1、考研英语知识运用分类精讲文化教育类-(二)及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：2，分数：100.00)The most ancient civilization have been studied by archeologists rather than historians because those civilizations (1) before the advent of writing. How do archeologists infer that a particular people in the (2) pa
2、st had social classes, cities, or centralized government?As we have noted, it (3) that the earliest Neolithic (新石器时代的) societies were egalitarian people did not differ much in wealth, prestige, or power. Some later societies show signs of social (4) . One kind of evidence of inequality in an ancient
3、 society is (5) by burial finds. Archeologists generally (6) that inequality in (7) reflects inequality in life, at least in (8) and perhaps also in wealth and power. (9) , we can be fairly sure that a society had (10) in status if only some people were buried with special objects, such as jewelry o
4、r pots filled with food.And we can be (11) sure that high status was assigned at birth rather than (12) in later life if we find (13) differences in childrens tombs. (14) , some (but not all) child burials from (15) 5,500 to 5,000 B.C. at Tell es-Sawwan in Iraq, and from about 800 B.C. at La Venta i
5、n Mexico, are filled with statues and ornaments (16) that some children had high status from birth. But burials indicating differences in status do not (17) mean a society had significant differences in wealth. It is only (18) archeologists find other (19) differences, as in house size and furnishin
6、gs, that we can be sure the society had different (20) classes of people.（分数：50.00）(1).A. evolved B. appeared C. emerged D. declined（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(2).A. savage B. mysterious C. preliterate D. remote（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(3).A. illustrates B. suggests C. appears D. means（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(4).A. security
7、 B. impartiality C. exploitation D. inequality（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(5).A. provided B. discovered C. found D. developed（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(6).A. surmise B. assume C. conclude D. determine（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(7).A. work B. habitation C. distribution D. death（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(8).A. value B. status C. reputation
8、 D. right（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(9).A. However B. Furthermore C. Also D. Thus（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(10).A. differences B. equalities C. mistakes D. unfairness（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(11).A. definitely B. fairly C. generally D. undoubtedly（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(12).A. sought B. seized C. achieved D. earned（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.
9、(13).A. noticeable B. quite C. sole D. subtle（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(14).A. As a result B. For example C. In addition D. Moreover（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(15).A. as far as B. as long as C. as old as D. as early as（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(16).A. proving B. claiming C. suggesting D. explaining（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(17).A. corr
10、ectly B. possibly C. expectably D. necessarily（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(18).A. when B. that C. as D. which（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(19).A. numerous B. substantial C. presumable D. probable（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(20).A. sociocultural B. sociopolitical C. socioeconomic D. sociological（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.Older people must be g
11、iven more chances to learn if they are to contribute to society rather than be a financial burden, according to a new study on population published recently.The current approach which (1) on younger people and on skills for employment not (2) to meet the challenges of demographic change, it says. On
12、ly 1% of the education budget is (3) spent on the oldest third of the population.The (4) include the fact that most people can expect to spend a third of their lives in (5) , that there are now more people over 59 than under 16 and that 11.3 million people are (6) state pension age.“ (7) needs to co
13、ntinue throughout life. Our historic concentration of policy attention and resources (8) young people cannot meet the new (9) ,“ says the reports author, Professor Stephen McNair.The major (10) of our education budget is spent on people below the age of 25. (11) people are changing their jobs, (12)
14、, partners and lifestyles more often than (13) , they need opportunities to learn at every age. (14) some people are starting new careers in their 50s and later.People need opportunities to make a “midlife review“ to (15) to the later stages of employed life, and to plan for the transition (16) reti
15、rement which may now happen (17) at any point from 50 to over 90, says McNair.And there should be more money (18) to support people in establishing a (19) of identity and finding constructive (20) for the “third age“, the 20 or more years they will spend in healthy retired life.（分数：50.00）(1).A. oper
16、ates B. focuses C. counts D. depends（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(2).A. superior B. regular C. essential D. adequate（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(3).A. currently B. barely C. anxiously D. heavily（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(4).A. regulations B. obstacles C. challenges D. guidelines（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(5).A. enjoyment B. retirement C. st
17、ability D. inability（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(6).A. over B. after C. across D. beside（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(7).A. Identifying B. Learning C. Instructing D. Practicing（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(8).A. at B. by C. in D. on（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(9).A. desires B. realms C. needs D. intentions（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(10).A. measure B. rat
18、io C. area D. portion（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(11).A. When B. Until C. Whether D. Before（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(12).A. neighbors B. moods C. homes D. minds（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(13).A. ago B. ever C. previously D. formerly（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(14).A. For example B. By contrast C. In particular D. On average（分数：2.50）A.B.C.
