1、考研英语-试卷 38 及答案解析(总分：142.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：2，分数：80.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_A great many creatures have what are called warning colours, that is to say, the colou
2、ration warns every creature that the animal in question is dangerous. The skunk(臭鼬) is one of the best (1)_ of this, with his brilliant black and white fur. He walks (2)_ even in broad daylight and shows no (3)_ when he sees you. He heavily (4)_ his feet and puts his (5)_ up in the air, daring you n
3、ot to come (6)_ closer. And if you don“t take (7)_ of the warning he will spray you with his evil-smelling (8)_, and no animal that has been (9)_ by a skunk will let it happen (10)_ In the Reptile House at a zoo you will probably find a case (11)_ of small tree frogs. Now, a great (12)_ of creatures
4、 like to eat frogs, and so some frogs as a (13)_ can ooze out a substance on their skin (14)_ makes them taste horrible. These frogs are generally banded (15)_ bright warning colours, like orange, red, yellow and bright green. This, of course, makes them (16)_ like brightly-coloured sweets, and rath
5、er good to (17)_ but the birds and animals in the forest have learnt (18)_ bitter experience that these frogs are the (19)_ that tastes the worst, and so they leave them (20)_.（分数：40.00）A.creatureB.thingC.exampleD.warningA.aboutB.onC.outD.overA.colourB.dangerC.fearD.signA.stampsB.changesC.beatsD.mov
6、esA.headB.feetC.tailD.noseA.stillB.evenC.muchD.anyA.careB.chanceC.adviceD.noticeA.fluidB.gasC.oilD.colourA.caughtB.sprayedC.warnedD.seenA.moreB.soonC.twiceD.tooA.fullB.ShortC.insteadD.typicalA.manyB.partC.amountD.numberA.wholeB.meansC.wishD.protectionA.itB.andC.whichD.whereA.withB.byC.asD.inA.feelB.
7、allC.lookD.muchA.makeB.eatC.seeD.lookA.atB.withC.inD.ofA.sweetsB.foodC.substancesD.onesA.aheadB.aboutC.aloneD.aside二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：10，分数：58.00)2.Section II Reading Comprehension_3.Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or
8、D._Whether the eyes are “the window of the soul“ is debatable; that they are intensely important in interpersonal communication is a fact during the first two months of a baby“s life, the stimulus that produces a smile is a pair of eyes. The eyes need not be real: a mask with two dots will produce a
9、 smile, significantly, a real human face with eyes covered will not motivate a smile, nor will the sight of only one eye when the face is presented in profile. This attraction to eyes as opposed to the nose or mouth continues as the baby matures. In one study, when American four-year-olds were asked
10、 to draw people, 75 percent of them drew people with mouths, but 99 percent of them drew people with eyes. In Japan, however, where babies are carried on their mother“s back, infants do not acquire as much attachment to eyes as they do in other cultures. As a result, Japanese adults“ make little use
11、 of the face either to encode or decode meaning. In fact, Argyle reveals that the “proper place to focus one“s gaze during a conversation in Japan is on the neck of one“s conversation partner.“ The role of eye contact in a conversational exchange between two Americans is well defined: speakers make
12、contact with the eyes of their listener for about one second, then glance away as they talk; in a few moments they reestablish eye contact with the listener or reassure themselves that their audience is still attentive, then shift their gaze away once more. Listeners, meanwhile, keep their eyes on t
13、he face of the speaker, allowing themselves to glance away only briefly. It is important that they be looking at the speaker at the precise moment when the speaker reestablishes eye contact: if they are not looking, the speaker assumes that they are disinterested and either will pause until eye cont
14、act is resumed or will terminate the conversation. Just how critical this eye maneuvering is to the maintenance of conversational flow becomes evident when two speakers are wearing dark glasses; there may be a sort of traffic jam of words caused by interruption, false starts, and unpredictable pause
15、s.（分数：10.00）(1).The author is convinced that the eyes are_（分数：2.00）A.of extreme importance in expressing feelings and exchanging ideasB.something through which one can see a person“s inner worldC.of considerable significance in making conversations interestingD.something the value of which is largel
16、y a matter of long debate(2).Babies will not be stimulated to smile by a person_（分数：2.00）A.whose front view is fully perceivedB.whose face is covered with a maskC.whose face is seen from the sideD.whose face is free of any covering(3).According to the passage, the Japanese fix their gaze on their co
