1、考研英语 135及答案解析(总分：36.00，做题时间：180 分钟)一、Section Use of (总题数：1，分数：1.00)The appeal of the world of work is first its freedom. The child is compelled to go to school; he is under the 1 of authority. Even what he 2 to school may be decided for him. As he grows up,he sees 3 it is to be free 4 school and to
2、be able to choose his job and change it if he doesnt like it,to have money in his pocket and 5 to come and go as he wishes in the world. The boys and girls, a year or two older than he is, whom he has long observed, revisit school utterly 6 and apparently mature. Suddenly masters and mistresses seem
3、 7 out of date as his parents and the authority of school a 8 thing. At the moment the adult world may appear so much more real than the school world 9 the hunger to enter it cannot be appeased by exercises in school books, or talk of 10 examinations necessary for entry into professions or the more
4、attractive occupations. This may not be the wisest 11 but it is a necessary part of growing up, for everyone must come sooner or later to the 12 of saying“ Really, Ive had enough of being taught; I must do a proper job. “Some youths, maturing rapidly because of outside influences,come to this decisi
5、on 13 than they ought. Yet in a way this is not a bad frame of mind to be in 14 leaving school. At work, the young man makes one of the first great acceptances of life-he accepts the 15 of the material or the process he is working with. The job must be done in accord with some rigid process he canno
6、t 16 . He sees the point of it and in doing so comes to 17 with life. Nothing done in school 18 its will in quite the same way;if it is wet games can be cancelled;if the math master is ill one can 19 with something else. But even the boy delivering papers, like the driver taking out his bus, discove
7、rs that one cannot 20 because there is snow on the ground, or the foreman is irritable, or he himself is in a bad mood that morning.（分数：1.00）(1).The appeal of the world of work is first its freedom. The child is compelled to go to school; he is under the 1 of authority. Even what he 2 to school may
8、be decided for him. As he grows up,he sees 3 it is to be free 4 school and to be able to choose his job and change it if he doesnt like it,to have money in his pocket and 5 to come and go as he wishes in the world. The boys and girls, a year or two older than he is, whom he has long observed, revisi
9、t school utterly 6 and apparently mature. Suddenly masters and mistresses seem 7 out of date as his parents and the authority of school a 8 thing. At the moment the adult world may appear so much more real than the school world 9 the hunger to enter it cannot be appeased by exercises in school books
10、, or talk of 10 examinations necessary for entry into professions or the more attractive occupations. This may not be the wisest 11 but it is a necessary part of growing up, for everyone must come sooner or later to the 12 of saying“ Really, Ive had enough of being taught; I must do a proper job. “S
11、ome youths, maturing rapidly because of outside influences,come to this decision 13 than they ought. Yet in a way this is not a bad frame of mind to be in 14 leaving school. At work, the young man makes one of the first great acceptances of life-he accepts the 15 of the material or the process he is
12、 working with. The job must be done in accord with some rigid process he cannot 16 . He sees the point of it and in doing so comes to 17 with life. Nothing done in school 18 its will in quite the same way;if it is wet games can be cancelled;if the math master is ill one can 19 with something else. B
13、ut even the boy delivering papers, like the driver taking out his bus, discovers that one cannot 20 because there is snow on the ground, or the foreman is irritable, or he himself is in a bad mood that morning.（分数：0.05）A.thumbB.fingerC.palmD.handA.carriesB.bearsC.wearsD.bringsA.freedomB.desireC.impu
14、lseD.curiosityA.transferredB.transformedC.relaxedD.relievedA.muchB.suchC.soD.asA.ambiguousB.ambitiousC.ridiculousD.conspicuousA.thatB.whichC.whenD.whereA.testifyingB.qualifyingC.justifyingD.rectifyingA.latitudesB.altitudesC.magnitudesD.attitudesA.vergeB.phaseC.pointD.senseA.betterB.soonerC.fasterD.l
15、aterA.byB.atC.forD.onA.whyB.whatC.howD.whetherA.disciplineB.restraintC.principleD.regulationA.reviseB.offendC.alterD.shiftA.dealsB.termsC.touchesD.arraysA.plungeB.impactC.imposeD.reinforceA.go overB.get onC.cut inD.come upA.put it offB.get it overC.pull it upD.make it outA.toB.forC.inD.of二、Section W
