1、考研英语-试卷 52及答案解析(总分：142.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：2，分数：80.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_Smoking, which may be a pleasure for some people, is a serious source of discomfort to
2、their fellows. (1)_, medical authorities ex press their (2)_ about the effect of smoking (3)_ the health not only (4)_ those who smoke but also of those who do not. In fact, non smokers who must (5)_ inhale the air polluted by tobacco smoke may (6)_ more than the smokers themselves. As you aye doubt
3、less, (7)_, a considerable number of our students have (8)_ in effort to (9)_ the university to ban smoking in the classroom. I believe they are (10)_ right in their aim. (11)_ I would hope that it is (12)_ to achieve this by (13)_ on the smokers to use good judgment and show concern (14)_ others ra
4、ther than regulation. Smoking is (15)_ by law in theater and in halls used for (16)_ films as well as in laboratories where there (17)_ be a fire hazard. Elsewhere, it is up to your good sense. I am (18)_ asking you to maintain (19)_ in the auditoriums, classrooms and seminar rooms. This will prove
5、that you have the nonsmokers health and well-being in (20)_, which is very important to a large number of our students.（分数：40.00）A.StillB.MoreC.AgainD.FurtherA.concernB.troubleC.interestD.displeasureA.onB.inC.withD.toA.toB.aboutC.withD.ofA.involuntarilyB.differentlyC.directlyD.reluctantA.endureB.suf
6、ferC.undergoD.putA.alertB.awakeC.awareD.informedA.linkedB.connectedC.associatedD.joinedA.makeB.persuadeC.sayD.talkA.entirelyB.totalC.justD.holeA.ThenB.FurtherC.HoweverD.MoreoverA.likelyB.probableC.capableD.possibleA.pleadingB.beggingC.suggestingD.callingA.withB.forC.inD.onA.prohibitedB.stoppedC.supp
7、ressedD.preventedA.playingB.demonstratingC.showingD.exhibitingA.willB.shouldC.mayD.mustA.thenB.thereforeC.subsequentlyD.soA.No smokingB.Non-smokerC.No smokeD.Non-smokeA.headB.heartC.mindD.sense二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：10，分数：58.00)2.Section II Reading Comprehension_3.Part ADirections: Read the foll
8、owing four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D._My objective is to analyse certain forms of knowledge, not in terms of repression or law, but in terms of power. But the word power is apt to lead to misunderstandings about the nature, form, and unity of power. By powe
9、r, I do not mean a group of institutions and mechanisms that ensure the subservience of the citizenry. I do not mean, either, a mode of subjugation that, in contrast to violence, has the form of the rule. Finally, I do not have in mind a general system of domination exerted by one group over another
10、, a system whose effects, through successive derivations, pervade the entire social body. The sovereignty of the state, the form of law or the overall unity of a domination are only the terminal forms power takes. It seems to me that power must be understood as the multiplicity of force relations th
11、at are immanent in the social sphere; as the process that, through ceaseless struggle and confrontation, transforms, strenghtens, or reverses them; as the support that these force relations find in one another, or on the contrary, the disjunction and contradictions that isolate them from one another
12、; and lastly, as the strategies in which they take effect, whose general design or institutional crystallization is embodied in the state apparatus, in the formulation of the law, in the various social hegemonies. Thus, the viewpoint that permits one to understand the exercise of power, even in its
13、more “peripheral“ effects, and that also makes it possible to use its mechanisms as a structural framework for analysing the social order, must not be sought in a unique source of sovereignty from which secondary and descendent for/ns of power emanate but in the moving substrate of force relations t
14、hat, by virtue of their inequality, constantly engender local and unstable states of power. If power seems omnipresent, it is not because it has the privilege of consolidating everything under its invincible unity, but because it is produced from one moment to the next at every point, or rather in e
15、very relation from one point to another. Power is everywhere, not because it embraces everything, but because it comes from everywhere. And if power at times seems to be permanent, repetitious, invert, and self-reproducing, it is simply because the overall effect that emerges from all these mobiliti
16、es is a concatenation that rests on each of them and seeks in torn to arrest their movement. One needs to be nominalistic, no doubt: power is not an institution, and not a structure; neither is it a certain strength we are endowed with; it is the name that one attributes to a complex strategic situa
17、tion in a particular society.（分数：10.00）(1).The author“s primary purpose in defining power is to _.（分数：2.00）A.counteract self-serving and confusing uses of the termB.establish a compromise among those who have defined the term in different waysC.increase comprehension of the term by providing concret
18、e examplesD.avoid possible misinterpretations resulting from the more common uses of the term(2).Which of the following best describes the relationship between law and power?（分数：2.00）A.Law is the protector of power.B.Law is the source of power.C.Law sets buns to power.D.Law is a product of power.(3)
19、.The author would be most likely to agree with statements that _.（分数：2.00）A.power tends to corrupt; absolute power corrupts absolutelyB.it is from the people and their deeds that power springsC.the highest proof of virtue is to possess boundless power without abusing itD.to love knowledge is to love
20、 power(4).The author“s attitude toward the various kinds of compulsion employed by social institutions is best described as _.（分数：2.00）A.concerned and sympatheticB.scientific and detachedC.suspicious and cautiousD.reproachful and disturbed(5).The word “omnipresent“ in Para. 3 probably means _.（分数：2.
