1、BEC 剑桥商务英语(高级)7 及答案解析(总分：19.96，做题时间：149 分钟)一、SECTION 1 (Question(总题数：1，分数：1.00)A Quality support need be a top priority for any serious Web hosting provider. Customers, especially individuals and small businesses expect timely and informative customer support. Noting that the majority of a resellers
2、 clients come from this constituency, support must be a central tenant of a vendors offerings. Unfortunately, because most hosting resale operations are small, often resellers cannot effectively deal with incoming support requests. The result is usually an unsatisfied client base that does not obtai
3、n timely responses to their support; inquiries. B When customers cannot obtain a desired level of technical support they obviously get furious and look for change. It is thus incumbent upon the reseller to establish effective and efficient means of providing technical support to their clients in ord
4、er to satisfy customer expectations. Resellers can obtain higher levels of technical support if they outsource their own support infrastructure. By outsourcing technical support functions, a reseller can actually reduce customer costs while improving customer satisfaction. C Outsourcing customer sup
5、port services allows a reseller to provide technical support without the headaches or capital expense of developing, staffing and maintaining an internal help desk. At fast growing Web host reseller businesses, over 50 per cent of all incoming inquiries can be support requests. At the smallest of th
6、ese Web host operations, these inquiries can detract from other essential areas of business, such as sales and marketing. By outsourcing technical support, a reseller can increase the amount of time that they dedicate to the revenue-generating components of their business. D Great deal of technical
7、support providers now offer expert support solutions that can actually expand the complexity and breadth of support operations. Any basic provider should offer toll-free telephone support and 24-hour e-mail support inquiries at a minimum. Their inquiry supports are the most commonplace in the Web ho
8、sting industry. An excellent hosting provider however should have the capacity to offer help desk support via fax and by instant messaging. All this support should be “private labeled“ as well, so that assistance provided to your customers is transparent. In other words, your technical support opera
9、tor should pick up the phone as you. E Outsourcing service providers should also be able to provide customized activity reporting and bill the reseller on a per support request basis. Only on a “per-instance“ basis will outsourcing customer support be an affordable proposition to a smaller Web host
10、vendor. For this reason, resellers must ensure that they enter into an arrangement with a customer support outsourcer that is negotiable, short-term and is pro-rated based upon call volume. Outsourced technical support must be specifically tailored to your service offerings. Your customers will not
11、be impressed with your technical support simply because it is responsive. Customers must obtain relevant assistance when they call. This can only be achieved if the technical support outsourcer has an in-depth understanding of your business operations. 0. If the customers cannot get the satisfactory
12、 technical support, they tend to be very angry. (B) （分数：0.96）(1).A reseller can actually reduce much capital expense by outsourcing customer support services.（分数：0.12）A.B.C.D.(2).Satisfying customer expectations is the resellers duty.（分数：0.12）A.B.C.D.(3).Resellers must communicate with their technic
13、al support outsourcers on a regular basis in order to make the business operations known.（分数：0.12）A.B.C.D.E.(4).There is a tendency that resellers cannot effectively meet the needs of the clients and the web hosting providers.（分数：0.12）A.B.C.D.(5).The customers may think the hosting provider is the t
14、echnical support operator.（分数：0.12）A.B.C.D.E.F.G.H.(6).Compared with support requests. Web host operations worried less about sales and marketing.（分数：0.12）A.B.C.D.(7).Outsourcing their own support infrastructure is the resellers best choice.（分数：0.12）A.B.C.D.(8).Now Web hosting providers attaches gre
15、at importance to quality support.（分数：0.12）A.B.C.D.二、SECTION 2 (Question(总题数：1，分数：1.00)Accounting is the process of systematically collecting, analyzing, and reporting financial information. (0) . A private accountant is employed by a specific organization to operate its accounting system and to inte
16、rpret accounting information. A public accountant performs these functions for various individuals, or firms, on a professional-fee basis. (9). The accounting process is based on the accounting equation: Assets=liabilities+owners equity. (10). There are five steps in the accounting process: l)Source
17、 documents are analyzed to determine which accounts they affect. 2) Each transaction is recorded in a journal. 3)Each journal entry is posted in the appropriate general ledger accounts. 4)At the end of each accounting period, a trial balance is prepared to make sure that the accounting equation is i
