1、大学英语六级 50及答案解析(总分：428.03，做题时间：132 分钟)一、Part I Writing (3(总题数：1，分数：30.00)1.For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a letter of complaint to the consumers association of the city. You should write at least 150 words, and base your letter on the situation given below: 1你于 2006年 1月 1日在本市
2、XX商场买了部 XX牌手机。 2等回家后你发现这部手机里已经存贮了一些陌生的电话号码。也就是说这部手机是被使用过的。当你返回该商场要求退货时，售货员不承认此手机是使用过的，也拒绝退货。 3要求市消费者协会对此事进行调查，维护你的利益，并留下你的联系方式。 （分数：30.00）_二、Part II Reading C(总题数：1，分数：71.00)By the mid-1990s, banks and investment organizations had realized that academics skilled in mathematical modelling could help
3、them to devise winning strategies with which to play the worlds financial markets. George Sugihara, who had built a formidable reputation among ecologists by analyzing the population dynamics of fish and plankton (浮游生物), was a prize catch. Deutsche Bank wanted him to apply those talents to its “blac
4、k-box project“, a secret endeavour designed to predict the prices of various financial instruments. Sugihara struck a hard bargain. In addition to providing an ample salary, Deutsche Bank agreed to let him stay in San Diego where the Frankfurt-based firm provided a large luxurious office overlooking
5、 the harbour. There, it gave him all the resources he needed to devise models to interpret price trends from masses of financial data. In 1995, when Sugihara took leave of absence from the University of California, San Diego (UCSD), his colleagues thought it unlikely that he would ever return few sc
6、ientists who have been seduced by the world of finance have later resumed their academic careers. But Sugihara has changed that trend, and is now applying his experience in finance to marine conservation. He wants to harness market forces to prevent over-fishing which governments and the scientists
7、who advise them have mostly so far failed to achieve. In reality, Sugihara never gave up his studies of biological oceanography. During his four years with Deutsche Bank, he taught part-time at UCSD, and published more than a dozen scientific articles on complex biological systems. When his leave pe
8、riod was up, he says, hard science was always going to win over high finance. “No, it wasnt hard to leave that world,“ he says. “I really wanted to do science.“ But Sugiharas experience of the markets has changed the way he thinks about managing the oceans natural resources. For decades, investors h
9、ave traded on markets for the future prices of virtually every commodity, from grain crops, through orange juice, to oil. Yet despite worldwide sales of at least US$80 billion a year, there is no futures market for fish. Sugihara hopes to change that. By providing people with the means to make money
10、, and offering a structured financial environment for the worldwide catch and sale of fish, he argues, it should be possible to prevent stock depletion. Trading places To this end, Sugihara and a number of scientific colleagues are now seeking start-up finance for a company called the Ocean Resource
11、 Exchange. This would trade and lease financial instruments or derivatives associated with fish catches, on an electronic commodities exchange. Perhaps trading is in Sugiharas genes. His Japanese father was a trader in wood products, who settled in California in 1951 with his Indonesian wife and you
12、ng son, seeking new opportunities away from the turmoil of post-war Asia. But the young Sugihara didnt follow his father into business. After graduating from the University of Michigan in 1973, he embarked on an academic career, initially studying lake cores in Africa. First he worked in Zambia, whe
13、re he identified pollens and diatoms for palaeoclimate (古气候) studies. Later, he moved to Tunisia to study algal productivity and the origins of hydrogen sulphide emissions from Lake Tunis. Sugiharas analytical mind found this fieldwork unsatisfying, so he returned to Michigan to bone up (突击钻研) on ma
14、thematics. “I took 26 courses in two years,“ he says. And with his growing mathematical sophistication, he developed a theory to explain an observed regularity in the distribution of species abundance. When he approached Robert May, then conducting pioneering analyses of biodiversity at the Institut
15、e for Advanced Study in Princeton, New Jersey, with the theory, May immediately recognized Sugiharas potential and signed him up as a doctoral student. By the time Sugihara completed his PhD in 1982, he already had his eyes on UCSDs Scripps Institution of Oceanography, which hosted a largely untappe
16、d repository of oceano-graphic and fisheries data. “This was a gold mine,“ says Sugihara. “And no one was looking at it intensively.“ At Scripps, Sugihara used these data to develop and test mathematical models designed to probe the dynamics of complex biological systems. Among the results was an in
