1、大学四级-688 及答案解析(总分：700.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPart Writing(总题数：1，分数：103.00)1.很多人认为文凭能说明一切2. 然而当今社会越来越看重能力3. 你的看法Ability or Diploma（分数：103.00）_二、BPart Reading (总题数：1，分数：70.00)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For que
2、stions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.The Choice MythLast week, The Washington Post ran a front-page story that said most stay-at-home moms arent SUV-driving, daily yoga-
3、doing, latte-drinking white, upper-middle-class women who choose to leave their high-powered careers to answer the call to motherhood. Instead, they are disproportionately low-income, non-college educated, young and foreign-born; in other words, they are women whose horizons are greatly limited and
4、for whom the cost of child care, very often, makes work not a workable choice at all.These findings, drawn from a new report by the Census Bureau, really ought to lead us to reframe our public conversations about who mothers are and why they do what they do. It should lead us away from all the moral
5、istic bombast(大话) about mothers “choices“ and “priorities“. It should get us thinking less about choice, in fact, and make us focus more on the objective conditions that drive womens lives. And they should drive us to think about the choices that we as a society must make to guarantee that the best
6、possible opportunities are available for all families.The basic finding of this latest reportthat the more choices mothers have, the more likely they are to workhas been known, to anyone whos taken the time to seriously look into the issue, for quite some time now. Ever since 2003, when Lisa Belkins
7、 article in The Times Magazine about highly privileged and ultra-high-achieving moms“The Opt-Out Revolution“ was generalized by the news media to claim that mothers overall were choosing to leave the work force in droves, researchers have been revisiting the state of mothers employment and reaching
8、very similar conclusions.In 2005, the Motherhood Project at the Institute for American Values surveyed more than 2,000 women and published a report that said most mothers, given free choice in an ideal world, would choose to be employedprovided their employment didnt impinge (侵占) excessively on thei
9、r time with their kids. Approximately two-thirds said theyd ideally work part time or from home; only 16 percent said theyd prefer to work full-time. (Interestingly, the researchers said, it was the least-educated mothers who expressed the strongest preference for full-time work.)In 2007, the sociol
10、ogists David Cotter, Paula England and Joan Hermsen looked carefully at four decades of employment data and found that women with choicesthose with college educationswere overwhelmingly choosing to stay in the work force. The only women “opting out“ in any significant numbers were the very richestth
11、ose with husbands earning more than $125,000 a yearand the very poorestthose with husbands earning less than $23,400 a year.You might say that the movement of the richest women out of the workforce proves that women will, in the best of all possible worlds, go home. But these women often have husban
12、ds who, in order to earn those top salaries, work 70 or 80 hours a week and travel extensively; someone has to he home. Many left high-powered careers that made similar demands on their time. They are privileged, its true, but very often they have also been cornered by the all-or-nothing non-choices
13、 of our workplaces.The alternative narrativeof constricted horizons, not choicethat might have emerged from recent research has never really made it into the mainstream. It just cant, it seems, find a foothold.“The reason we keep getting this narrative is that there is this deep cultural conflict ab
14、out mothers employment,“ England told me this week. “On the one hand, people believe women should have equal opportunities, but on the other hand, we dont envision(展望) men taking on more child care and housework and, unlike Europe, we dont seem to be able to envision family-friendly work policies. “
15、Why this mattersand why opening this topic up for discussion is importantis very clear: because our public policy continues to rest upon a fictitious idea, eternally recycled in the media, of mothers free choices, and not upon the constraints that truly drive their behavior. “If journalism repeatedl
16、y frames the wrong problem, then the folks who make public policy may very well deliver the wrong solution,“ is how E. J. Graff, the associate director and senior researcher at Brandeis Universitys Schuster Institute for Investigative Journalism once put it in the Columbia Journalism Review. “If wom
17、en are happily choosing to stay home with their babies, thats a private decision. But. its a public policy issue if schools, jobs and other American institutions are structured in ways that make it frustratingly difficult, and sometimes impossible, for parents to manage both their jobs and family re
18、sponsibilities.“It looked, not so long ago, as though things were going to change. Barack Obama made increasing womens work/life choices and providing more supports for working families a cornerstone of his campaign. All those lofty ideals, though, seem to have been forgotten in the realities of thi
19、s recession, where plans to expand universal pre-K, paid family leave and subsidies for child care have gone the way of“ state budget revenues. Even workfare, The Times reported this week, is being discarded in California in favor of old-style no-work welfare, because its been deemed too costly to g
20、ive poor mothers job skills while providing decent child care.In Fresno County, one of the first places in California where welfare recipients are being told about the policy change, which is voluntary for now, the new regulations arent being viewed as good news.“Especially when you have kids, you c
21、ant just sit around and collect checks,“ one mother told The Times. For now, 90 percent of beneficiaries in Fresno County are choosing to keep working and receiving child care subsidies.When mothers can choose, they choose self-empowerment (自助自强). Because they know that there is no true difference b
22、etween their advancement and the advancement of their children. Why do we so enduringly deny them the dignity of choice?（分数：70.00）(1).According to the front-page story of the Washington Post, most stay-at-home moms _.（分数：7.00）A.choose to leave their work at their own willsB.have to stay at home rear
23、ing childrenC.have more housework to doD.are usually from upper-middle class(2).The findings from a new report make us _.（分数：7.00）A.pay attention to drive force of mums real situationB.focus more on the choices in moms lifeC.have more conversations with momsD.grow morally concerned with moms(3).Lisa
24、 Belkins articles in Time Magazin has _.（分数：7.00）A.attracted a lot of disagreementB.been misgeneralized by the news mediaC.been taken seriouslyD.been suspected by many researchers(4).According to the survey by the Motherhood Project, most mothers would prefer to _.（分数：7.00）A.leave the work if the jo
25、b demands too much timeB.work if the children have gone to collegeC.work if the job doesnt take away too much time from childrenD.leave the work if the children demand their leaving(5).According to researchers, who had the strongest desire to work on full-time basis?（分数：7.00）A.The most privileged wo
26、man.B.The least-educated morns.C.The best-educated mothers.D.The mothers without any child.(6).David Cotter together with two other colleagues found that _（分数：7.00）A.women with college education were desperate to stay in work forceB.both rich and poor women were will to stay at workC.the poorest wom
27、en were desperate to stay at workD.the richest women had the most choices(7).Women have limited horizon because of _.（分数：7.00）A.more housework to doB.cultural conflictC.the demanding child-rearingD.their confined employment(8).E. J. Graff claimed if schools and jobs make it difficult for parents to
28、make the choice, it will be _（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(9).Increasing womens work/life choices and providing more supports for working families is Barack Obamas _.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(10).In Fresno County, the majority of beneficiaries are receiving child care subsidies while _.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_三、BPart Listenin(总题
29、数：4，分数：105.00)BSection A/BDirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there w
30、ill be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer.（分数：35.00）A.Kevin probably wont find a partner in time.B.Kevin should talk to his former partner.C.Kevin will manage to find a partner.D.Kevin has already found a partner.A.