18、n balance at the end of the period. 5)Financial Statements are prepared from the trial balance. (11). A new accounting cycle is then begun for the next accounting period. The balance sheet, or statement of financial position, is a summary of a firms assets, liabilities, and owners equity accounts at
19、 a particular time. (12) . On the balance sheet, assets are categorized as current (convertible to cash in a year or less), fixed( to be used or held for more than one year) ,or intangible( valuable solely because of the rights or advantages they confer). (13). For a sole proprietorship or partnersh
20、ip, owners equity is reported by the owners name in the last section of the balance sheet. For a corporation, the value of common stock, preferred stock, and retained earnings is reported in the owners equity section. An income statement is a summary of a firms financial operations during a specifie
21、d accounting period. (14). Operating expenses are then deducted to compute net income from operations. Finally, non-operating expenses and income taxes are deducted to obtain the firms net income after taxes. The information contained in these two financial statements becomes more meaningful when it
22、 is compared with corresponding information for previous years, for competitors, and for the industry in which the firm operates. A. On the income statement, the companys gloss profit on sales is computed by subtracting the cost of goods sold from net sales. B. These ratios provide a picture of the
23、firms profitability, its short-term financial position, its activity in the area of accounts receivable and inventory, and its long-term debt financing. C. Similarly, current liabilities are those that are to be repaid in one year or less, and long-term liabilities are debts that will not be repaid
24、for at least one year. D. Double-entry bookkeeping ensures that the balance shown by the equation is maintained. E. This statement must demonstrate that the equation is in balance. F. Accounting information is used primarily by management, but it is also demanded by creditors suppliers, stockholders
25、, and government agencies. G. Once statements are prepared, the books are closed. H. Bookkeeping is essentially record-keeping which is part of the overall accounting process. EXAMPLE：The correct answer for blank (0) is H. （分数：1.02）A.B.C.D.E.F.A.B.C.D.E.F.G.H.A.B.C.D.E.F.G.A.B.C.D.E.A.B.C.D.A.B.C.D.
26、三、SECTION 3 (Question(总题数：1，分数：1.00)The tariff-jumping motive for FDI is well developed in the literature. The trade-of foreign firms typically face in these models is based on the level of the tariff when exporting versus the boardcost associated with setting up a manufacturing plant abroad. Other
27、studies compare the effects of tariffs with the effects of quota and voluntary export restraints (VERs) and have shown how the profit gain for foreign firms due to VERs lowers the propensity to engage in FDI. While the use of tariffs, quota and VERs has been reduced as a result of multilateral trade
28、 negotiations, the use of other trade policy instruments, notably antidumping, has increased. Recent empirical work has confirmed that the FDI response to antidumping actions is certainly not uncommon, in particular in case of antidumping actions targeting Japanese firms, in a recent study, analyses
29、 duty-jumping FDI by firms based in other countries than Japan. The antidumping jumping FDI is very limited in scale in case firms without international experience based in developing countries are targeted. Given the demonstrated importance of FDI responses to antidumping actions, it is surprising
30、that the theoretical literature on the effects of antidumping law have by and large ignored the issue of antidumping jumping. In a symmetric model of two countries considering reciprocal (anti-)dumping and reciprocal FDI, they find that producers in both countries would gain from the abolition of an
31、tidumping law from the WTO statute. This result is driven by the fact that reciprocal antidumping jumping FDI increases competition and reduces profits of domestic firms. All types of international price discrimination with the lower price charged in the EU can classify as dumping, at least for prod
32、ucts for which there are close EU substitutes. We explicitly consider a clause in EU antidumping law that allows the EU administration to settle antidumping actions either by levying duties or by demanding price undertakings from the foreign exporting firms. Our model shows that this decision will d
33、epend on the objective function of the EU administration, which may vary between protecting the interests of EU industry only (maximizing producer surplus) and also taking into account the interests of consumers and user industries (maximizing EU social welfare). The former corresponds to the direct