21、00）A.eternalB.strategicC.present everywhereD.sovereignBobby and his master, farmer John Gray, were familiar sights in Edinburgh. Every Wednesday after a visit to market and exactly as the time-gun boomed one o“clock, the two would enter Traill“s Dining Room for their midday meal, a frugal lunch for
22、Gray, and a bun for Bobby. Then in 1858, the schedule was interrupted. Farmer Gray died. Three days after the funeral exactly at one o“clock, Traill found him self looking into a pair of beseeching canine eyes. Bobby got his bun and disappeared. This was repeated for several days until Traill“s curi
23、osity got the better of him. He followed the small terrier as he left and raced to his master“s grave. There he remained each day, fair or foul, despite the efforts of dog-loving townspeople to give him a new home. The graveyard caretaker, while sympathetic, was at first not so willing to let him in
24、. But Bobby“s devotion and fidelity were so great that the caretaker provided Bobby with a shelter close to the grave to protect him from bad weather. Then, after nine years, Bobby was arrested as a vagrant because he had no license. The restaurant keeper appeared in court with Bob by mile was relea
25、sed by merciful justice. But just to make sure the law could not touch him. Lord Provost William Chambers paid Bobby“s fee each year and presented him with a brass-plated collar inscribed “Grey friars“ Bobby from The Lord Provost, 1876, License.“ After that, Grey friars“ Bobby was allowed to keep hi
26、s lonely vigil undisturbed. He never varied his mealtime. Each day he left the graveyard as the gun roared one o“clock to pick up his bun and take it back to eat at his master“s side. He must have been really hardy for he lived until 1872, having kept to his solitary post for fourteen long years. He
27、 was buried in Grey friars, of course, in a flower bed near John Gray“s tombstone.（分数：10.00）(1).An appropriate title for the passage could be _.（分数：2.00）A.Traill“s Dining RoomB.Farmer John GrayC.Bobby the FaithfulD.Lord Provost William Chambers(2).The phrase “familiar sights“ in the first sentence i
28、s nearest in meaning to _.（分数：2.00）A.people who are familiar with the surroundingsB.people who enjoy sightseeingC.people who have very good eye-sightsD.people or objects that are often seen around by others(3).The phrase “fair or foul“ in the second paragraph is used to describe _.（分数：2.00）A.the gra
29、veyardB.the weatherC.BobbyD.Traill(4).Which of the following is NOT mentioned or implied about Bobby?（分数：2.00）A.Bobby had refused to live in other people“s home.B.Bobby was devoted and faithful to his master.C.Bobby was once arrested because he did something wrong.D.Bobby was protected by Lord Provo
30、st William Chambers until his death.(5).From the passage, we know that Bobby was _.（分数：2.00）A.John Gray“s servantB.a dogC.a vagrantD.John Gray“s sonA study of art history might be a good way to learn more about a culture than is possible to learn in general history classes. Most typical history cour
31、ses concentrate on politics, economics, and war. But art history focuses on much more than this because art reflects not only the political values of a people, but also religious beliefs, emotions, and psychology. In addition, information about the daily activities of our ancestorsor of people very
32、different from our owncan be provided by art. In short, art expresses the essential qualities of a time and a place, and a study of it clearly offers us a deeper understanding than can be found in most history books. In history books, objective information about the political life of a country is pr
33、esented; that is, facts about politics are given, but opinions are not expressed. Art, on the other hand, is subjective: it reflects emotions and opinions. The great Spanish painter Francisco Goya was perhaps the first truly “political“ artist. In his well-known painting The Third of May, 1808, he c
34、riticized the Spanish government for its misuse of power over people. Over a hundred years later, symbolic images were used in Pablo Picasso“s Guernica to express the horror of war. Meanwhile, on another continent, the powerful paintings of Diego Rivera, Jose Clemente Orozco, and David Alfaro Siquei
