1、大学英语六级-167 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)Never mind the fight to get people to open their wallets in the recessionsome companies are taking a different policy, and trying to get customers to open their purses instead. In America, where female consumers make more than 80% of discretionary (自由决定的) purcha
2、ses, companies have started tailoring their products and messages to appeal to women, in an effort to boost their sales. Frito-Lay, a snack-food company owned by PepsiCo, has launched a campaign called “Only In A Woman“s World“ to convince women that crisps and popcorn are not just for male, beer-gu
3、zzling (爆饮啤酒的) sport fans. OfficeMax, American second-largest office-supplies company, has redesigned its notebooks and file-holders to appeal to women and has run advertisements that encourage women to make their office more colourful. For the first time, McDonald“s was a sponsor of New York Fashio
4、n Week in February, promoting a new line of hot drinks to trendsetting women. It is hardly news that women control the vast majority of consumer spending. But the recession has prompted companies to rethink their approach. SheSpeaks that helps companies including Citibank and Philips reach women con
5、sumers, has tripled its number of clients since the recession began. Some women“s magazines, too, are benefiting as companies that had never before expressed interest in advertising with them are now doing so. Aside from their greater purchasing power, women are valuable customers for three reasons.
6、 First, they are loyal, says Marti Barletta, author of Marketing to Women , and more likely to continue to buy a brand if they like it. Second, women are more likely than men to spread information about products they like through word of mouth and social-networking sites. Third, most of the lay-offs
7、 so far in America have been in male-dominated fields, like manufacturing and construction. This means women may bring home a greater share of household income in the months ahead and have even more buying power. But marketing to women may not work for every company. In particular, for firms (such a
8、s some carmakers) with brands that are regarded as strongly male or trying to attract the opposite sex, could enhance short-term sales but cause a longer-term decline. Jill Avery of the Simmons School of Management in Boston researched this trend with cars. When Porsche released a sport-utility vehi
9、cle designed for women, sales temporarily increased, but men started to move away from the brand, on the basis that it had compromised its masculine image. But in this recession, having a tarnished (受损的) brand is better than having no brand at all.（分数：25.00）(1).According to the passage, companies in
10、 America begin to attract female consumers in order to _.（分数：5.00）A.open their pursesB.make women happyC.increase the salesD.make companies fight with each other(2).The author provides the example of McDonald“s in the second paragraph to show that McDonald“s _.（分数：5.00）A.begins to be engaged in fash
11、ionable circlesB.is willing to support New York Fashion WeekC.is popular among womenD.begins to provide new products targeted at women(3).What can we learn from the fourth paragraph?（分数：5.00）A.Most of the lay-offs so far in America have been in female-dominated fields.B.Men have greater purchasing p
12、ower than women.C.Women in America may earn more than men during the recession period.D.Men are more likely to spread information about products they like than women.(4).The reason that men refused to buy a sport-utility vehicle by Porsche was that _.（分数：5.00）A.it damaged its masculine imageB.its de
13、sign was out of dateC.its function was not suitable for menD.men didn“t have enough money to buy it(5).What is the main idea of the passage?（分数：5.00）A.Sales of American companies are declining due to the recession.B.Men are not satisfied with the promotion targeted at female customers.C.Recession-hi
14、t companies provide new products targeted at female customers.D.American women have more purchasing power than men now.The world is undergoing tremendous changes. The rise of globalization has forged new ground as we enter the 21st century. But are the effects of globalization always positive? Some
15、say no. Michael Tenet, head of the International Institute for Foreign Relations in Atlanta, is worried about current resentment throughout the world towards the rise of globalization. “Ever since the 1980s and the economic breakdown of the Asian Tigers in the late 1990s, there has been a reevaluati
16、on of the role of globalization as a force for good,“ he said, “Income in many countries has declined and the gap between the most rich and the most poor has been worsened. Without further interference by governments, we could see a tragedy expressed in an increased level of poverty throughout the L
17、atin America and Asia.“ Yet George Frank, an influential economist who works on Wall Street, sees no such danger. “Economic liberalization (自由化), increased transparency and market-based reforms have positive effect in the long run, even if market mechanisms can produce short-term destabilization pro
