1、考研英语-试卷 138 及答案解析(总分：142.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：2，分数：80.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_There (1)_ not one type of reading but several according to your reasons for reading.
2、 To read efficiently, you have to (2)_ your reading speed and technique (3)_ your aim (4)_ reading. Skimming is a technique necessary for quick and efficient reading. When skimming, you (5)_ the reading (6)_ quickly in order to get the (7)_ of it, to know how it is organized, (8)_ an idea of the ton
3、e or the intention of the writer. Skimming is (9)_ an activity which (10)_ an overall view of the text and (11)_ a definite reading competence. Skimming doesn“t need reading all the material, but it doesn“t mean that it is an (12)_ skill for the lazy, because it need a high degree of alertness and c
4、oncentration. When you read, you usually start with (13)_ understanding and move towards detailed understanding rather than working the other way round. But (14)_ is also used after you have already carefully studied and you need to (15)_ the major ideas and concepts. In order to be able to skim qui
5、ckly and (16)_ through a text, you should know where to to6k for what you want. In preview skimming you read the introductory information, the headings and subheadings, and the summary, if one is provided. (17)_ this skimming, decide whether to read the material more thoroughly, and select the appro
6、priate speed (18)_ to read. The same procedure (19)_ for preview skimming could also be used to get an overview. Another method would be to read only key words. This is done by omitting the unnecessary words, phrases, and sentences. In order to skim efficiently and fulfill your purpose, (20)_ practi
7、ce is necessary.（分数：40.00）A.isB.areC.wasD.wereA.adaptB.adoptC.changeD.adeptA.onB.aboutC.forD.toA.onB.whileC.asD.atA.run throughB.run overC.go onD.go throughA.substanceB.resourceC.sourceD.materialA.fistB.histC.gistD.listA.gettingB.to getC.gotD.have gotA.howeverB.neverthelessC.thereforeD.thusA.require
8、sB.requestsC.requitesD.requisiteA.impliesB.appliesC.hintsD.pointsA.awfulB.unsuitableC.idealD.wrongA.globalB.universalC.unilateralD.partialA.readingB.understandingC.workingD.skimmingA.reverseB.reviewC.reviseD.revertA.efficientlyB.effectivelyC.affectivelyD.effectuallyA.WhenB.AsC.AfterD.BeforeA.whichB.
9、thatC.at whichD.at thatA.usingB.usedC.useD.be usedA.a number ofB.an amount ofC.manyD.a few二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：10，分数：58.00)2.Section II Reading Comprehension_3.Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D._The destruction of our
10、 natural resources and contamination of our food supply continue to occur largely because of the extreme difficulty in affixing legal responsibility on those who continue to treat our environment with reckless abandon. Attempts to prevent pollution by legislation, economic incentives and friendly pe
11、rsuasion have been met by law-suits, personal and industrial denial and long delays not only in accepting responsibility, but more importantly, in doing something about it. It seems that only when, government decides it can afford tax incentives or production sacrifices is there any initiative for c
12、hange. Where is industry“s and our recognition that protecting mankind“s great treasure is the single most important responsibility? If ever there will be time for environmental health professionals to come to the frontlines and provide leadership to solve environmental problems, that time is now. W
13、e are being asked, in fact, the public is demanding that we take positive action. It is our responsibility as professionals in environ mental health to make the difference. Yes, the ecologists, the environmental activists and the conservationists serve to communicate, stimulate thinking and promote
14、behavioral change. However, it is those of us who are paid to make the decisions to develop, improve and enforce environmental standards, I submit, who must lead the charge. We must recognize that environmental health issues do not stop at city limits, county lines, state or even federal boundaries.
