1、大学六级-1223 及答案解析(总分：712.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Writing(总题数：1，分数：106.00)1.1. 近来不断有大学校园暴力事件发生2. 产生这力事件的原因 3. 我的看法My View on Campus Violence（分数：106.00）_二、Part Reading Compr(总题数：1，分数：70.00)The Future of Television: Whats on Next?Bosses in the television industry have been keeping a nervous eye on two Scand
2、inavians with a reputation for causing trouble. In recent years Niklas Zennstrom, a Swede, find Janus Friis, a Dane, have frightened the music industry by inventing KaZaA, a “peer-to-peer“ (P2P) file-sharing program that was widely used to download music without paying for it. Then they horrified th
3、e mighty telecoms industry by inventing Skype, another P2P program, which lets Internet users make free telephone calls between computers, and very cheap calls to ordinary phones. Their next move was to found yet another start-up - this time ,one that threatened to devastate(毁坏) the television indus
4、try.It may do the opposite, as it turns out. The new service, called Joost and now in advanced testing, is based on P2P software that runs on peoples computers, just like Skype and KaZaA. And it does indeed promise to transform the experience of watching television by combining what people like abou
5、t old-fashioned TV with the exciting possibilities of the Internet. “But unlike KaZaA and Skype,“ says Fredrik de Wahl, a Swede whom Mr. Zennstrom and Friis have hired as Joosts boss,“ Joost does not disrupt the industry that it is entering. Instead, rather than undercutting television networks and
6、producers, Joost might, as it were, give them new juice. “That is because Mr. de Wahl and his Joost team, working mostly in the Netherlands, have bravely ignored the totems (图腾) of the Internet-video boom. Chief among these fashions is letting users upload anything they want to a video service - whi
7、ch might include clips of themselves doing odd things (“ user-generated content“) or, more questionably, videos pirated from other sources. The celebrated example of this approach is You Tube, which is now part of Google, the leader in Internet search. Its big problem, however, is that it can be ill
8、egal (if copyright is violated) and terribly hard to turn into a business.On February 2nd Viacom, an American media giant, became the latest company to demand that YouTube remove copyright-infringing (侵犯版权的) clips from its website. YouTube has struck deals with some media firms, including NBC and CB
9、S, to allow their material to appear on its site, and had been trying to thrash out a similar agreement with Viacom. Many observers regard Viacoms move as a negotiating tactic. But whether YouTube can make money is unclear. Last month Chad Hurley, YouTubes chief executive, sketched out plans for gen
10、erating advertising revenues and sharing them with content providers, but so far his firm has none to speak of.The Innovation of JoostJoost is also ignoring the two business models seen as the most respectable alternatives to advertising. One is to make users pay for each television show or film the
11、y download, but then to let them keep it. This is the tack chosen by Apple, an electronics firm that sells videos on iTunes, its popular online store; by Amazon, the largest online retailer; and by Wal-Mart, the largest traditional retailer, which launched a video-download service this week. The oth
12、er approach is to let users subscribe to what is, in effect, an all-you-can-eat buffet of videos, and then to“ stream“ video to their computers without leaving a permanent copy. This is the approach taken by, for instance, Netflix, a Californian firm that mostly delivers DVDs to its subscribers by p
13、ost, but now also streams films.The reason that Joost is ignoring all of these methods, says Mr. de Wahl, is that none has much to do with the experience of simply watching TV, which most people enjoy. “Unlike the download or streaming approaches, “he says, “TV is not about buying today what you wan
14、t to watch tomorrow. Its about turning it on and watching. “And in contrast to the“ lean-forward“ context of “snacking“ on a YouTube clip in ones cubicle while the boss has stepped out, TV is a longer and more relaxed “lean-backward“ experience.Hence Joosts most shocking innovation, which is not to
15、change the practices that TV adopted decades ago. It will be free, with advertising breaks no more than three minutes per hour - either before, during or after a show, depending on the market. “Americans,“ says Mr. de Wahl, “are more tolerant of interruptions.“Joost has “channels“, like ordinary TV,
16、 but these are now playlists of videos that start whenever it is convenient to the viewer. Viewers can import their instant-messaging buddy lists and chat online with friends while watching the same program. For advertisers, such engagement is worth something, because the activity proves that somebo