16、riting(总题数：1，分数：1.00)1. 1 ) describe the drawing, 2 ) interpret its meaning, and 3 ) support your view with examples. You should write about 200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)1 ) describe the drawing, 2 ) interpret its meaning, and 3 ) support your view with examples. You should write a
17、bout 200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)* （分数：1.00）_三、Section Reading(总题数：4，分数：4.00)The world is going through the biggest wave of mergers and acquisitions ever witnessed. The process sweeps from hyperactive America to Europe and reaches the emerging countries with unsurpassed might. Man
18、y in these countries are looking at this process and worrying: “Won t the wave of business concentration turn into an uncontrollable anti-competitive force?“ Theres no question that the big are getting bigger and more powerful. Multinational corporations accounted for less than 20% of international
19、trade in 1982. Today the figure is more than 25% and growing rapidly. International affiliates account for a fast-growing segment of production in economies that open up and welcome foreign investment. In Argentina, for instance, after the reforms of the early 1990s, multinationals went from 43% to
20、almost 70% of the industrial production of the 200 largest firms. This phenomenon has created serious concerns over the role of smaller economic firms, of national businessmen and over the ultimate stability of the world economy. I believe that the most important forces behind the massive M in damag
21、e to structures and materials, in billions. Federal and state pollution control officials report the following highlight of the current situation. States and localities generally still have penalties for air pollution that are little more than a wrist slap (with fines as low as 10). Enforcement is g
22、enerally sketchy and weak. And the remedial procedures are so cumbersome that more and more they are being bypassed by simple lawsuits brought by public officials or citizens. Although Federal law has required auto makers to provide vehicles with fume control equipment, few states have done anything
23、 to assure its effectiveness, after a car has left the factory, by providing for regular inspection of the equipment. Public officials in many places still seem to consider bursts of complaints from citizens preferable to complaints they might get from instituting effective air quality programs. Ind
24、ustries and other polluters, such as municipalities, still exert great influence, opposing or weakening regulatory laws and “packing“ regulatory boards with their own spokesmen. Public resentment over air pollution is growing, as is shown by recurring incidents of picketing (设置纠察员) and increasing nu
25、mber of legal actions. The big Federal program to combat air pollution, under way for several years, is proceeding fairly close to schedule. But Federal auto-fume regulations will not be very productive for nearly a decade until around 100 million unregulated, older-generation cars have been replace
26、d on the highways. The part of the Federal effort that deals with stationary pollution sources, like factories, is still largely in an organizational phase, yielding little immediate reduction in fumes. （分数：1.00）(1).The general situation of air pollution has worsened partly because（分数：0.20）A.many lo
27、cal authorities havent grasped the essence of pollution.B.a lot of people havent started to deal seriously with the problem.C.a number of places havent located the sources of contamination.D.few health organizations have realized its disastrous consequences.(2). The word “hurling“ in Par. 3 may be b
28、est replaced by（分数：0.20）A.generating.B.dumping.C.releasing.D.discharging.(3). Peoples indignation aroused by air pollution is reflected in（分数：0.20）A.repeated demonstrations against steady contamination.B.serial strikes against official neglect of the problem.C.more and more lawsuits against polluter
29、s by the public.D.renewing of old cars for immediate reduction in auto-fumes.(4).An example of the “esthetic“ factor associated with air pollution would be（分数：0.20）A.a thick mist hiding what would be a fine skyline.B.the destruction of a flower garden by polluted water.C.a layer of dirt accumulated
30、on a buildings windows.D.the poor visibility hindering the smooth traffic flow.(5).Public complaints go unattended owing to the（分数：0.20）A.poor representation of common people in Congress.B.politicians yielding to forceful corporate influence.C.preferable establishment of pollution regulatory laws.D.