17、nversation partner“s neck because_（分数：2.00）A.they don“t like to keep their eyes on the face of the speakerB.they need not communicate through eye contactC.they don“t think it polite to have eye contactD.they didn“t have much opportunity to communicate through eye contact in babyhood(4).According to
18、the passage, a conversation between two Americans may break down due to _（分数：2.00）A.temporary glancing away from the listenerB.eye contact of more than one secondC.improperly-imed ceasing of eye contactD.constant adjustment of eye contact(5).To keep a conversation flowing smoothly, it is better for
19、the participants_（分数：2.00）A.not to wear dark spectaclesB.not to make any interruptionsC.not to glance away “from each otherD.not to make unpredictable pausesWASHINGTON, D.C.The threat of ballistic missiles from countries such as Iran and North Korea could materialize with little warning, a Congressi
20、onal panel of defense experts reported today. That conclusion differs from earlier assessments by the U.S. intelligence community and the Clinton Administration, which have concluded that a new threat to U.S. territory is at least a decade off. The panelcalled the Commission to Assess the Ballistic
21、Missile Threat to the United Stateswas set up by the National Defense Authorization Act of 1997 and first met in January 1998. Its nine policymakers; technologists, and senior military officials had “unprecedented access to the most sensitive and highly classified information,“ said panel chairperso
22、n Donald Rumsfield, a former secretary of defense, at a press conference here. The panel found that liberalized export controls, increased international exchanges of students and scientific personnel, and leaks of classified information have resulted in “massive technology transfer“ both from develo
23、ped nations to rogue nations and between those countries themselves. Moreover, potential aggressors could minimize the technical challenge by settling for missiles with limited accuracy or reliability. The report warns that nations with Scud missile technology, such as Iran, could test a long-range
24、missile within about 5 years from deciding to pursue such a program. North Korea also has the technology for producing biological weapons, the panel noted. Test flights of their missiles that would be able to reach parts of Hawaii and Alaska could take place within 6 months of a decision. Because of
25、 the United Nations arms inspections, however, Iraq is lagging behind and would take 10 years from initiating an effort to posing a missile threat to the United States. Speaker of the House Newt Gingrich called the report “the most important warning about our national security since the end of the C
26、old War,“ and urged the establishment of a bipartisan, bicameral committee to work with the Administration to decide: future policy. A White House spokesperson was noncommittal, saying that the report“s recommendations on intelligence analysis would be taken into account, but that the administration
27、 stood by its March intelligence assessment. That report concluded that it is unlikely that countries other than Russia, China, or North Korea could deploy a ballistic missile capable of reaching any part of the United States before 2010.（分数：10.00）(1).The U.S. intelligence community and the Clinton
28、Administration think that_（分数：2.00）A.the U.S. will not be attacked by missile in the near futureB.other countries may attack the U.S. with missile right after they declare warC.the U.S. may haw a sudden missile attackD.the U.S. will never be attacked by missile(2).The word “classified“ in the second
29、 paragraph most probably means_（分数：2.00）A.arranged in classesB.officially secretC.traditionalD.public(3).Which of the following statements is NOT true about the Commission to Assess The Ballistic Missile Threat to the United States?_（分数：2.00）A.It came into being in 1997B.It is made up of policy-make
30、rs, technologists and senior military officialsC.Its members can get the highly classified informationD.Its chairman Donald Rumsfield now is also the secretary of defense(4).From the third paragraph we know that_（分数：2.00）A.Iran has the technology of producing Scud missileB.some countries could send
31、long-range missile right after they decide to do soC.Iraq can not become a missile threat to America nowD.both A and C(5).According to the last paragraph, which of the, following statements is NOT true?_（分数：2.00）A.The speaker of the House Newt Gingrich thinks the U S. should pay attention to the rep
32、ortB.He thinks a committee should be set up to work out solutions for the missile threatC.The White House spokesperson did not offer a clear answer to the report.D.Russia, China and North Korea are unlikely to send a missile reaching the US territory before 2010Who knows better than your customers w