19、D.(15).A. transform B. yield C. adjust D. suit（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(16).A. within B. from C. beyond D. to（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(17).A. unfairly B. unpredictably C. instantly D. indirectly（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(18).A. reliable B. considerable C. available D. feasible（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(19).A. sense B. conscience C.
20、project D. definition（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(20).A. ranks B. assets C. ideals D. roles（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.考研英语知识运用分类精讲文化教育类-(二)答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：2，分数：100.00)The most ancient civilization have been studied by archeologists rather than historians because those civilizations (1)
21、 before the advent of writing. How do archeologists infer that a particular people in the (2) past had social classes, cities, or centralized government?As we have noted, it (3) that the earliest Neolithic (新石器时代的) societies were egalitarian people did not differ much in wealth, prestige, or power.
22、Some later societies show signs of social (4) . One kind of evidence of inequality in an ancient society is (5) by burial finds. Archeologists generally (6) that inequality in (7) reflects inequality in life, at least in (8) and perhaps also in wealth and power. (9) , we can be fairly sure that a so
23、ciety had (10) in status if only some people were buried with special objects, such as jewelry or pots filled with food.And we can be (11) sure that high status was assigned at birth rather than (12) in later life if we find (13) differences in childrens tombs. (14) , some (but not all) child burial
24、s from (15) 5,500 to 5,000 B.C. at Tell es-Sawwan in Iraq, and from about 800 B.C. at La Venta in Mexico, are filled with statues and ornaments (16) that some children had high status from birth. But burials indicating differences in status do not (17) mean a society had significant differences in w
25、ealth. It is only (18) archeologists find other (19) differences, as in house size and furnishings, that we can be sure the society had different (20) classes of people.（分数：50.00）(1).A. evolved B. appeared C. emerged D. declined（分数：2.50）A. B.C.D.解析：解析 考查动词辨析。注意本题所考查动词的主语是“civilization”，文明的形成发展是一个渐进的
26、过程，因此 A项 evolved“进化，演变”正确。(2).A. savage B. mysterious C. preliterate D. remote（分数：2.50）A.B.C. D.解析：解析 考查形容词辨析。本句是紧接上一句所作的设问。上句末尾的“在文字出现之前”直接提示了本句的前提。因此 C项 preliterate“文字出现以前的”正确。(3).A. illustrates B. suggests C. appears D. means（分数：2.50）A.B.C. D.解析：解析 考查动词辨析。上一句，作者提出了一个问题，而从本句开始，作者将解答这个问题。考生如果将接下来的几
27、句话作为一个整体来阅读，会发现文章接下来是关于考古学家发现新石器时代社会可能也有不平等性的论述，而新石器时代实行平等主义是原有的猜测或者认识。因此本题应选 C项。(4).A. security B. impartiality C. exploitation D. inequality（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D. 解析：解析 考查名词辨析。本句的答案仅仅根据上文不能直接得出。如果考生接下去阅读，会发现下句中介绍了“不平等的一种证据”。可见本句所说的迹象是社会不平等性的迹象。D 项 inequality“不平等”正确。(5).A. provided B. discovered C. foun
28、d D. developed（分数：2.50）A. B.C.D.解析：解析 考查动词辨析。本句意为：古代社会不平等的证据是由发现的埋葬品所_的。provide“提供”符合题意。其他三项均不合题意。(6).A. surmise B. assume C. conclude D. determine（分数：2.50）A.B. C.D.解析：解析 考查动词辨析。从后半句“at least.”可知本句介绍的这种观点不是考古学家的确切结论，所以 B项 assume“假定，推测”为正确答案。(7).A. work B. habitation C. distribution D. death（分数：2.50）