17、fluential article published with May, which showed how to use nonlinear equations formulas where output isnt proportional to input to make short-term predictions about the behaviour of chaotic systems such as the population dynamics of marine plankton. Financial Trend setter Among those who recogniz
18、ed the equations power was former behavioural ecologist Steven Schulman, who knew Sugihara from Princeton. By 1990, Schulman was in the New York office of the financial firm Merrill Lynch, conducting quantitative analyses to reduce investment risk. In Sugiharas equations, Schulman saw the possibilit
19、y of predicting prices in market derivatives. So he brokered a consulting deal: Merrill Lynch provided Sugihara with financial data, which he mined for price trends. For Sugihara, it was a dream. First, the arrangement allowed him to put his own finances on a sounder footing. “I couldnt afford to se
20、nd my children to college, back then,“ he says. Analysing the markets also presented him with fresh intellectual challenges. “Im driven by access to data,“ he says. And at the time, Sugihara was even more discreet, telling acquaintances who asked about his work: “Im a teacher.“ Former colleagues who
21、 visited didnt know what to make of his new life as a financial predictor. Sugihara recalls the first time that May dropped by at his harbour-side office and assumed he was the victim of an elaborate practical joke. “He opened a desk drawer to look for something with my name on it,“ Sugihara says. S
22、ugiharas earnings in the world of finance have provided a home with an enviable sea view, plus a vintage Porsche (保时捷汽车) parked in the garage. But by the standards of banking highfliers, these are limited extravagances. For Sugihara, acquiring wealth was never the main goal, so he had few doubts abo
23、ut getting back on the treadmill of winning grants for his research. Thats not always easy for someone who cuts across disciplines, and whose ideas are often ahead of their time. “Its too far out of the box“ is a common comment from reviewers, Sugihara says. But unlike his colleagues, whose grant ap
24、plications get tossed aside, Sugihara has the luxury of being able to support some of his own research, using a trust fund set up during his Deutsche Bank days. In part, that was how he funded his latest work, an analysis of environmental fluctuations and ecological catastrophes in the North Pacific
25、. This suggests that fishing quotas may need to be set more conservatively, and adjusted more frequently to compensate for environmental conditions, than is typically the case. “The way fish quotas are set is wrong,“ says Sugihara. “It doesnt fit nature or reality.“ Net gains The National Marine Fis
26、heries Service (NMFS), which sets quotas in US waters, is at least prepared to listen to this message. When Sugihara gave a lecture in June to a NMFS scientific panel on quota methodology in the North Pacific, his talk went on for two hours three times as long as scheduled as agency staff quizzed hi
27、m on the details. “It was really interesting,“ says Jeffrey Polovina, a NMFS biological oceanographer. “But it was pretty complicated stuff. Most of us dont have the background in chaos theory.“ Sugihara hopes that the Ocean Resource Exchange will provide an incentive to preserve fish stocks that do
28、esnt rely on a detailed understanding of complex biological systems, and instead taps into peoples baser instincts(直觉). “Show them how to make more money,“ he says. The first derivative is likely to be a futures contract for a certain percentage of a fishermans catch at an agreed price at a specifie
29、d time. “Essentially, these are tradable options for fishing rights,“ Sugihara says. Fishermen and investors could hedge their bets, which should reduce the tendency for catches to swing between boom and bust(萧条期), and give all stakeholders a tangible financial incentive not to cheat and plunder the
30、 ecosystem for the maximum short-term return. As a test of the idea, Sugihara is modeling the concept using data from a Californian squid fishery where about 200 vessels bring in a haul worth up to US$36 million per year. But both catches and prices can fluctuate widely, making it a prime candidate
31、for a market in derivatives(即时变化率). “The motive here is public service,“ he says. “I think we can use market forces for conservation.“ （分数：71.00）(1).George Sugihara was an ecologist when he was employed with high pay by Deutsche Bank.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(2).Sugihara wants to harness market forces to
32、prevent over-fishing which governments and the scientists could not often achieve so far.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(3).There are many futures markets for fish now.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(4).Ocean Resource Exchange is a company to carry its trade and lease activities through electronic commodities exchange.（分数：