17、dy is watching, rather than being asleep or out of the room. Combined with other information, such as the computers IP address and hence its location, advertisers will be able to target their spots much more accurately all“ Desperate Housewives“ fans in a particular neighborhood, for example - and t
18、hus ought to pay a premium.The thing that is missing in this new vision of television, however, is the set itself. Beaming video from a computer to a television is possible: Apple and other firms are starting to sell the necessary gadgets. But until it becomes much easier to connect televisions to t
19、he Internet, big media companies are likely to “wait and see“ before committing to Joust, says Jeremy Allaire, the boss of Brightcove, a rival Internet video firm based in Massachusetts. In the meantime, Mr. Allaire thinks, media firms are mainly interested in building their own brands, so Brightcov
20、e provides content owners with technology to show television on their own websites, syndicate their shows to other websites, track audiences and collect advertising revenue.The Combination of Television and the InternetThere is, in short, no consensus about the best way to combine television with th
21、e Internet. Instead, there are a variety of experiments, of which Joost is the latest example and YouTube the bestknown. But with telephony, the Internet is unpicking service delivery from network ownership. Joost, YouTube, iTunes and Netflix do not need their own networks to supply their video serv
22、ices: they can rely on fast Internet links provided by others.According to iSuppli, a market-research firm, Internet downloads will claim more than one-third of the market for on-demand video by 2010. So just as Internet telephony has been bad for traditional phone companies, this “Internet bypass“
23、could be bad for the “on demand“ video services being offered by cable-TV and telecoms firms over their networks. But by bringing television to more screens, this could provide new models for program-makers to finance their productions and offer advertisers new ways to reach consumers. And so Joost
24、and rival services could end up rejuvenating(使变得年轻) the 75-year-old medium.（分数：70.00）(1).Inventions of Nildas Zennstrom and Janus Friis possibly exerted an adverse influence on _.（分数：7.00）A.the telecoms industryB.the music and telecoms industryC.the telecoms and television industryD.the music, telec
25、oms and television industry(2).According to Fredrik de Wahl, what is the difference between Joost and KaZaA in Britain, it has been below 3% in each of the past two years. The Asians thrift made the Anglo-Saxons extravagance possible. Through their Increasingly sophisticated financial systems, the A
26、mericans and British were able to borrow from the thrifty Asians to finance their spending. And, because their house prices were rising so fast, they had the confidence to do so.In other words, Anglo-Saxons were able to save their cake and eat it. They did not have to sacrifice consumption in order
27、to build up assets for the future, because loose monetary policies encouraged borrowing that pushed up the prices of housing and other assets, which gave them the illusion of having saved enough. But now this debt burden is being unwound, asset prices are collapsing and savings rates are rising beca
28、use consumers are unwilling, or unable, to borrow.Though this is bad news for the American and British economies in the short term, it ought to be good news in the long term. How good, though, depends as much on where people put their savings as on how much they put aside.（分数：90.00）(1).The economy o
29、f America, since December last year, has been undergoing a state of _.（分数：18.00）填空项 1:_(2).Quite contrary to the consuming habits of Americans and British, people in Asia have been _.（分数：18.00）填空项 1:_(3).What enables Americans and British to borrow from Asians to support themselves in finance?（分数：18
30、.00）填空项 1:_(4).According to the passage, the rising prices of housing and other assets were caused by _.（分数：18.00）填空项 1:_(5).What caused the declining of asset prices and rising of saving rates?（分数：18.00）填空项 1:_九、Section B(总题数：0，分数：0.00)十、Passage One(总题数：1，分数：44.50)One April Saturday in 1965, an eco
31、nomist at the American Stock Exchange was taken by a friend to an orchestral rehearsal(管弦乐队排演). He watched impassively as Leopold stop-startedly conducted Gustav Mahlers Symphony No. 2 all afternoon. The economist thought little of it until later that night, when, sleeplessly, he tossed and turned,
32、haunted by the music he had heard. Next morning he bought a ticket and at the concert “just found myself sobbing, absolutely excited“.The young man was about to launch a publishing business and, with it, to define an occupation. With $100,000 borrowed from Gerald Bronfman, a whisky giant, and $50,00
33、0 from banks, friends and his own savings, Gilbert Kaplan, 24 years old, founded Institutional Investor, a monthly magazine that brought together bankers, analysts and money managers. It quickly became an essential means of communication for financiers, attracting 150,000 subscribers in 140 countrie
