1、大学四级-74 及答案解析(总分：720.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPart Writing(总题数：1，分数：106.00)1.现在的年轻人普遍相当领导 2. 人们对此有不同的看法 3. 我认为（分数：106.00）_二、BPart Reading (总题数：2，分数：77.00)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose th
2、e best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.Eight Things Successful People Do DifferentlyWhy have you been so successful in reaching some of your goals, but not others? If you arent sure, you are far f
3、rom alone in your confusion. It turns out that even brilliant, highly accomplished people are pretty awful when it comes to understanding why they succeed or fail. The intuitive answerthat you are born predisposed to certain talents and lacking in othersis really just one small piece of the puzzle.
4、In fact, decades of research on achievement suggests that successful people reach their goals not simply because of who they are, but more often because of what they do.Get specificWhen you set yourself a goal, try to be as specific as possible. “Lose 5 pounds“ is a better goal than “lose some weigh
5、t“. Knowing exactly what you want to achieve keeps you motivated until you get there. Also, think about the specific actions that need to be taken to reach your goal. Just promising youll “eat less“ or “sleep more“ is too vaguebe clear and precise. “Ill be in bed by 10pro on weeknights“ leaves no ro
6、om for doubt about what you need to do, and whether or not youve actually done it. Seize the moment to act on your goalsGiven how busy most of us are, and how many goals we are juggling (同时做) at once, its not surprising that we routinely miss opportunities to act on a goal because we simply fail to
7、notice them. Did you really have no time to work out today? Achieving your goal means grabbing hold of these opportunities before they slip through your fingers.To seize the moment, decide when and where you will take each action you want to take, in advance. Again, be as specific as possible. Studi
8、es show that this kind of planning will help your brain to detect and seize the opportunity when it arises, increasing your chances of success by roughly 300%. Know exactly how far you have left to goAchieving any goal also requires honest and regular monitoring of your progressif not by others, the
9、n by you yourself. If you dont know how well you are doing, you cant adjust your behavior or your strategies accordingly. Check your progress frequently- weekly, or even daily, depending on the goal. Be a realistic optimistWhen you are setting a goal, by all means engage in lots of positive thinking
10、 about how likely you are to achieve it. Believing in your ability to succeed is enormously helpfifl for creating and sustaining your motivation. But whatever you do, dont underestimate how difficult it will be to reach your goal. Most goals worth achieving require time, planning, effort, and persis
11、tence. Studies show that thinking things will come to you easily and effortlessly leaves you ill-prepared for the journey ahead, and significantly increases the odds of failure. Focus on getting better, rather than being goodMany of us believe that our intelligence, our personality, and our physical
12、 aptitudes (才能) are fixed that no matter what we do, we wont improve. As a result, we focus on goals that are all about proving ourselves, rather than developing and acquiring new skills.Fortunately, decades of research suggest that the belief in fixed ability is completely wrong abilities of all ki
13、nds are profoundly malleable (可改变的). Embracing the fact that you can change will allow you to make better choices, and reach your fullest potential. People whose goals are about getting better, rather than being good, take difficulty in stride, and appreciate the journey as much as the destination.
14、Have grit (毅力)Studies show that gritty people obtain more education in their lifetime, and earn higher college GPAs (grade point average). Grit predicts which cadets (军校学员) will stick out their first difficult year at West Point.The good news is, if you arent particularly gritty now, there is someth
15、ing you can do about it. People who lack grit more often than not beheve that they just dont have the innate abilities successful people havethey are wrong. As I mentioned earlier, effort, planning, persistence, and good strategies are what it really takes to succeed. Embracing this knowledge will n
16、ot only help you see yourself and your goals more accurately, but also do wonders for your grit. Build your willpower muscleYour self-control “muscle“ is just like the other muscles in your bodywhen it doesnt get much exercise, it becomes weaker over time. But when you give it regular workouts by pu
17、tting it to good use, it will grow stronger and stronger, and be better able to help you successfully reach your goals.To build willpower, take on a challenge that requires you to do something youd honestly rather not do. When you find yourself wanting to give in, give up, or just not botherdont. St
18、art with just one activity, and make a plan for how you will deal with troubles when they occur (“If I have a desire for a snack, I will eat one piece of fresh fruit.“) It will be hard in the beginning, but it will get easier, and thats the whole point. As your strength grows, you can take on more c
19、hallenges and step-up your self-control workout.Focus on what you will do, not what you wont doDo you want to successfully lose weight, quit smoking, or put a lid on your bad temper? Then plan how you will replace bad habits with good ones, rather than focusing only on the bad habits themselves. Res
20、earch on thought suppression (压制) (e.g., “Dont think about white bears!“) has shown that trying to avoid a thought makes it even more active in your mind. The same holds true when it comes to behavior by trying not to engage in a bad habit, our habits get strengthened rather than broken.If you want
21、to change your ways, ask yourself, What will I do instead? For example, if you are trying to gain control of your temper and stop flying off the handle, you might make a plan like “If I am starting to feel angry, then I will take three deep breaths to calm down.“ By using deep breathing as a replace
22、ment for giving in to your anger, your bad habit will get worn away over time until it disappears completely.（分数：63.00）(1).Many people didnt expect that very successful people_. A. can succeed in difficult tasks but fail in very simple ones B. arent clear why they succeed in achieving their goals C.