33、here your operations can be improved? Today, progressive firms increasingly rely on advisory councils to suggest improvements, recommend action, and offer feedback on programs and policies. In fact, many companies feel that this form of communication is vital to the continuous improvement of their b
34、usiness operations. A council, among other things, improves communication and spurs improvement of operations. Remember that the secret to success is dialoguethe exchange of ideas and opinions. Focus on problems your customers have. Spell out your goals and objectives. Each meeting should have a spe
35、cific objective to accomplish. Determine the meeting“s frequency. If you want to implement a strategic plan, an annual meeting may be enough. If you want to focus on operational issues, more meetings may be needed. A good council will have no more than 12 people, with half of the members from your c
36、ompany and half your customers. It should also have diversity in its membership. Members should serve from one to three years-rotation of membership will ensure the council doesn“t become stale. Find an approximate meeting site, whether it“s in-house or off site, where there will be no interruptions
37、. You should pay for all the expenses related to the meetingremember, the council members are providing your company with a service. Treat them as your guests and your experts. If you have a fixed beginning and ending time to your meeting, stick to it. When structuring the meeting, remember the 8072
38、0 problem-solving rule. Structure the meeting so that 20 percent of the time is spent identifying or discussing a problem and 80 percent of the time is spent designing a solution. Often it is helpful to have a person act as timekeeper and announce when the agenda time for a particular item has expir
39、ed. However, during the meeting, be flexible. The facilitator can allow. the group to decide whether to move on to the next item or extend the discussion. As you go along, look to narrow the differences among members and form a consensus. As the meeting closes, summarize what was accomplished, check
40、ing for agreement and commitment among the members. Make a detailed list of the follow-up items, who has responsibility for each item, and a timeline for completion. The results from really listening to and learning from your customers in a well-run advisory council can pay huge dividends.（分数：10.00）
41、(1).Why does the writer put the suggestion that, advisory councils should be set up_（分数：2.00）A.Because they can influence business operationsB.because business improvements depend on communication with themC.Because they are heavily relied on by prosperous companiesD.Because goals and objectives are
42、 set out by them(2).What seems to be the most important thing you have to decide on before a meeting starts? _（分数：2.00）A.The length of the agendaB.The frequency of the meetingsC.A specific objective to accomplishD.Operational issues(3).Which of the following is excluded among the suggested requireme
43、nts for the make-up of an ideal council?_（分数：2.00）A.50 to 50 representation from the company and its customers respectivelyB.Changeable membershipC.Members of different typesD.Members should move around for more suggestions(4).Who should pay for the expenses of the meetings and why?_（分数：2.00）A.Counc
44、il members should because they spend all the moneyB.The company should because it will profit from themC.Customers should because they reap the profit in the endD.The organizers should because it is their responsibility(5).What is the main principle to be observed in following the procedures?_（分数：2.
45、00）A.FlexibilityB.StrictnessC.PracticalityD.UnderstandingA report consistently brought back by visitors to the US is how friendly, courteous, and helpful most Americans were to “them. To be fair, this observation is also frequently made of Canada and Canadians, and should best be considered North Am
46、erican. There are, of course, exceptions. Small-minded officials, rude waiters, and ill-mannered taxi drivers are hardly unknown in the US. Yet it is an observation made so frequently that it deserves comment. For a long period of time and n many parts of the country, a traveler was a welcome break
47、in an otherwise dull existence. Dullness and loneliness were common problems of the families who generally lived distant from one another. Strangers and travelers were welcome source of diversion, and brought news of the outside world. The harsh realities of the frontier also shaped this tradition o
48、f hospitality. Someone traveling alone, if hungry, injured, or ill, often had nowhere to turn except to the nearest cabin or settlement It was not a matter of choice for the traveler or merely a charitable impulse on the part of the settlers. It reflected the harshness of daily life, if you didn“t take in the stranger and take care of him, there was no one else who would. And someday, remember, you might be in the same situation. Today there are many charitable orga