29、A.B.C.D. 解析：解析 考查名词辨析。本题仅根据前文的内容不能马上得出正确答案。如果看后文，就会发现本文的主要内容是围绕着墓葬展开的，所以 D项正确。(8).A. value B. status C. reputation D. right（分数：2.50）A.B. C.D.解析：解析 考查名词辨析。一方面，可以从前后文相关性排除 A项、C 项和 D项。另一方面，考生可以对比四个选项，与“财富”和“权力”并列的只有 B项。(9).A. However B. Furthermore C. Also D. Thus（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D. 解析：解析 考查逻辑关系。本题考查的是考生
30、对本句和上文内容之间逻辑关系的把握。考生如果正确理解了上下文的因果顺承关系，故正确答案为 D项。(10).A. differences B. equalities C. mistakes D. unfairness（分数：2.50）A. B.C.D.解析：解析 考查名词辨析。B 项显然与文意不符。C 项较易排除，下葬品的不同与错误无关。D 项有一定迷惑性，须注意该名词前限定的是“地位上的”，就地位而言，只有高低差异，没有公平或不公平之说，因此 D项也排除。正确答案为 A项。(11).A. definitely B. fairly C. generally D. undoubtedly（分数：2
31、.50）A.B. C.D.解析：解析 考查副词辨析。考古学是根据现有发掘的实物和文字记载，通过科学手段推测判断人类历史发展的学科。因此所有的判断都存在着被新证据或新理论推翻的可能性。即使现阶段有相当充足的证据，也不能不留余地地妄下论断。因此从程度上判断，B 项 fairly“公平地，公正地”正确。(12).A. sought B. seized C. achieved D. earned（分数：2.50）A.B.C. D.解析：解析 考查动词辨析。与本题动词搭配的名词是 status“地位”。从搭配习惯中，可知正确选项为 Cachieved。achieve status 意为“获得地位”。(1
32、3).A. noticeable B. quite C. sole D. subtle（分数：2.50）A. B.C.D.解析：解析 考查形容词辨析。本句中后半句的判断，是根据前半句的内容得出的，即前半句讲述的是考古学中的证据。由此可以推测出，这项作为证据的发现，不可能是模糊的，而应该是明显的，这样才能具备一定的说服力。因此 A项 noticeable“显而易见的，显著的”为正确答案。(14).A. As a result B. For example C. In addition D. Moreover（分数：2.50）A.B. C.D.解析：解析 考查逻辑关系。本句中出现了具体的遗址地点和
33、年代，是从上文的概括论述转入了对考古学具体例子的描述，其逻辑关系是相当明显的。故 B项为正确答案。(15).A. as far as B. as long as C. as old as D. as early as（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D. 解析：解析 考查短语辨析。本句所表达的是索万遗址中的儿童墓葬是早在公元前 5500年到公元前5000年就有的，故 D项 as early as“早在”为正确答案。(16).A. proving B. claiming C. suggesting D. explaining（分数：2.50）A.B.C. D.解析：解析 考查动词辨析。statues
34、 and ornaments“雕像与装饰品”是 high status“高地位”的象征。故前者“表明”后者。C 项为正确答案。(17).A. correctly B. possibly C. expectably D. necessarily（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D. 解析：解析 考查副词辨析。本句句首是表示转折的 but，这提示了本句内容与上文转折的逻辑关系，可以根据上文来推断本句的意思趋向。上文讲到考古学家在墓葬遗址的发现与一些儿童在出生时就拥有较高地位的推论。据此，本句的意思应该是这些墓葬差别并不必然意味着社会在财富分配上有重大差异。因此正确答案为 D项。(18).A. when
35、 B. that C. as D. which（分数：2.50）A. B.C.D.解析：解析 考查语法结构。when 引导时间状语从句，并应用于一个强调句型，本句强调的是特定的时间或条件。强调句型结构为“It is+被强调部分+其他部分”。(19).A. numerous B. substantial C. presumable D. probable（分数：2.50）A.B. C.D.解析：解析 考查形容词辨析。本题考查对“difference”这一名词的修饰，“difference”具体表现的例子是句中的：“比如房屋的大小和室内陈设”，与上文对比，这些内容显然更加具体而实际；而这些区别是得
36、出句尾的结论的证据。因此本题正确选项为 Bsubstantial“实质的”。(20).A. sociocultural B. sociopolitical C. socioeconomic D. sociological（分数：2.50）A.B.C. D.解析：解析 考查形容词辨析。本句意为：考古学家只有找到其他更为实际的，如房子大小和装饰的不同，我们才能肯定人们在社会上有不同的_等级。此处有两处提示点，其一是上一句话结尾的“社会在财富上有很大差异”，其二是本句中的“房子的大小和室内装饰”。由此不难判断出这是社会经济范畴的内容，所以 C项正确。Older people must be give
37、n more chances to learn if they are to contribute to society rather than be a financial burden, according to a new study on population published recently.The current approach which (1) on younger people and on skills for employment not (2) to meet the challenges of demographic change, it says. Only
38、1% of the education budget is (3) spent on the oldest third of the population.The (4) include the fact that most people can expect to spend a third of their lives in (5) , that there are now more people over 59 than under 16 and that 11.3 million people are (6) state pension age.“ (7) needs to conti
39、nue throughout life. Our historic concentration of policy attention and resources (8) young people cannot meet the new (9) ,“ says the reports author, Professor Stephen McNair.The major (10) of our education budget is spent on people below the age of 25. (11) people are changing their jobs, (12) , p