33、7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(5).Sugihara graduated from_ in 1973.（分数：7.10）_(6).Sugihara used the untapped data provided by_ to develop and test mathematical models designed to probe the dynamics of complex biological systems.（分数：7.10）_(7).Sugiharas equations power was recognized by the former ecologist_.（分数：7.10
34、）_(8).Sugiharas main goal was not_.（分数：7.10）_(9).Why did Sugiharas lecture to a NMFS scientific panel prolong so much?（分数：7.10）_(10).Sugihara proposes to rely on_ rather than a detailed understanding of complex biological systems to preserve fish stocks.（分数：7.10）_三、Listening Comprehens(总题数：1，分数：15.0
35、0)A.It will last for two weeks.B.It has come to a halt.C.It will end before long.D.It will probably continue.A.The man is a forgetful person.B.The typewriter is not new.C.The man can have the typewriter later.D.The man misunderstood her.A.It was probably Mr. Browns phone number that the woman wrote
36、down.B.It was just an hour ago that the man met Mr. Brown.C.The woman forgot to write down the phone number.D.The woman needed a sheet of paper to put down the number.A.She believes that the man drives carefully.B.She thinks that the man had signaled in time.C.She thinks that the man has ruined her
37、car.D.She doesnt know what to do with the mess.A.Its soon enough to get here.B.Its not soon enough to get here.C.Its not late to get here.D.Its early enough to get here.A.It was misleading.B.It was enjoyable.C.It was rather boring.D.It was just so-so.A.He wonders if anything happened at the coffee s
38、hop.B.He doesnt know why the coffee tastes bad.C.He only wants coffee because he isnt hungry.D.He dunks that they ought to go to the coffee shop.A.The child should know how to solve the math problems.B.There wont be any difficulty in the math homework.C.She wants to help the child with me math homew
39、ork.D.She wants to find out about the math problems.四、Section A(总题数：2，分数：10.00)A.A more economical diesel fuel.B.Characteristics of a new type of fuel.C.Where a new energy source is located.D.How to develop alternative energy sources.A.Hes studying for a test.B.He lost his notes.C.He missed the clas
40、s.D.Hes doing research on alternative.A.To help him explain the information to his roommate.B.To help him write a paper.C.To prepare for a test.D.To tell her if the notes are accurate.A.American literature.B.Elementary education.C.Art history.D.Experimental medicine.A.They are professional storytell
41、ers.B.They are the parents of young children.C.The stories will help them improve their vocabulary.D.The stories are required for a course.A.It uses an extensive vocabulary.B.Friends of the speakers.C.The same person.D.Fictional characters.A.At the beginning of a semester.B.During midterm week.C.At
42、the end of a semester.D.In the middle of summer vacation.五、Section B(总题数：3，分数：10.00)A.A diet largely consisting of fruits and vegetables.B.A diet including grains, fresh fruit and vegetables, and meat.C.A diet including a combination of several different food types.D.A diet without fat and oils.A.Ha
43、ving selected food types.B.Eating vegetables and fruits.C.Eating as much as possible.D.Having all food types in proper proportions.A.To rise peoples awareness of balanced diet.B.To warn people of the consequences of not having balanced diet.C.To show people the right proportions and types of foods t
44、hat make up a balanced diet.D.To divide food into different categories.A.2 - 5B.3 - 5C.2 - 4D.3 - 4A.How John Milton Wrote Paradise Lost.B.How John Milton Became a Poet.C.How John Milton Studied Latin.D.How John Milton Became Famous.A.It had a strange accent.B.It was difficult to understand.C.It had
45、 a strong Italian accent.D.It was easy to understand.A.He was well-known in the world.B.He was very strange.C.He was clever and hard working.D.He was quick at Latin and poems.A.To find out whether they take music lessons in their spare time.B.To find out whether they can name four different musical
46、instruments.C.To find out whether they enjoy playing musical instruments in school.D.To find out whether they differ in their preference for musical instruments.A.They find them too hard to play.B.They think it silly to play them.C.They find it not challenging enough to play them.D.They consider it
47、important to be different from girls.A.Children who have private music tutors.B.Children who are 8 or older.C.Children who are between 5 and 7.D.Children who are well-educated.六、Section C(总题数：1，分数：10.00)The early European settlement is along one of our well-known riverswhich (36) 1into the Atlantic to form New York bay. The Hudson river has a (37) 2of interesting physical features that made it very attractive for settlement by the Eur