31、blockade of regulatory boards by polluter spokesmen.Scattered around the globe are more than 100 small regions of isolated volcanic activity known to geologists as hot spots. Unlike most of the worlds volcanoes, they are not always found at the boundaries of the great drifting plates that make up th
32、e earths surface; on the contrary, many of them lie deep in the interior of a plate. Most of the hot spots move only slowly, and in some cases the movement of the plates past them has left trails of dead volcanoes. The hot spots and their volcanic trails are milestones that mark the passage of the p
33、lates. That the plates are moving is now beyond dispute. Africa and South America, for example, are moving away from each other as new material is injected into the seafloor between them. The complementary coastlines and certain geological features that seem to span the ocean are reminders of where
34、the two continents were once joined. The relative motion of the plates carrying these continents has been constructed in detail, but the motion of one plate with respect to another cannot readily be translated into motion with respect to the earths interior. It is not possible to determine whether b
35、oth continents are moving in opposite directions or whether one continent is stationary and the other is drifting away from it. Hot spots, anchored in the deeper layers of the earth, provide the measuring instruments needed to resolve the question. From an analysis of the hot-spot population it appe
36、ars that the African plate is stationary and that it has not moved during the past 30 million years. The significance of hot spots is not confined to their role as a frame of reference. It now appears that they also have an important influence on the geophysical processes that propel the plates acro
37、ss the globe. When a continental plate comes to rest over a hot spot, the material rising from deeper layers creates a broad dome. As the dome grows, it develops deep fissures (cracks) : in at least a few cases the continent may break entirely along some of these fissures, so that the hot spot initi
38、ates the formation of new ocean. Thus just as earlier theories have explained the mobility of the continents, so hot spots may explain their mutability( inconstancy ). （分数：1.00）(1). The author believes that _.（分数：0.25）A.the motion of the plates corresponds to that of the earths interiorB.the geologi
39、cal theory about drifting plates has been proved to be trueC.the hot spots and the plates move slowly in opposite directionsD.the movement of hot spots proves the continents are moving apart(2).That Africa and South America were once joined can be deduced from the fact that _.（分数：0.25）A.the two cont
40、inents are still moving in opposite directionsB.they have been found to share certain geological featuresC.the African plate has been stable for 30 million yearsD.over 100 hot spots are scattered all around the globe(3). The hot-spot theory may prove useful in explaining _.（分数：0.25）A.the structure o
41、f the African platesB.the revival of dead volcanoesC.the mobility of the continentsD.the formation of new oceans(4). The passage is mainly about_.（分数：0.25）A.the features of volcanic activitiesB.the importance of the theory about drifting platesC.the significance of hot spots in geophysical studiesD.
42、the process of the formation of volcanoes四、Part B(总题数：1，分数：20.00)2.You are a college graduate in Law. Write a letter to a law office to apply for a position, which should include: 1) the position of your application, 2) the reason of your interest in the job, 3) your related knowledge, skills and ex
43、perience. You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming“ instead. You do not need to write the address. (10 points) You are a college graduate in Law. Write a letter to a law office to apply for a position, which should include: 1) t
44、he position of your application, 2) the reason of your interest in the job, 3) your related knowledge, skills and experience. You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming“ instead. You do not need to write the address. (10 points) （
45、分数：20.00）_五、Part C(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Human beings in all times and places think about their world and wonder at their place in it. Humans are thoughtful and creative, possessed of insatiable curiosity. (61) Furthermore, humans have the ability to modify the environment in which they live thus subjectin
46、g all other life forms to their own peculiar ideas and fancies. Therefore, it is important to study humans in all their richness and diversity in a calm and systematic manner, with the hope that the knowledge resulting from such studies can lead humans to a more hannonious way of living with themsel
47、ves and with all other life forms on this planet Earth. “Anthropology.“ derives from the Greek words anthropos“ human“ and logos“ the study of. “Bv its very name, anthropology encompasses the study of all humankind. Anthropology is one of the social sciences. (62) Social science is that branch of in
48、tellectual enquiry which seeks to study humans and their endeavors in the same reasoned, orderly, systematic, and dispassioned manner that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena. Social science disciplines include geography, economics, political science, psychology, and sociology.
49、 Each of these social sciences has a subfield or specialization which lies particularly close to anthropology. All the social sciences focus upon the study of humanity. Anthropology is a field-study oriented discipline which makes extensive use of the comparative method in analysis. (63) The emphasis on dat
