，发胸中之情怀，掘民族之精神，在写实的形体中充满着浪漫的遐想和激情。 徐悲鸿所画的奔马桀骜不凡，自由奔放，观之令人惊心动魄。他不仅把骏马作为自己绘画风格的象征，更是作为一种精神追求，是对自由和激情的赞美和讴歌。 （分数：20.00）_5.胡同 (hutong)，是北京特有的一种古老的城
35、市小巷，在世界上是独一无二的。北京胡同已有 800 多年的历史，纵横交错于皇城周围。胡同不仅仅是城市的交通脉络，更是百姓生活的场所。作为北京历史和文化发展的舞台，它见证了历史的 变迁 (vicissitudes)和风貌，留下了许多社会生活的印记，保留了 原汁原味的 (authentic)老北京民俗风情。要想真正了解胡同，体味胡同，最好的办法就是亲自去走走、看看。那些古老的胡同，犹如滋味醇厚的佳肴，应当细细咀嚼、慢慢品味。 （分数：106.50）_6.中医(Traditional Chinese Medicine)是中华文化不可分割的一部分，为振兴华夏做出了巨大的贡献。如今，中医和西医(west
36、ern medicine)在中国的医疗保健领域并驾齐驱。中医以其独特的诊断手法、系统的治疗方式和丰富的典籍材料，备受世界瞩目。中国的中医事业由国家中医药管理局(State Administration of TCM and Pharmacology)负责。现在国家已经出台了管理中医的政策、法令和法规，引导并促进这个新兴产业的研究和开发。在定义上，中医是指导中国传统医药理论和实践的一种医学，它包括中医疗法、中草药(herbology)、针灸(acupuncture)、推拿(massage)和气功(Qigong)。 （分数：106.50）_7.鲁迅鲁迅，原名周树人，是中国现代文学巨匠。鲁迅是 20
37、 世纪的重要作家，新文化运动的领导人，左翼文化运动的支持者。鲁迅的作品对五四运动以后的中国文化与中国文学产生了深刻的影响。鲁迅赴日本留学时选择的是现代医学，这是因为父亲的病故使他对中医产生了严重的怀疑。但一年之后，他认为救国救民需先救思想，于是弃医从文，写下了 狂人日记 ( A Madman“s Dairy )等一系列发人深思的作品，唤醒了一批热血青年的爱国救国之志。 （分数：20.00）_8.泼水节(the Water-Splashing Festival)是傣族(the Dai minority)最隆重的传统节日。泼水节在傣历(Dai calendar)中是新年，在拥有很多少数民族的云南省
38、，这个节日拥有最大的影响力和最多的参与者。在这个节日里，无论男女老少都将盛装打扮，他们会端着干净的水去佛教寺院。首先他们会清洗佛像，然后开始向彼此泼水来祈求好运、幸福和健康。洒在一个人身上的水越多，他将会越开心快乐。傣族人们还将邀请其他少数民族和其他远道而来的游客一起泼水来庆祝这个节日。 （分数：14.00）_9.中国自古以来就是一个统一的多民族国家。中国共有 56 个民族，由于汉族以外的 55 个民族相对人口较少，习惯上被称为少数民族。各民族的文化都很有特点，历史也很悠久。几乎每个民族都有自己的文字、语言和风俗习惯。汉族大部分人口都生活在中国的东部和中部，地理条件比较好，所以也比较富裕。目前
39、，许多少数民族地区相对还比较贫穷。为此，国家会根据各少数民族的特点和需要，帮助少数民族地区加速经济和文化的发展。 （分数：106.50）_10.中国的官方语言普通话(Mandarin)在美国的学校中突然热起来。由于中国经济在 21 世纪的快速发展，美国的公立和私立学校纷纷在外语课程中加入汉语这一科目，或将已有的汉语教学项目进行扩展。据统计，在美国的学校中，有 5 万名孩子在学习汉语。但推动汉语项目的发展不是没有遇到困难。由于缺乏受过专业训练、持有证书的教师，一些学校很难加入汉语教学的竞争。当学校聘用教师时，它们通常直接从中国招聘，这种方式为文化冲突埋下了隐患。 （分数：106.50）_大学英语
40、六级分类模拟题 448 答案解析(总分：697.50，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Reading Compr(总题数：0，分数：0.00)Coming to An Office Near YouThe effect of today“s technology on tomorrow“s jobs will be immenseand no country is ready for it. A Innovation, the elixir (灵丹妙药) of progress, has always cost people their jobs. In the Industrial Re
41、volution artisan (工匠) weavers were swept aside by the mechanical loom. Over the past 30 years the digital revolution has displaced many of the mid-skill jobs that supported 20th-century middle-class life. Typists, ticket agents, bank tellers and many production-line jobs have been dispensed with, ju
42、st as the weavers were. B For those, including this newspaper, who believe that technological progress has made the world a better place, such churn (搅动) is a natural part of rising prosperity. Although innovation kills some jobs, it creates new and better ones, as a more productive society becomes
43、richer and its wealthier inhabitants demand more goods and services. A hundred years ago one in three American workers was employed on a farm. Today less than 2% of them produce far more food. The millions freed from the land were not consigned to joblessness, but found better-paid work as the econo
44、my grew more sophisticated. Today the pool of secretaries has shrunk, but there are ever more computer programmers and web designers. Remember Ironbridge C Optimism remains the right starting-point, hut for workers the dislocating (扰乱) effects of technology may make themselves evident faster than it
45、s benefits. Even if new jobs and wonderful products emerge, in the short term income gaps will widen, causing huge social dislocation and perhaps even changing politics. Technology“s impact will feel like a tornado (龙卷风), hitting the rich world first, but eventually sweeping through poorer countries
46、 too. No government is prepared for it. D Why be worried? It is partly just a matter of history repeating itself. In the early part of the Industrial Revolution the rewards of increasing productivity went disproportionately to capital; later on, labour reaped most of the benefits. The pattern today is similar. The prosperity unleashed by the digital revolution has gone overwhelmingly to the owners of capital and the highest-skilled workers. Over the past three decades, labour“s share of output has shrunk globally from 64% to 59%. Meanwhile, the share of in