15、 We can no longer afford to the tunnel-visioned in our approach. We must visualize issues from every perspective to make the objective decisions. We must express our views clearly to prevent media distortion and public confusion. I believe we have a three-part mission for the present. First, we must
16、 continue to press for improvements m the quality of life that people can make for themselves. Second, we must investigate and understand the link between environment and health. Third, we must be able to communicate technical information in a form that citizens can understand. If we can accomplish
17、these three goals in this decade, maybe we can finally stop environmental degradation, and not merely hold it back. We will then be able to spend pollution dollars truly on prevention rather than on bandages.（分数：10.00）(1).We can infer from the first two paragraphs that the industrialists disregard e
18、nvironmental protection chiefly because _.（分数：2.00）A.they are unaware of the consequences of what“ they are doingB.they are reluctant to sacrifice their own economic interestsC.time has not yet come for them to put due emphasis on itD.it is difficult for them to take effective measures(2).The main t
19、ask now facing ecologists, environmental activists and conservationists is _.（分数：2.00）A.to prevent pollution by legislation, economic incentives and persuasionB.to arouse public awareness of the importance of environmental protectionC.to take radical measures to control environmental pollutionD.to i
20、mprove the quality of life by enforcing environmental standards(3).The word “tunnel-visioned“ most probably means _.（分数：2.00）A.narrow-mindedB.blind to the factC.short-sightedD.able to see only one aspect(4).Which of the following, according to the author, should play the leading role in the solution
21、 of environmental problems?（分数：2.00）A.Legislation and government intervention.B.The industry“s understanding and support.C.The efforts of environmental health professional.D.The cooperation of ecologists, environmental activists and conservationists.(5).Which of the following is true according to th
22、e last paragraph?（分数：2.00）A.Efforts should be exerted on pollution prevention instead of on remedial measure.B.More money should be spent in order to stop pollution.C.Ordinary citizens have no access to technical information on pollution.D.Environmental degradation will be stopped by the end of this
23、 decade.Some people would say that the Englishman“s home is no longer his castle; that it has become his workshop. This is partly because the average Englishman is keen on working with his hands and partly because he feels, for one reason or another, that he must do for himself many household jobs f
24、or which, some years ago, he would have hired professional help. The main reason for this is a financial one: the high cost of labor has meant that builders“ and decorators“ costs have reached a level which makes them so high that house-proud English people of modest means hang back. So, if they wis
25、h to keep their houses looking bright and smart, they have to deal with some of the repairs and decorating themselves. As a result, there has grown up in the post-war years what is sometimes referred to as the “Do-It-Yourself Movement“. The “Do-It-Yourself Movement“ began with home decorating but ha
26、s since spread into a much wider field. Nowadays there seem to be very few things that cannot be made by the “do-it-yourself“ method. A number of magazines and handbooks exist to show hopeful handymen of all ages just how easy it is to build anything from a coffee table to a fifteen-foot(4.5 meters)
27、 sailing boat. All you need, it seems, is a hammer and a few nails. You follow the simple instructions step-by-step and, before you know where you are, the finished article stands before you, complete in every detail. Unfortunately, alas, it is not always quite as simple as it sounds! Many a “do-it-
28、yourselfer“ has found to his cost that one cannot learn a skilled craftsman“s job overnight. How quickly one realizes, when doing it oneself, that a job which takes the skilled man an hour or so to complete takes the amateur five or six at least. And then there is the question of tools. The first th
29、ing the amateur learns is that he must have the right tools for the job. Bui tools cost money. There is also the wear and tear on the nerves. It is not surprising then that many people have come to the conclusion that the expense of paying professionals to do the work is, in the long run, more econo
30、mical than “doing it oneself“.（分数：10.00）(1).It can be seen from the passage that the Englishman“s. home has become his workshop NOT because _.（分数：2.00）A.the cost of hiring professionals is highB.the Englishman is enthusiastic for working with his handsC.there are advertisements in “do-it-yourself“ m
31、agazinesD.the Englishman feels that he must do some household jobs(2).In paragraph one, the phrase “hang back“ stands for “_“.（分数：2.00）A.cling toB.suspendC.frustrateD.hesitate(3).As an amateur, you“ll have to _ first.（分数：2.00）A.follow the instructions in magazinesB.get the right toolsC.prepare fully
