1、大学六级-1563 及答案解析(总分：667.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Writing(总题数：1，分数：106.00)1.1有人认为应该放弃核能2有人则认为应该坚持发展核能3我的看法Should We Abandon Nuclear Power?（分数：106.00）_二、Part Reading Compr(总题数：4，分数：70.00)Obamas War on SchoolsThe No Child Left Behind Act has been deadly to public education. So why has the president embraced
2、 it?Over the past year, I have traveled the nation speaking to nearly 100,000 educators, parents, and school-board members. No matter the city, state, or region, those who know schools best are frightened for the future of public education. They see no one ina position of leadership who understands
3、the damage being done to their schools by federal policies.They feel keenly betrayed by President Obama. Most voted for him, hoping he would reverse the ruinous No Child Left Behind (NCLB) legislation of George W. Bush. But Obama has not sought to turn back NCLB. His own approach, called Race to the
4、 Top, is even more punitive than NCLB. And though over the past week the president has repeatedly called on Congress to amend the law, his proposed reforms are largely cosmetic (装点门面的) and would leave the worst aspects of NCLB intact.The theory behind NCLB was that schools would improve dramatically
5、 if every child in grades 3 to 8 were tested every year and the results made public. Texas did exactly this, and advocates claimed it had seen remarkable results: test scores went up, the achievement gap between students of different races was closing, and graduation rates rose. At the time, a few s
6、cholars questioned the claims of a “Texas miracle,“ but Congress didnt listen.In fact, the “Texas miracle“ never happened. On federal tests, the states reading scores for eighth-grade students were flat from 1998 to 2009. And just weeks ago, former first lady Barbara Bush wrote an opinion piece in t
7、he Houston Chronicle opposing education budget cuts on the grounds that Texas students ranked in the bottom 10 percent in math and literacy nationally. After two decades of testing and accountability, Texas students have certainly not experienced a miracle when judged by the very measures that were
8、forced on students across the nation.NCLB required that 100 percent of students be proficient in reading and math by 2014. Any school not on track to meet this utopian goalone never reached by any nation in the worldwould face a series of sanctions, culminating in the firing of the staff and the clo
9、sing of the school. As 2014 nears, tens of thousands of schools have been branded as failures, thousands of educators have been fired, and schools that were once the anchors of their communities are closing, replaced in many cases by privately managed schools. NCLB turns out to be a timetable for th
10、e destruction of public education.Because of the punitive character of the federal law, educators struggle to meet their testing targets. Many districts have reduced time for the arts, history, science, civics, foreign languages, physical education, literature, and geography. They devote more time t
11、o preparing students for the state tests in basic skills, which will determine the life or death of their schools. Some districts, such as Atlanta, have experienced cheating scandals. Some states, such as New York, lowered the passing mark on their tests to increase the number of students who were a
12、llegedly proficient.Standardized-test scores can provide useful information about how students are doing. But as soon as the scores are tied to firing staff, giving bonuses, and closing schools, the measures become the goal of education, rather than an indicator.So now come President Obama and Educa
13、tion Secretary Arne Duncan with their Race to the Top program. The administration invited the states to compete for $4.3 billion in a time of fiscal distress. To qualify, states had to agree to evaluate teachers by student test scores, to award bonuses to teachers based on student scores, to permit
14、more privately managed charter schools, and to “turn around“ low-performing schools by such methods as firing the staffs and closing the schools.Race to the Top went even beyond NCLB in its reliance on test scores as the ultimate measure of educational quality. It asserts that teachers alonenot stud
15、ents or families or economic statusare wholly responsible for whether test scores go up or down. Now teachers rightly feel scapegoated (被当作替罪羊) for conditions that are often beyond their control. They know that if students dont come to school regularly, if they are chronically ill, if they are homel
16、ess or hungry, their test scores will suffer. But teachers alone are accountable.The Obama agenda for testing, accountability, and choice bears a striking resemblance to the Republican agenda of the past 30 years, but with one significant difference. Republicans have traditionally been wary of feder