18、blems,“ he said, “What is most important is that barriers to trade continue to fall so that active competition for consumables reduces prices and in turn raises the average level of income.“ Others feel that globalization“s cultural impact may be more important than its economic implications. Janice
19、 Yawee, a native of Africa, feels strongly that globalization is weakening her local culture and language. “Most of the world“s dialects will become extinct under globalization. We are paving the world with McDonald“s and English slang. It tears me up inside,“ she said. However, ignoring the politic
20、al dimensions of globalization has already had its cost. Nowhere was it made clearer than in the Southeast Asian economic crisis of the late 1990sparticularly in Indonesia. In the wake of that crisis, the Suhatro“s regime was overthrown, and the entire country has been thrown into a mess. The Indone
21、sian economy has contracted almost 50%, throwing tens of millions of people below the poverty line. Governments of different countries have had mixed responses to the wave of globalization. The United States is generally seen as an active proponent (支持者) of greater free trade, and it certainly has e
22、normous cultural influence by virtue of its monopoly on worldwide entertainment. So the challenge faced by the Bush administration is not the challenge of the 1990s. But other countries, most notably developing countries and countries in Europe, are seeking for ways to reduce the impact that globali
23、zation has on their domestic affairs.（分数：25.00）(1).What is Michael Tenet“s attitude towards globalization?（分数：5.00）A.Negative.B.Anxious.C.Positive.D.Indifferent.(2).According to the passage, George Frank _.（分数：5.00）A.agrees with the comments made by Michael TenetB.consents that globalization is favo
24、urable to economyC.believes that the reduction of prices is due to the competitionD.thinks the instability is caused by the economic liberalization(3).Janice Yawee“s words mean that _.（分数：5.00）A.dialects need more protection by people in the worldB.informal English words are as popular as McDonald“s
25、 in the worldC.Janice Yawee“s local culture has vanished in the worldD.the impacts of globalization on cultures of the world are great(4).The author cites the example of Indonesia in order to _.（分数：5.00）A.prove the impact of globalization on politicsB.show the economic crisis of the late 1990s in Ea
26、st AsiaC.support the successful economic and political reforms in IndonesiaD.illustrate why the Suhatro“s regime collapsed(5).According to the passage, globalization is _.（分数：5.00）A.good for a country“s economic developmentB.widely accepted and advocated by peopleC.too influential on a country“s eco
27、nomy to be acceptedD.not always beneficial to human beings“ developmentBiologically, there is only one quality which distinguishes us from animals: the ability to laugh. In a universe which appears to be utterly deficient of humor, we enjoy this supreme luxury. And it is a luxury, for unlike any oth
28、er bodily process, laughter does not seem to serve a biologically useful purpose. In a divided world, laughter is a unifying force. Human beings oppose each other on a great many issues. Nations may disagree about systems of government and humans may be plagued by ideological clans and political cam
29、ps, but we all share the ability to laugh. And laughter, in turn, depends on that most complex and subtle of all human qualities: a sense of humor. Certain comic stereotypes have a universal appeal. This can best be seen from the worldwide popularity of Charlie Chaplin“s early films. As that great c
30、ommentator on human affairs, Dr. Samuel Johnson, once remarked, “Men have been wise in very different modes; but they have always laughed in the same way.“ A sense of humor may take various forms and laughter may be anything from refined tinkle (叮当声) to an earthquake roar, but the effect is always t
31、he same. Humor helps us to maintain a correct sense of values. It is the one quality which political fanatics (狂热者) appear to lack. If we can see the funny side, we will never make the mistake of taking ourselves too seriously. We are always reminded that tragedy is not far removed from comedy, so w
32、e never get one-sided view of things. This is one of the chief functions of satire and irony. Human pain and suffering are so grim; we hover so often on the brink of war; political realities are usually enough to plunge us into total despair. In such circumstances, cartoons and satirical accounts of
33、 serious political events redress (修正) the balance. They take the wind out of arrogant politicians who have lost their sense of proportion. They enable us to see that many of our most profound actions are merely comic or absurd. We laugh when a great satirist like Swift writes about war in Gulliver“