23、 tend to feel very lonely when they reach their goals D. are born with some special ability to do something well（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Why should people be specific when setting a goal? A. It boosts their confidence. B. It makes the goal easier to achieve. C. It saves time in reaching the goal. D. It
24、helps sustain their motivation.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Very often, people who miss chances to act on a goal attribute the failure to_. A. being busy and having no time B. setting too difficult goals C. getting no notice from others D. hoping for better chances（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(4).According to studies,
25、when people plan specific actions in advance, _. A. there is no doubt that they will fulfill their dreams B. they have greater possibilities of reaching their goals C. they are able to get their work done more efficiently D. they are more likely to persist in face of difficulty（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(5).T
26、he author suggests that monitoring your progress regularly _. A. should be done by people around you B. is helpful for determining whether the goal is realistic C. enables you to make necessary adjustment in actions D. is not always essential depending on the goal（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(6).Thinking that g
27、oals are not difficult to reach_. A. prepares people better for challenges B. prevents people fom shying away from hardships C. helps people cope with difficulty calmly D. significantly raises the possibility of failure（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(7).What does the author say about people believing in fixed abi
28、lity? A. They dont focus on goals that improve themselves. B. They are more willing to commit to long-term goals. C. They cant take on many challenging tasks at one time. D. Their goals are to get better instead of being good.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(8).People lacking determination usually believe that the
29、y are not born with_. that successful people have.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(9).Your ability to control your mind and body will become stronger if you _and use it properly.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_According to some research, if you try to suppress thinking about white bears, it just becomes _in your brain.（分数：14.00）填空
30、项 1:_填空项 1:_三、BPart Listenin(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、BSection A/B(总题数：4，分数：105.00)Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will
31、be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. （分数：35.00）(1).A. Quit their jobs at
32、the same time. B. Establish a firm in collaboration. C. Enrich their poor knowledge in business.D. Take an adventurous trip with their savings.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2). A. People should not idle away their life. B. People should have made greater achievement. C. People should avoid being killed unexpect
33、edly. D. People should have taken things more seriously.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3). A. Time passes very quickly. B. The woman is wrong about the pick-up time. C. He doesnt have anything to do. D. Before lunch is a great time to pick up the papers.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(4). A. She has to work to support herself
34、. B. Her classes are not difficult. C. She goes to a full-time school. D. She takes evening courses.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(5). A. Jack survived the accident. B. Jack saved all the other passengers. C. Jack had little damage done to his car. D. Jack was the only victim of the accident.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.（分数
35、：21.00）(1). A. Her mild temper. B. Her broad knowledge. C. Her teaching style. D. Her detailed answers.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2). A. It wont come out until June 26. B. It hasnt been returned by the borrower. C. It is not available unless it has been reserved. D. It was withdrawn from the shelf as a back
36、issue.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3). A. Their healthy lifestyle. B. Their work environment. C. Their outgoing personality. D. Their usual food and drink.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard. （分数：28.00）(1). A. The rock-climbing training involves a lot of prepar
37、ation. B. Rock-climbing is safe if you are experienced enough. C. The woman is not excited about the first class in rock-climbing. D. The speakers will take a climbing trip in the early spring when the ice breaks.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2). A. One is safe if he is very careful. B. Hi-tech safety equipment
38、 ensures ones safety. C. A lot of people do rock-climbing and they are OK. D. There are no dangerous places nearby to do rock-climbing.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3). A. She can make a lot of friends. B. She can work more efficiently. C. She can learn mental discipline. D. She can get more familiar with the m
39、an.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(4). A. He might join the class. B. He will join the class if the woman does. C. He still thinks it unworthy to join the class. D. He will tell the woman once he has made a decision.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard. （分数：21.00）(
40、1). A. Its difficult to obtain happiness. B. Happiness is only a state of mind. C. Happiness is closely related to material life. D. People shouldnt always ask what happiness is.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2). A. They have no dreams. B. They dont feel being loved. C. They get used to what they have. D. They o
41、nly cherish the material things.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3). A. Expensive ones. B. Cheap ones. C. Gifts made carefully. D. Gifts that wont last.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.五、BSection B/B(总题数：3，分数：70.00)Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some question
42、s. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, BJ, C and D. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Questions 26 to 29 are based on the passa
43、ge you have just heard. （分数：28.00）(1). A. Pets value in medical research. B. What pets bring to their owners. C. How pets help people calm down. D. Peoples opinions of keeping pets.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2). A. If he has a pet companion. B. If he has less stress of work. C. If he often does mental calcul
44、ation. D. If he is taken care of by his family.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3). A. They have lower blood pressure. B. They become more patient. C. They are in higher spirits. D. They are less nervous.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(4). A. People with dogs did more exercise. B. Dogslost the same weight as people did. C. Dogs
45、 liked exercise much more than people did. D. People without dogs found the program unhelpful.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.Questions 30 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard. （分数：21.00）(1). A. Olivetti earned more in the 1960s than in the 1950s. B. By 1930 Olivetti produced 13,000 typewriters a yea
46、r. C. Some of Olivettis 700 staff regularly visited customers in Italy. D. Olivetti set up offices in other countries from the very beginning.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2). A. Camillo Olivettis death. B. Its slow progress. C. A period of financial problem. D. Its agreements with other companies.（分数：7.00）A.B.
47、C.D.(3). A. It produces the best typewriter in the world B. It exports more typewriters than other computers C. It designs the worlds first mainframe computer D. It has five independent companies with its head office in Ivrea.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.Questions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just
48、 heard. （分数：21.00）(1). A. He never watched TV. B. He read what he had to. C. He found reading unbelievable. D. He considered reading part of his life.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2). A. It helps him to realize his dream. B. It opens up a wider world for him. C. It makes his college life more interesting. D. It increases his interest in worldwide travel.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3). A. Why do I read? B.