34、s. Before the 1960s were over Mr. Kaplan was a millionaire and on first-name terms with finance ministers and international banker.But Mahlers symphony would not let him rest. Over the next few years he attended every performance within reach, met his future wife in the adjacent seat at Londons Roya
35、l Festival Hall and, as the obsession intensified, took 18 months off work to study the score and discuss it with such leading interpreters. In September 1982, after an International Monetary Fund summit, he put his reputation on the line by conducting the American Symphony Orchestra in a private pe
36、rformance for financiers and politicians at the Lincoln Centre.Mahlers second symphony, known as the “Resurrection (复苏)“ for its exciting choral climax and theological theme, is one of the trickiest works in the performing field, a 90-minute epic involving a huge orchestra, chorus, two soloists and
37、an invisible offstage group that seldom come in on cue.Discussing the purpose of life on earth, its clumsiness regularly defeats the best efforts of famous masters. For a rank amateur to accomplish a performance without breaking down was equal to a musical revolution. Privately Mr. Kaplan now admits
38、 that if the musicians had failed to respond to his beat or the music fell apart (as it sometimes does in the best of hands), his fallback plan was to turn around to the audience and announce:“ Ladies and gentlemen, dinner is served. /（分数：44.50）(1).What was Gilbert Kaplans attitude when he first wat
39、ched the Gustav Mahlers Symphony?（分数：8.90）A.He thought it was impressive.B.He showed no sign of feeling.C.He was full of enthusiasm.D.He felt deeply in love of it.(2).What can we learn about Gilbert Kaplan and his business?（分数：8.90）A.He borrowed money from Gerald Bronfman, a friend in bank.B.He foun
40、ded Institutional Investor, a weekly-published magazine.C.He became a millionaire after 1960s.D.He was quite successful in publishing business.(3).Gilbert Kaplan left his work for 18 months to _.（分数：8.90）A.attend performances at Londons Royal Festival HallB.study the points in the stock market and t
41、alk with expertsC.see his future wifeD.learn music book and talk with people good at it(4).What does the author tell us about Mahlers second symphony in this passage?（分数：8.90）A.It was known as “Resurrection“, barely with choral climax.B.Its theme was theology with an epic lasting for 90 minutes.C.Al
42、l performers involved could be witnessed by the audience present.D.The efforts of famous masters were not wasted.(5).The real meaning of “Ladies and gentlemen, dinner is served“ in the last paragraph is that _.（分数：8.90）A.without cooperation, he would stop his conductB.after the symphony it will be t
43、ime for dinnerC.he wanted to attract audiences attentionD.he intended to please the audience by offering dinner十一、Passage Two(总题数：1，分数：44.50)“It is impossible that old prejudices and hostilities should longer exist, while such an instrument has been created for the exchange of thought between all th
44、e nations of the earth, “acclaimed Victorian enthusiasts the arrival in 1858 of the first transatlantic telegraph cable. People say that sort of things about new technologies, even today. Biotechnology is said to be the cure for world hunger. The sequencing of the human genome(基因组) will supposedly u
45、proot cancer and other diseases. The wildest optimism, though, has greeted the Internet. A whole industry of Internet has attracted audiences with claims that the Internet will prevent wars, reduce pollution, and combat various forms of inequality. However, although the Internet is still young enoug
46、h to inspire idealism, it has also been around long enough to test whether the prophets(先知) can be right.Grandest of all the claims are those made by some of the experts at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology about the Internets potential as a force for peace. Nicholas Negroponte, has declared
47、 that, thanks to the Internet, the children of the future “are not going to know what nationalism is“. His colleague, Michael Dertouzos, has written that digital communications will bring“ computer-aided peace“ which“ may help avoid future fight of ethnic hatred and national breakups“. The idea is t
48、hat improved communications will reduce misunderstandings and transfer conflict.This is not new, any more than were the claims for the peace-making possibilities of other new technologies. In the early years of the 20th century, airplanes were expected to end wars, by promoting international communi
49、cation and (less credibly) by making armies out-of-date, since they would be weak to attack from the air. After the First World War had dispelled such notions, it was the turn of radio. “Nation shall speak peace unto nation,“ ran the fine motto of Britains BBC World Service.Sadly, Radio of Rwanda disproved the idea that radio was an intrinsically (固有的) peace forc