32、 psychologicallyD.ask a skilled craftsman“s advice(4).The Do-It-Yourself Movement may not have a bright future; all of the following reasons are true except _.（分数：2.00）A.the high cost of laborB.the expense of toolsC.too much time spent on itD.the wear and tear on the nerves(5).The passage is mainly
33、about _.（分数：2.00）A.how to be a do-it-yourselferB.the Do-It-Yourself MovementC.the future of the Do-It-Yourself MovementD.the origin of the Do-It-Yourself MovementAfter watching my mother deal with our family of five, I can“t understand why her answer to the question, “What do you do?“ is always, “Oh
34、, I“m just a housewife.“ JUST a housewife? Anyone who spends most of her time in meal preparation and clean-up, washing and drying clothes, keeping the house clean, leading a scout troop, playing taxi driver to us kids when it“s time for school, music lessons or the dentist, doing volunteer work for
35、 her favorite charity, and making sure that all our family needs are met is not JUST a housewife, She“s the real Wonder Woman. Why is it that so many mothers like mine think of themselves as second-class or something similar? Where has this notion come from? Have we males made them feel this way? Ha
36、s our society made “going to work“ outside the home seem more important than what a house wife must face each day? I would be very curious to see what would happen if a housewife went on strike. Dishes would pile up. Food in the house would run out. No meals would appear on the table. There would be
37、 no clean clothes when needed. High boots would be required just to make it through the house scattered with garbage. Walking and bus riding would increase. Those scout troops would have to break up. Charities would suffer. I doubt if the man of the house would be able to take over. Oh, he might sta
38、rt out with the attitude that he can do just as good a job, but how long would that last? Not long, once he had to come home each night after work to more household duties. There would be no more coming home to a prepared meal; he“d have to fix it himself. The kids would all be screaming for somethi
39、ng to eat, clean clothes and more bus fare money. Once he quieted the kids, he“d have to clean the house, go shopping, make sure that kids got a bath, and fix lunches for the next day. Once the kids were down for the night, he might be able to crawl into an unmade bed and, try to read the morning ne
40、wspaper. No, I don“t think many males are going to volunteer for the job. I know I don“t want it. So, thanks, mom! I“ll do what I can to create a national holiday for housewives. It could be appropriately called Wonder Woman Day.（分数：10.00）(1).By what means do the children of the author“s family go t
41、o school?（分数：2.00）A.They take school bus.B.They take a taxi.C.Their mother drives for them.D.Scout troop sends them to school.(2).If a housewife went on strike, which one of the following statements is NOT true?（分数：2.00）A.Children would scream for something-to eat.B.No meals would appear on the tabl
42、e.C.The scout troops would have a wonderful time.D.The man of the house wouldn“t be able to take over.(3).In the author“s opinion, _.（分数：2.00）A.many males are going to volunteer for housewives“ workB.housewives deserve a national holiday named Wonder Woman DayC.the man of the house would be able to
43、take over the housewives“ workD.housewives are second-class citizens or something similar(4).The author“s attitude toward housewives“ work is _.（分数：2.00）A.criticalB.indifferentC.ironicalD.appreciative(5).The main idea of the passage is about _.（分数：2.00）A.housewives, the wonder womenB.what would happ
44、en if housewives went on strikeC.the replacement of women by men as housewivesD.the setting up of a national holiday for housewivesLast summer, some twenty-eight thousand homeless people were afforded shelter by the city of New York. Of this number, twelve thou sand were children and six thousand we
45、re parents living together in families. The average child was six years old, the average parent twenty seven. A typical homeless family included a mother with two or three children, but in about one-fifth of these families two parents were present. Roughly ten thousand single persons, then, made up
46、the remainder of the population of the city“s shelter. These proportions vary somewhat from one area of the nation to another. In all areas, however, families are the fastest-growing sector of the homeless population, and in the Northeast they are by far the largest sector already. In Massachusetts,
47、 three-fourths of the homeless now are families with children; in certain parts of MassachusettsAttleboro and Northampton, for examplethe proportion reaches 90 percent. Two thirds of the homeless children studied recently in Boston were less than five years old. Of the estimated two to three million
48、 homeless people nationwide, about 500,000 are dependent children, according to Robert Hayes, counsel to the National Coalition for the homeless. Including their parents, at least 750,000 homeless people in America are family members. What is to be made, then, of the supposition that the homeless are primarily the former residents of mental hospitals, persons who were carelessly released during the 1970s? Many of them are, to be sure. Among the older men and women in the streets and shelters