17、al control of the schools. Duncan, however, relishes the opportunity to promote his policies with the financial heft of the federal government.The confluence between the Obama agenda and the Republican agenda became clear in the fall of 2009, when Duncan traveled the country with Newt Gingrich to pr
18、omote Race to the Top. And on March 5 of this year, President Obama flew to Florida to celebrate the test-score gains at a high school in Miami with former governor Jeb Bush, one of the nations most vocal proponents of conservative approaches to education reform.In his recent State of the Union addr
19、ess, Obama rightly asserted that we must encourage innovation, imagination, and creativity so we can “win the future“. But the federal governments emphasis on standardized tests subverts (破坏) that lofty goal. Drilling children on how to take tests discourages innovation and creativity, punishes dive
20、rgent thinking, and prioritizes skills over knowledge. And the endless hours devoted to test preparation certainly deaden students interest in school.Emboldened (鼓励) by the Obama administration, as well as by hundreds of millions of dollars from the Bill in 2007 22% did.That represented a rise in so
21、cial mobility. But with it went an apparent decline in another aspect of mobility: more people seem to be marrying within their education and income bracket, especially at the top. The best educated and highest-earning husbands in 2007 were more likely to have the highest-income wives than was the c
22、ase in 1970. At the bottom of the education heap, too, men are less likely to have wives who earn a lot. Forty years ago, half of husbands who dropped out of high school had wives who earned more than the average for women; now just 30% do.That is an exception to the rule that, as the report says, “
23、the economic gains from marriage have accrued more to men than to women.“ But there is one other way in which the growing economic influence of women increases their power within marriage. According to Pew, in households where the husband earns more, women are still just as likely to make the final
24、decisions regarding household finances; where the wife earns more, she is more than twice as likely to do so.（分数：45.00）(1).The study by the Pew Research Centre shows that men are more likely to get_ from marriage now in America.（分数：9.00）填空项 1:_(2).Among Americans aged 30-44, female college graduates
25、 now outnumber male ones due to _.（分数：9.00）填空项 1:_(3).Though men still make more money, the gap between men and womens income has been being _.（分数：9.00）填空项 1:_(4).In a sense, social mobility apparently _ because more people tend to choose a partner with similar education and income.（分数：9.00）填空项 1:_(
26、5).According to Pew, if the wife earns more, she has more power in _ on the financial issues of the family.（分数：9.00）填空项 1:_九、Section B(总题数：0，分数：0.00)十、Passage One(总题数：1，分数：44.50)The research, led by Robin Dunbar, head of the Institute of Cognitive and Evolutionary Anthropology at Oxford University,
27、showed that men and women were equally likely to lose their closest friends when they started a new relationship.Previous research by Dunbars group has shown that people typically have five very close relationshipsthat is, people whom they would turn to if they were in emotional or financial trouble
28、.“If you go into a romantic relationship, it costs you two friends. Those who have romantic relationships, instead of having the typical five core set of relationships only have four. And of those, one is the new person whos come into their life,“ said Dunbar.The study, submitted to the journal Pers
29、onal Relationships, was designed to investigate how people trade off spending time with one person over another and suggests that links with family and closest friends suffer when people start a romantic relationship.Dunbars team used an Internet-based questionnaire to quiz 428 women and 112 men abo
30、ut their relationships. In total, 363 of the participants had romantic partners. The findings suggest that a new love interest has to compensate for the loss of two close friends.Speaking at the British Science Festival in Birmingham, Professor Dunbar said: “This was a surprise for us. We hadnt expe
31、cted it. If you dont see people, your emotional engagement with them drops off and does so quickly. What I suspect is that your attention is so wholly focused on the romantic partner you dont get to see the other folks you had a lot to do with before, and so some of those relationships start to dete
32、riorate.“The questionnaire allowed people to mention whether any of their closest confidants (知己) were “extra romantic partners“. In all, 32 of those quizzed mentioned having an extra love interest in their life, but these people did not lose four friends as might be expected. Instead, the extra per
33、son in their life bumped their original romantic partner out of their innermost circle of friends.In a separate study, Dunbars team looked at how men and women maintained friendships on the social networking website Facebook. They found that womens Facebook friends were more often friends from every
