1、BFT 考试(全国出国培训备选人员外语水平考试)-11 (1)及答案解析(总分：104.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Part 1(总题数：1，分数：24.00)Coca-Cola ClassicIn May 1985, Coca-Cola chairman Robert Goizueta announced one of the boldest gambles in marketing history: Coca-Cola would make a significant flavor change in Coke, the worlds b
2、est-selling soft drink. (1) The idea, according to one of Cokes leading strategists, “was to take all the positive qualities associated with the current product, its heritage and so on, and transfer that to an improved tasting product.“ (2) Supermarket sales of Coke had slipped behind Pepsi by almos
3、t two percentage points, and Pepsi was consistently winning blind taste tests. The advertising campaign for New Coke emphasized improved flavor.Coca-Cola spent nearly 4 million to taste-test its new product on 200,000 consumers. (3) When the brands were not identified, the taste tests of 40,000 peop
4、le done in 30 communities showed that 55 percent chose the new Coke over the old, and 52 percent chose it over Pepsi. Subjects were not told during any of the tests that the product being tested would take the place of the traditional Coke.During the first month of New Cokes introduction, shipments
5、to Coke bottlers set a record, and more people tried the new product than has ever sampled any new product. (4) Consumers began to demand the old Coke. Sales were dropping rapidly. There was even talk of a class-action suit by a Seattle-based organization, Old Coke Drinkers of America. Coca-Cola hea
6、dquarters received thousands of protest letters such as, “Dear Chief Dodo: what ignoramus decided to change the formula of Coke?“ Coca-Cola bottlers meeting in Dallas signed a petition demanding that the company restore the traditional formula.(5) On July 10, Coca-Cola announced that it would reintr
7、oduce the original formula under the name Coca-Cola Classic. Within hours of the announcement, a national phone survey indicated that 68 percent of the people were aware of that move and 66 percent approved of it. The Coca-Cola Classic package was designed only two days before the announcement.(6) A
8、BC News covered the story on its “World News Tonight“ report, again on “Nightline“, and on “20/20“. ABC-TV also interrupted its “General Hospital“ soap opera to tell the public that the old Coke was coming back.(7) Pepsis first advertising campaign in response to its competitors move stated that Pep
9、sis own better taste had forced Coca-Colas move. The second campaign talked about the confusion of Coke products, emphasizing the split between new Coke and old Coke. (8) By September, Coca-Cola decided to change its approach once more by bringing back the kind of traditional soft-drink advertising
10、that it had been trying hard to get away from. The new ads did not address the differences between the new Coke and Coca-Cola Classic but rather, focused on a return to traditional values.A. Coca-Cola introduced “New Coke“ to the market in an attempt to win back market share from Pepsi.B. Cokes 99-y
11、ear-old formula would be modified to make it slightly sweeter and less filling.C. The media had given a lot of coverage to what had been labeled the “new Coke failure“.D. PepsiCo, bottlers of Pepsi-Cola, couldnt resist the temptation to poke fun at Coca-Colas misfortune in its advertising.E. The con
12、fusion and controversy between the two cola market leaders grew.F. On July 5, Coca-Cola announced that it would bring back the old formula.G. Some of the taste tests were blind, and others had brand names associated with them.H. However, the entire picture changed suddenly.（分数：24.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空
13、项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_三、Part 2(总题数：1，分数：30.00)Happy 75th Birthday, Social Security1. On its 75th anniversary Social Security is once again under attack and so are its defenders. Those who would axe benefits are spreading myths designed to make you think there is a looming crisis. W
14、ell, it is just not true. The stark reality is that it will be several decades before the program encounters any financial problems. The programs trust fund will have a 4.3 trillion surplus by 2023, and can pay all its obligations for decades to come. And strengthening Social Security is easymaking