34、 objective of antidumping law. Pursuing the latter is in line with the public interests embedded in EU antidumping law by which the EU Commission is held to consider repercussions on consumers and user industries. A second aspect of EU antidumping incorporated in the model is that the level of dutie
35、s and price undertakings is typically determined by the degree to which foreign firms undercut EU producers prices on the EU market. This rule is applied to ensure that antidumping measures remove the injury to EU industry. The rule limits the discretionary power of the EU administration in determin
36、ing duty and price undertaking levels. Contrary to the symmetric model of Haland and Wooton, we explicitly take on boardcost asymmetries, viz. a cost advantage of the foreign firm. Such a cost advantage is a most likely reason for price undercutting by foreign exporters resulting in antidumping acti
37、ons. We allow cost advantages to be either firm-specific, in which case they are internationally transferable through FDI, or location specific. We show that the occurrence of duty jumping FDI in the EU requires that the foreign firms cost advantage is at least partly firm specific. In the next sect
38、ion we present the model for the case of products which are sufficiently close substitutes (like products) and firm-specific cost advantages, assuming that the EU administration is able to commit to antidumping actions before the foreign firms investment decision, and allowing two alternative policy
39、 objectives (producer surplus and social welfare). For this purpose we used a three-stage model. In the first stage, the EU administration decides whether to take antidumping measures, and if so, whether to levy a duty or allow a price undertaking. In the second stage the foreign firm decides whethe
40、r to serve the EU market through export or FDI. In the third stage, the foreign firm is engaged in price competition with a local firm on the EU market, which offers close substitute products. Injury arises from a production cost advantage of the foreign firm, which may either be location specific,
41、for example, based on lower foreign wages or firm specific like based on a transferable technological advantage. （分数：1.02）(1).According to the first paragraph, what does the study about tariff-jumping motive show?（分数：0.17）A.The welfare and strategic effects of antidumping laws under alternative mark
42、et structures.B.Industries incentives to petition for antidumping.C.These studies show under which conditions foreign firms prefer to set up local production units over exporting when serving distant markets.D.The potential effect of antidumping measures in strengthening collusive practices.(2).What
43、 does the evidence show in the second paragraph?（分数：0.17）A.The evidence suggests that EU firms show a comparable FDI response if they are targeted by US antidumping actions.B.The evidence shows the possibility of a protection building equilibrium.C.A foreign firm that intends to engage in second per
44、iod FDI increases its first period export in order to increase the level of protection faced by the rival foreign firm.D.The evidence implies that they are concerned with the effects of economic integration involving the abolition of antidumping law.(3).After reading the first three paragraphs, what
45、 do you think the two studies deal with?（分数：0.17）A.The two studies examine antidumping jumping FDI in the context of EU antidumping practices.B.Two studies deal with the relationship between antidumping and FDI.C.They analyze the conditions under which antidumping jumping FDI occurs.D.They explain t
46、he output and welfare effects of antidumping actions.(4).What does the writer imply in the fourth paragraph?（分数：0.17）A.An antidumping duty is akin to a tariff.B.A price undertaking is a commitment by the foreign firm to raise its price.C.The conditions under which undertakings are allowed are not we
47、ll articulated in EU antidumping law.D.An EU antidumping case can only be initiated when imports are dumped on the European market and cause material injury.(5).From the fifth paragraph, in the case of cost advantages, what does FDI imply?（分数：0.17）A.It implies that it is often a feature of exporters
48、 based in developing countries.B.It implies that foreign firms relinquish their cost advantage and produce at the same marginal cost as those of EU producers.C.It implies the differences in FDI responses between firms from developed and developing countries.D.It implies that in EU antidumping practi
49、ce, a substantial number of cases are settled through price-undertakings.(6).What is the main theme of this article?（分数：0.17）A.The article is about the effects of EU antidumping policy when foreign firms can jump antidumping duties in the EU.B.The article shows that duty jumping or duty pre-empting FDI occurs if the EU administration has broader objectives.C.The article is about the expectation of price undertakings reduces the incentives to engage in FDI and may even discourage.D.The article shows that FDI as long as products are not too diff