34、day life that they spent time with, while men tended to collect as many friends as they could, even if they hardly knew them.“Boys seem to be in a competition to see who can have the most Facebook friends and that could be a form of mate advertising. One of the cues women use for male quality as a m
35、ate is the number of other girls chasing them, so signing up lots of girls as Facebook friends seems to be a good idea,“ said Dunbar.（分数：44.50）(1).According to the research led by Robin Dunbar, what will happen if people start a new relationship?A. They will manage to stay in contact with all of the
36、ir friends.B. They will lose two friends and get one romantic partner.C. They will move and start a life that is completely different.D. They are likely to have emotional or financial trouble.（分数：8.90）A.B.C.D.(2).According to Dunbar, why do relationships with some old friends deteriorate when people
37、 start a romantic relationship?A. The romantic partner usually doesnt like the old friends.B. The romantic partner is usually rejected by the old friends.C. They dont have enough time to spend with the old friends.D. They get tired and dont like the old friends any more.（分数：8.90）A.B.C.D.(3).When peo
38、ple have an extra romantic partner, the partner _.A. takes place of the old one B. fights with the old one for the placeC. costs them another two friends D. brings them new friends（分数：8.90）A.B.C.D.(4).Boys sign up many female Facebook friends in order to _.A. have more choices B. show off their char
39、mC. take more pleasure D. make more friends（分数：8.90）A.B.C.D.(5).What is mainly discussed in this passage?A. Ways to start a romantic relationship. B. Why people have five very close friends.C. The results of having a romantic partner.D. How to make more friends on Facebook.（分数：8.90）A.B.C.D.十一、Passag
40、e Two(总题数：1，分数：44.50)When it comes to mental health, the Internet gets a bad rap. There are countless studies that suggest regular access to the Internet is linked to stress, anxiety and addiction. But before you stop tweeting and toss out your iPhone, it turns out that spending time on the Web coul
41、d actually be making you happier.A May 12 report by British researchers from the U.K.s Chartered Institute for IT (known as BCS) have found a link between Internet access and well-being. But some benefit more than others from tapping into the information superhighway, including those with lower inco
42、mes or fewer qualifications, people living in the developing world and, perhaps most surprisingly, women.Overall, the study found that access to the Internet leads people to feel better about their lives. “Put simply, people with IT access are more satisfied with life even when taking account of inc
43、ome,“ said Michael Willmott, the social scientist who authored the study, at a press conference. “Our analysis suggests that IT has an enabling and empowering role in peoples lives, by increasing their sense of freedom and control, which has a positive impact on well-being or happiness.“ Looking at
44、a number of social and economic factors that determine happinessincluding gender, age, income and educationthe survey showed that Internet use empowers people by increasing their feelings of security, personal freedom and influence.“The results.are very plausible,“ says Carol Graham, chair in foreig
45、n policy studies at the Brookings Institution in Washington, D.C., and author of Happiness Around the World. “If you introduce a technology into the developing world, whether it is the Internet or the cell phone, that allows people to reduce their very high constraints of getting through daily life.
46、 It has a tremendous well-being effect.“But the researchers werent expecting to discover that women gain so much from technology, given that its such a male-dominated industry. Although the report didnt explore why women reap more happiness from Internet access than men do, the report hypothesizes t
47、hat because women tend to be at the center of their familys social network, the Web is a tool to help them keep their home lives organized. According to the Brookings Institutions Graham, while the findings may be surprising initially, they do make sense. “Particularly the results on gender and less
48、er developing countries, if you consider that women in many of these contexts are either isolated or repressed in a way,“ she says. “IT gives them communication with the outside world, access to networks and so on. Friendships are very important to well-being as well, and one can imagine e-mail and
49、IT being a good way to maintain those, particularly in contexts where telephones and transport are far from ideal or reliable./（分数：44.50）(1).Why is the Internet severely criticized when it comes to mental health?A. Access to Internet makes people anxious and addicted.B. Excessive use of Internet isolates people from others.C. Negative news floods