35、ros-as well as the works of Alfredo Ramos Martinez-depicted these Mexican artists“ deep anger and sadness about social problems. In the same way, art can reflect a culture“s religious beliefs. For hundreds of years in Europe, religious art was almost the only type of art that existed. Churches and o
36、ther religious buildings were filled with paintings that depicted people and stories from the Bible. Al though most people couldn“t read, they could still understand biblical stories in the pictures on church walls. By contrast, one of the main characteristics of art in the Middle East was (and stil
37、l is) its absence of human and animal images. This reflects the Islamic belief that statues are unholy.（分数：10.00）(1).More can be learned about a culture from a study of art history than general history because art history _.（分数：2.00）A.shows us the religious beliefs and emotions of a people in additi
38、on to political values.B.provides us with information about the daily activities of people in the pastC.gives us an insight into the essential qualities of a time and a placeD.all of the above(2).Art is subjective in that _.（分数：2.00）A.a personal and emotional view of history is presented through itB
39、.it can easily rouse our anger or sadness about social problemsC.it will find a ready echo in our heartsD.both B and C(3).Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?（分数：2.00）A.Unlike Francisco Goya, Pablo Picasso and several Mexican artists expressed their political opinions
40、in their paintings.B.History books often reveal the compliers“ political views.C.Religious art remained in Europe for centuries the only type of art because most people regarded the Bible as the Holy Book.D.In the Middle East even today you can hardly find any human and animal figures on palaces or
41、other buildings.(4).The passage mainly discusses _.（分数：2.00）A.the difference between general history and art historyB.the making of art historyC.what we can learn from artD.the influence of artists on art history(5).It may be concluded from this passage that _.（分数：2.00）A.Islamic artists have had to
42、create architectural decoration with images of flowers or geometric formsB.history teachers are more objective than artistsC.it is more difficult to study art history than general historyD.people and stories from the Bible were painted on churches and other building in order to popularize the BibleT
43、he full influence of mechanization began shortly after 1850, when a variety of machines came rapidly into use. The introduction of these machines frequently created rebellions by workers who were fearful that the machines would rob them of their work. Patrick Bell, in Scoffland, and Cyrus McCormick,
44、 in United States, produced threshing machines. Ingenious improvements were made in plows to compensate for different soil types. Stream power came into use in 1860s on large farms. Hay rakes, hay-loaders, and various special harvesting machines were produced. Milking machines appeared. The internal
45、-combustion engine run by gasoline became the chief power source for the farm. In time, the number of certain farm machines that came into use skyrocketed and changed the nature of fanning. Between 1940 and 1960, for example, 12 million horses and mules gave way to 5 million tractors. Tractors offer
46、 many features that are attractive to farmers. There are, for example, numerous attachments: cultivators that can penetrate the soil to varying depths, rotary hoes that chop needs; spray devices that can spray pesticides in bands 100 feet across, and many others. A piece of equipment has now been in
47、vented or adapted for virtually every laborious hand or animal operation on the farm. In the United States, for example, cotton, tobacco, hay, and grain are planted, treated for pests and diseases, fertilized, cultivated and harvested by machine. Large devices shake fruit and nut from trees; grain a
48、nd blend feed, and dry grain and hay. Equipment is now available to put just the right amount of fertilizer in just the right place, to spray and exact row width, and to count out, space, and plant just the right number of seeds for a row. Mechanization is not used in agriculture in many parts of Latin America, Africa. Agriculture innovation is accepted fastest where agriculture is already profitable and progressive. Some mechanization has reached the level of plantation agriculture i