15、the very rich pay their fair share by lifting the cap on contributions by the wealthy would allow the program to pay all its obligations indefinitely.2. Social Security was a centerpiece of FDR(Franklin Delano Roosevelt)s New Deal reforms that helped this country recover from the Great Depression. T
16、hese programs provided Americans a measure of dignity and hope and lasting security against the vicissitudes of the market and life. FDR therefore accomplished what the venerable New Deal historian David Kennedy says is the challenge now facing President Obamaa rescue from the current economic crisi
17、s which will also make us “more resilient to face those future crises that inevitably await us.“3. This anniversary is also a reminder of how major social reforms in this country have come aboutin fits and starts. As former Clinton adviser Paul Begala observed in a Washington Post op-ed, “No self-re
18、specting liberal today would support Franklin Roosevelts original Social Security Act. If that version of Social Security were introduced today, progressives like me would call it cramped, parsimonious, mean-spirited and even racist. Perhaps it was all those things. But it was also a start. And for
19、74 years we have built on that start.“4. Indeed when Social Security was first passed it left out African Americans and migrant workers. It was an imperfect piece of legislation but one that progressives built on to create the program we know todaya program like Medicarethat people feel an emotional
20、 connection to and will fight to protect. A new campaign from MoveOn and Campaign for Americas Future will tap into that energy, enlisting candidates to pledge their support to Social Security this election seasonopposing any cuts in benefits, including raising the retirement age. And these candidat
21、es would be wise to pay attention: A just-released poll shows that 65% of voters reject raising the retirement age to 70. And a separate AARP (American Association of Retired Persons) poll shows the vast majority oppose cutting Social Security to reduce the deficit, and 50% of non-retired adults are
22、 willing to pay more now in payroll taxes to ensure Social Security will be there when they retire.5. Progressives can also mark this anniversary by not only rededicating themselves to defending Social Security, but also going on the offensive to expand and improve our social security system to prov
23、ide economic security for everyone.（分数：30.00）(1).A Difficulty in implementing social reforms in USB Grand celebration plan for Social SecurityC Financial capacity of the present Social SecurityD Progressives contribution to Social SecurityE Impact of Roosevelts New Deal reformsF Social Securitys dev
24、elopment and popularityG Public confidence in new social reformsParagraph 1（分数：3.00）填空项 1:_(2).Paragraph 2（分数：3.00）填空项 1:_(3).Paragraph 3（分数：3.00）填空项 1:_(4).Paragraph 4（分数：3.00）填空项 1:_(5).Paragraph 5（分数：3.00）填空项 1:_(6).A. the candidates of this electionB. the wealthyC. the financial deficitD. a syst
25、em of sustainable securityE. the progressivesF. todays social security systemG. the ups and downs of the marketTo enhance Social Security, everyone should contribute, especially _.（分数：3.00）填空项 1:_(7).Roosevelts New Deal reforms established _.（分数：3.00）填空项 1:_(8).Roosevelts Social Security Act paved t
26、he way for _.（分数：3.00）填空项 1:_(9).The Social Security program would gain the support from _.（分数：3.00）填空项 1:_(10).Those who proposed to cut social benefits argue that they increased _.（分数：3.00）填空项 1:_四、Part 3(总题数：1，分数：28.00)Corzines DownfallThe collapse this week of the broker-dealer MF Global and the
27、 due punishment of its chief executive Jon Corzine, who resigned Friday, have been and will be put to many political and rhetorical purposes. MF Globals bankruptcy has been called, possibly, the first domino in a potential collapse of the European banking system; in this rendering, its a rough analo
28、g to the failure, in the spring of 2008, of Bear Srearns, which warned the chaos of autumn. It might well be cast as a stimulus for more government regulation, or smarter regulation; to some, it might even be a case study in overregulation. Every rationale for regulation seems to contain, as yang to
29、 its yin, an argument that regulation is actually to blame.Corzines downfall is an update on Icarus, all illustration of arrogance. It reminds us that leverage kills, that it is dangerous to pick up nickels in front of a steamroller, that risk is risky, that pigs get fat while hogs get slaughtered.