40、artners and lifestyles more often than (13) , they need opportunities to learn at every age. (14) some people are starting new careers in their 50s and later.People need opportunities to make a “midlife review“ to (15) to the later stages of employed life, and to plan for the transition (16) retirem
41、ent which may now happen (17) at any point from 50 to over 90, says McNair.And there should be more money (18) to support people in establishing a (19) of identity and finding constructive (20) for the “third age“, the 20 or more years they will spend in healthy retired life.（分数：50.00）(1).A. operate
42、s B. focuses C. counts D. depends（分数：2.50）A.B. C.D.解析：解析 考查动词短语辨析。operate on 意为“给做手术，产生作用”：focus on 意为“集中于，聚焦在”；count on 意为“依靠；对有信心”；depend on 意为“依靠，依赖”。上文提到，一项新的研究指出，应该为老年人提供更多的学习机会，为社会奉献余热。这里接着指出目前的做法是什么。由语境可判断，现行的做法是与新研究冲突的，即目前的教育体系聚焦于年轻人而非老年人，故本题选Bfocuses。此处的。focus 与第四段 our historic concentratio
43、n of policy中的 concentration构成同义复现。(2).A. superior B. regular C. essential D. adequate（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D. 解析：解析 考查形容词辨析。由空后的 to meet the challenges.可知，本句应该是说，目前只关注年轻人和工作技能的做法是不足以应对人口结构的变化的，选项中的 Dadequate 意为“足够的，满足需求的”，符合句意，故为答案。superior 意为“优越的”，regular 意为“有规律的”，essential 意为“基本的”，都与句意不符。(3).A. currently
44、 B. barely C. anxiously D. heavily（分数：2.50）A. B.C.D.解析：解析 考查副词辨析。此句意为“只有 1%的教育预算花在最老的那三分之一人口身上”，这一句是接着上句讲 the current approach的，结合选项可知，本题选 Acurrently 与上句的 current属于同义复现。barely 意为“贫乏地”，anxiously 意为“优虑地，渴望地”，heavily 意为“沉重地，吃力地”，均不符合题意。(4).A. regulations B. obstacles C. challenges D. guidelines（分数：2.50
45、）A.B.C. D.解析：解析 考查名词辨析。此段只有一句话，包含 3个由 that引导的并列的同位语从句，进一步阐述上一段提到的 the challenges of demographic change，即老年人比年轻人多的情况。regulation 意为“规则，规章”，obstacle 意为“障碍”，challenge 意为“挑战”，guideline 意为“方针”。结合选项可知，此处选 Cchallenges，属于原词复现。(5).A. enjoyment B. retirement C. stability D. inability（分数：2.50）A.B. C.D.解析：解析 考查名
46、词辨析。此句意为“大多数人一生中预计有三分之一的时光是_中度过的”，与其后的“目前 59岁以上的人比 16岁以下的人要多”并列，均表示目前老年人口众多这一事实。四个选项中只有 retirement与老年人相关，故选 Bretirement。enjoyment 意为“享受，乐趣”，stability意为“固定，牢固”，inability 意为“没有能力”，均不符合题意。(6).A. over B. after C. across D. beside（分数：2.50）A. B.C.D.解析：解析 考查短语搭配。由空后的 state pension age(国家规定的领取养老金的年龄)可知本句大意为
47、“有 1130万老年人已经_领取国家养老金的年龄”，由前面的 over 59 than under 16可知答案为 Aover，表示这些老年人已经超龄。其他几项均不符合题意。(7).A. Identifying B. Learning C. Instructing D. Practicing（分数：2.50）A.B. C.D.解析：解析 考查动名词辨析。这段话是文章开头提到的新研究的发起人所言，他重申了自己的观点，即老年人也应该有学习的机会。Learning 与第一段出现的 learn属于原词复现，故选BLearning。Identify 意为“识别，鉴别”，Instruct 意为“教导，指示
48、”，Practice 意为“实践，实习”，均不符合题意。(8).A. at B. by C. in D. on（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D. 解析：解析 考查词语搭配。原句的主语是 Our historic concentration，后面的 of policy attention and resources是其定语。即“以往集中于年轻人的政策关注和资源分配”，选项中能与concentration构成搭配的只有 on，故选 Don。(9).A. desires B. realms C. needs D. intentions（分数：2.50）A.B.C. D.解析：解析 考查名词辨析。此句
49、意为“以前集中于年轻人的政策关注和资源无法满足新的_”，选项中的 needs与 learning needs to continue throughout life中的 needs构成了原词复现，词性不同，词义一样。desire 意为“愿望，希望”，realm 意为“领域”，intention 意为“意图，目的”。原句陈述的是客观需求，并不是主观意愿，所以排除 desire和。intention，realm 不符合题意，故正确答案为 Cneeds。(10).A. measure B. ratio C. area D. portion（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D. 解析：解析 考查名词辨析。该句接着上段陈述目前教育预算主要花在年龄在 25岁以下的人群身上。此空需填一个含有“份额”之意的名词，the major portion 意为“主要份额”，故选Dportion。measure 意为“量度，量”，ratio 意为“比率，比值”，area 意为“区域，领域，面积”，均不符合题意。(11).A. Wh