34、s Travels. The Lilliputians and their neighbors attack each other because they can“t agree on which end to break an egg. We laugh because we are meant to laugh; but we are meant to weep too. It is too powerful a weapon to be allowed to flourish. The sense of humor must be singled out as man“s most i
35、mportant quality because it is associated with laughter. And laughter, in turn, is associated with happiness. Courage, determination, initiativethese are qualities we share with other forms of life. But the sense of humor is uniquely human. If happiness is one of the great goals of life, then it is
36、the sense of humor that provides the key.（分数：25.00）(1).We can learn from the first paragraph that laughter _.（分数：5.00）A.can resolve people“s opposition to each otherB.is a universal feature shared by human beingsC.plays a biological role like other bodily processD.has nothing to do with people“s sen
37、se of humor(2).The author mentions Charlie Chaplin“s early films to show that _.（分数：5.00）A.they can amuse peopleB.they are very instructiveC.certain comic stereotypes are popular worldwideD.people all share the same ability to laugh(3).According to the passage, a sense of humor _.（分数：5.00）A.can be r
38、eflected in many waysB.helps us lead a healthier lifeC.can make us avoid making mistakesD.reminds us of the existence of tragedy(4).What is the main purpose of irony and satire?（分数：5.00）A.To enable us to see absurd actions.B.To take the wind out of politicians.C.To adjust the balance of our inner wo
39、rld.D.To show severe pain of human beings.(5).What is the most important quality exclusive to human beings?（分数：5.00）A.Humor.B.Determination.C.Courage.D.Initiative.The use of deferential (敬重的) language is symbolic of the Confucian ideal of the woman, which dominates conservative gender norms in Japan
40、. This ideal presents a woman who withdraws quietly to the background, subordinating her life and needs to those of her family and its male head. She is a dutiful daughter, wife and mother, master of the domestic arts. The typical refined Japanese woman excels in modesty and delicacy; she “ treads s
41、oftly (谨言慎行) in the world,“ elevating feminine beauty and grace to an art form. Nowadays, it is commonly observed that young women are not conforming to the feminine linguistic (语言的) ideal. They are using fewer of the very deferential “women“s“ forms, and even using the few strong forms that are kno
42、wn as “men“s“. This, of course, attracts considerable attention and has led to an outcry in the Japanese media against the defeminization of women“s language. Indeed, we didn“t hear about “men“s language“ until people began to respond to girls“ appropriation of forms normally reserved for boys and m
43、en. There is considerable sentiment about the “corruption“ of women“s languagewhich of course is viewed as part of the loss of feminine ideals and moralityand this sentiment is crystallized by nationwide opinion polls that are regularly carried out by the media. Yoshiko Matsumoto has argued that you
44、ng women probably never used as many of the highly deferential forms as older women. This highly polite style is no doubt something that young women have been expected to “grow into“after all, it is a sign not simply of femininity, but of maturity and refinement, and its use could be taken to indica
45、te a change in the nature of one“s social relations as well. One might well imagine little girls using exceedingly polite forms when playing house or imitating older womenin a fashion analogous to little girls“ use of a high-pitched voice to do “teacher talk“ or “mother talk“ in role play. The fact
46、that young Japanese women are using less deferential language is a sure sign of changeof social change and of linguistic change. But it is most certainly not a sign of the “masculinization“ of girls. In some instances, it may be a sign that girls are making the same claim to authority as boys and me
47、n, but that is very different from saying that they are trying to be “masculine“. Katsue Reynolds has argued that girls nowadays are using more assertive language strategies in order to be able to compete with boys in schools and out. Social change also brings not simply different positions for wome
48、n and girls, but different relations to life stages, and adolescent girls are participating in new subcultural forms. Thus what may, to an older speaker, seem like “masculine“ speech may seem to an adolescent like “liberated“ or “hip“ speech.（分数：25.00）(1).The first paragraph describes in detail _.（分
49、数：5.00）A.the standards set for contemporary Japanese womenB.the Confucian influence on gender norms in JapanC.the stereotyped role of women in Japanese familiesD.the norms for traditional Japanese women to follow(2).What change can be observed in today“s young Japanese women?（分数：5.00）A.They pay less attention to their linguistic behavior.B.They use fewer of the deferential linguistic forms.C.They confuse male and female forms of language.D.They employ very strong linguistic expressions.(3).How do Japanese media react to women“s app