30、It complicates the Democrats hopes of controlling anti-Wall Street fervor in the Presidential election, because Corzine has been one of Barack Obamas most generous supporters-a possible future Treasury Secretary. The Republicans will not soon let this one go.It certainly further stains the reputatio
31、n of Goldman Sachs. Corzine, a former C.E.O. of Goldman, took over a company partially owned by the firm of another ex-Goldmanite, Christopher Flowers, and managed, in a year and a half, to destroy it, in part while resisting oversight from a government regulator. That regulator comes from the Commo
32、dity Futures Trading Commission, whose chairman, Gary Gensle, is also a Goldman alumnus.It further damages the perception, or myth, that a becoming-a-partner at Goldman Sachs indicates brilliance, or insures success or a lifetime inclusion in the vampire-squid-piracy, although you can find whisperin
33、gs of a conspiracy theory that Goldman planted Corzine at MF Global in order to destroy ita notion that is almost as deceiving as it is ridiculous.Corzanes collapse is also an occasion for taking-pleasure-in-others-suffering. It is an occasion for those among Occupy Wall Streets 99 per cent, whod be
34、 ready to pitchfork him to pieces. It is also an occasion for the tiny cowering minority, who may resent Goldman for its perceived arrogance or cunning, or who may question the conceited folly and civic harm of Corzines spending over a hundred million of his own money to get elected to public office
35、. The sentiment, among his peers, was that Corzine wasnt so great a trader to begin with. And the sentiment was also that in the years since he had left Goldman, his skills, such as they were, had got rusty or outdated.It is ironic that Corzine blundered by, and is being criticized for, among other
36、things, betting too unbalancedly on Europe. That is, MF Global was banking on the hope that Portugal, Ireland, Italy, and Greece (whose bonds are collectively known as PIIGS) would not default on their debts by the end of the year. It might have turned out to be a good bet, were it not for the fact
37、that it was made sneakily with money that was borrowed and perhaps even effectively stolen-or for the fact that he basically bet the firm, and the farm. Goldman Sachs, meanwhile, has been criticized, since the housing meltdown of 2008, for having profited from bets against the housing marketfor shor
38、ting crappy derivatives based on mortgages. That was a good bet, except that Goldman made it while dumping those crappy derivatives on its unwitting clients.（分数：28.00）(1).The primary purpose of the passage is to _.A. analyze the aftermath of Corzines downfallB. challenge the control of Corzines over
39、sightC. criticize the fault of Corzines professional jobD. expose the injustice of Corzines global policy（分数：4.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The MF Globals bankruptcy _.A. initiates the abrupt reforms of the government regulationB. arouses the self-inspection of the government regulationC. triggers the chain-react
40、ion of the European banking systemD. starts the overall collapse of the European banking system（分数：4.00）A.B.C.D.(3).The underlined expression in the 2nd paragraph indicates that Corzine is too _.A. cynical B. greedyC. arrogant D. ambitious（分数：4.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Corzines downfall is welcomed by the Rep
41、ublicans because he is _.A. a confidential think tanker of the DemocratsB. a key candidate alternative for the DemocratsC. a major financial resource for the DemocratsD. a crucial political supporter of the Democrats（分数：4.00）A.B.C.D.(5).Corzine stained the reputation of Goldman Sachs in that he is n
42、ot _.A. competent as a chief executive B. insistent as a reform promoterC. faithful as a business partner D. qualified as a financial expert（分数：4.00）A.B.C.D.(6).The mocking and sneering on Corzines failure might come from _.A. protestants and rivals B. clients and employersC. experts and officials D
43、. PIIGS and regulators（分数：4.00）A.B.C.D.(7).According to the author, Corzines failure results from _.A. his intensive interest in political reformsB. his wrong prediction on European debtsC. his definite refusal to official regulationsD. his retarded update of professional skills（分数：4.00）A.B.C.D.五、Pa
44、rt 4(总题数：1，分数：22.00)As Oil Declines, So does AmericaMore than 100 years ago, Americas first great economic (26) abroad was spearheaded by its giant oil companies, notably John D. Rockefellers Standard Oil Company. These companies (27) powerful beachheads in Mexico and Venezuela, and later in parts o
45、f Asia, North Africa and, of course, the Middle East. (28) they became ever more dependent on the extraction of oil in distant lands, American foreign policy began to be (29) around acquiring and protecting US oil concessions in major (30) areas.With World War and the Cold War, oil and US national (
46、31) became thoroughly intertwined. After all, the United States had prevailed over the Axis (32) in significant part because it possessed vast reserves of domestic petroleum, while Germany and Japan lacked them, depriving their forces of vital (33) supplies in the final years of the war. As it happe
47、ned, though, the United States was using up its domestic (34) so rapidly that, even before World War was over, Washington (35) its attention to finding new overseas sources of crude oil that could be (36) under American control. As a result, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait and a host of other Middle Eastern pr
48、oducers would become key US oil suppliers (37) American military protection.There can be (38) question that, for a time, American domination of world oil production would prove a potent source of economic and military power. (39) World War , an abundance of cheap US oil spurred the (40) of vast new industries, including civilian air travel, highway construction, a (41) of suburban housing and commerce, mechanized agriculture, and plastics.Abundant oil also underlay the glo