31、She isnt ready to cooperate with the man.B.Shes surprised the man chose her.C.She doesnt understand why the man didnt work.D.She thinks its difficult to find a partner.A.Works at the meat counter.B.Delivers groceries to customers.C.Serves as a cashier.D.Serves as an after sales man.A.It got lost.B.I
32、t was delivered late.C.It was delivered to a wrong place.D.It damaged in the course of delivering.A.The Air France Counter is on the right side.B.There is a long queue at the Air France Counter.C.The British Airways counter is Counter 28.D.The British Airways counter is next to Counter 28.（分数：21.00）
33、A.The dinning table.B.The current news.C.A job vacancy.D.The Internet service.A.The interest rates are high.B.The man wants some advice on how to invest.C.The woman suggests investing money in one place.D.The woman does not want to help him.A.She is angry with the man.B.She can accept the mans reque
34、st though she is busy.C.She doesnt want to write the letter for the man.D.Its very difficult for her to write the letter today.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：28.00）A.How to place orders.B.The womans history class.C.The history of American catalog business.D.
35、The relationship between farmers and Ward.A.For her study.B.To order some filing cabinet.C.To buy something to decorate her dormitory room.D.To find some topics to discuss in the class.A.The farmers liked to order from catalogs because of the lower prices.B.If the farmers ordered a lot of things the
36、y could get a refund for one of them.C.Wards business was popular among farmers because it was convenient for them to order from catalogs.D.Some small stores were driven out of the business because they didnt give refund to farmers.A.The catalogs were helpful with the study of students.B.They used t
37、he catalogs to place orders.C.Their textbooks were not as good as the catalogs.D.The prices of things in the catalogs were low.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：21.00）A.Something is wrong with her car.B.The cost of the fuel is high.C.Its cheap to take bus.D.She
38、 thinks public transportation is environmental friendly.A.The problems of environment pollution.B.A material which can save fuel.C.The installation of pollution filters.D.The way to spray a coat on the engines.A.People can spray confine oxide on their car engines easily.B.The material works as a pol
39、lution filter.C.The material saves fuel for it reflects back the heat of burning fuel.D.When burnt, the material will save fuel.四、BSection B/B(总题数：3，分数：70.00)Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and th
40、e questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D).Passage OneQuestions 26 to 28 are bused on the passage you have just heard.（分数：21.00）A.He suffers from a blocked nose.B.He suffers from a leaky nose.C.He su
41、ffers from a cough.D.All of the above.A.It can increase the spread of infections.B.It can reduce the spread of infections.C.It is good to other children.D.It is good to the whole family.A.To develop a greater resistance.B.To increase the spread of infections.C.To create a good environment.D.To incre
42、ase being infected.Passage TwoQuestions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard.（分数：21.00）A.Tuition.B.Room-and-board.C.Social activitiesD.All of the above.A.More than thirty six thousand dollars.B.More than fourteen thousand dollars.C.Twenty thousand dollars.D.Less than seventy-four do
43、llars.A.A Statement of Financial Responsibility.B.A bank letter or statement.C.A proof of anyone who will help with payments from a bankD.A letter from the students high school.Passage ThreeQuestions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.（分数：28.00）A.A novel named Uncle Toms Cabin.B.T
44、he harshness of the plantation life.C.Works about the south.D.Works about the village life.A.Village life in the south.B.Customs of the south.C.Village life in the New England states.D.The Civil War.A.Because she wrote about village life in her best works.B.Because she was the first one to use local
45、 dialect for her characters in her works.C.Because she wrote about the customs of the villages with a bit imagination.D.Because her settings were often described actually and in detail.A.Because she did not like the life of the south.B.Because she was born in the south and was tired of the life ther
46、e.C.Because she was a teacher.D.Because she was familiar with the life there.五、BSection C/B(总题数：1，分数：77.00)Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the
47、 second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main poin
48、ts in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.Man lives in communities. His social existence restricts his U(36) /U in certain directions and extends it in others. Society U(37) /U on him some limitations. People do not all engage in the same activities. They can be U(38) /U from each other by the functions they perform. This process of differentiation is called specialization. Specialization prevents many members of an industrial society from developing intelligence and U(39) /U. But some aspects of human soc
