1、考研英语-973 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Current gym dogma holds that to build muscle size you need to lift heavy weights. (1) , a new study (2) at McMaster University has shown that a similar degree of muscle building can be achieved by using lighter weights. The secr
2、et is to pump air (3) you reach muscle fatigue.The (4) are published in PLoS ONE.“ (5) grunting and straining to lift heavy weights, you can (6) something much lighter but you have to lift it until you cant lift it (7) ,“ says Stuart Phillips, associate professor of kinesiology at McMaster Universit
3、y. “Were convinced that (8) muscle means (9) your muscle to make new muscle proteins, a process in the body that over time (10) into bigger muscles. “Phillips praised lead author and senior Ph.D. student Nicholas Burd for masterminding the project that showed its really not the weight that you lift
4、but the fact that you get muscular fatigue thats the (11) point in building muscle. The study used light weights that (12) a percentage of what the (13) could lift. The heavier weights were set (14) 90% of a persons best lift and the light weights at a mere 30%o of what people could lift. “Its a ver
5、y light weight,“ says Phillips noting that the 80% 90% (15) is usually something people can lift from 510 times before fatigue sets in. At 30%, Burd reported that subjects could lift that weight at least 24 times (16) they felt fatigue.“Were (17) to see where this new paradigm will lead,“ says Phill
6、ips, adding that these new data have (18) significance for gym enthusiasts but more importantly for people with compromised skeletal muscle mass, (19) the elderly, patients with cancer, or those who are (20) from trauma, surgery or even stroke.（分数：10.00）(1).A. Moreover B. However C. Therefore D. Ind
7、eed（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(2).A. maintained B. observed C. conducted D. carried（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(3).A. until B. unless C. if D. but（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(4).A. results B. achievements C. findings D. theories（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(5).A. Rather than B. In addition C. Instead D. Not only（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(6).A. seize B
8、. catch C. drop D. grab（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(7).A. anything B. anymore C. anyone D. moreover（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(8).A. growing B. getting C. increasing D. strengthening（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(9).A. activating B. impelling C. stimulating D. creating（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(10).A. accumulates B. amasses C. collects D. ga
9、thers（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(11).A. certain B. critical C. whole D. plus（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(12).A. showed B. predicted C. explained D. represented（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(13).A. individuals B. subjects C. objects D. examiners（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(14).A. to B. for C. in D. by（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(15).A. limit B. range C. e
10、xtension D. scope（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(16).A. after B. before C. while D. as（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(17).A. excited B. doubtful C. disappointed D. grieved（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(18).A. symbolic B. available C. instrumental D. practical（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(19).A. by chance B. in contrast C. such as D. as usual（分数：0.50）A
11、.B.C.D.(20).A. renewing B. recovering C. healing D. curing（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)It might seem odd to think of pre-kindergarten toddlers as students in need of teachers, but the latest research suggests that some form of ins
12、truction may help children to better prepare for school.Nina Chien, a post doctoral researcher in pediatrics at the University of California San Diego found that children who were left to engage in free play in pre-kindergarten centers showed the least improvement in reading and math skills after on
13、e year compared with the children who benefited from some form of teacher instruction. The free play groups were provided with educational toys designed to stimulate their creative and cognitive processes, but they still learned up to two fewer alphabet letters and three fewer numbers than those who
14、 worked with teachers. Overall, when the children reached kindergarten, their teachers rated them up to 96% lower on language and literacy skills compared to their classmates.Chien based her study on 701 state-funded pre-kindergarten programs in 11 states, was surprised by the findings since more th
15、an 50% of children were enrolled in free-play based centers, an indication of their popularity. “Its very popular to give kids rich educational materials, let them chose which ones they want to play with, and let them play, “she says. “It was surprising that this very popular model turned out not to
16、 be that beneficial. “The children who showed the most gains over the year in terms of learning the alphabet and numbers, as well as achieving basic reading and math skills, were those who had more individual interaction with teachers. Some teacher-based programs emphasized group instruction, while
17、others involved more one-on-one guidance, in which teachers would encourage students to think more broadly or creatively. If a child drew a sun, for example, an instructor might ask how he could depict the brightness of sun, and guide the child to coming up with a way to draw the suns rays. Such enc
18、ouragement, known as scaffolding, resulted in the most academic gains among the children.Based on her findings, Chien believes that there is still a role for free play, as the children in these programs exhibited greater creativity over the year. She also notes that the study involved public program
19、s in which many of the students came from lower income households. Previous studies have shown that such children benefit more from individualized ins/ruction since they may not be receiving much guidance or support at home. But overall, she says, greater teacher interaction, combined with free play
20、, might enhance childrens learning ability and better prepare them for school. Given the dwindling resources in public education, however, that may be harder and harder to achieve.（分数：10.00）(1).It is indicated in Paragraphs 1 and 2 that _.A. free play in pre-kindergarten centers is essential to kids
21、 growthB. the introduction of teachers instruction seemed inconvincibleC. free-play based centers are the main training form in pre-kindergartensD. teachers assistance could enhance kids study abilities（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).What Chiens study have suggested recently shows that _.A. free-play was prove
22、d not as effective as we imagined previouslyB. free-play was very popular in childrens early educationC. the role of educational materials in kids growth was beneficialD. the teachers should instruct children how to choose and play with educational materials（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).The example of drawin
23、g a sun by a child is used to show _.A. the importance of childrens creativityB. the significance of teachers instructionC. the potential of pre-kindergarten kidsD. the interactions between teachers and children（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).In the authors opinion, free play is _.A. useless B. positiveC. harm
24、ful D. outdated（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).The word “dwindling“ (Line 6, Paragraph 5) most probably means “_“.A. upgrading B. decreasingC. worsening D. confusing（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.五、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：10.00)We used to think that the left brain controlled your thinking and that the right brain controlled your he
25、art. But neuroscientists have learned that its a lot more complicated.In 2007, an influential paper in the journal Behavioral and Brain Functions found that while most of us process emotions through the right hemisphere of the brain, about 35 % of peopleespecially victims of traumaprocess their hurt
26、 and anger through their left brain, where logic and language sit. That may be because they had worked so hard to explain, logically, why they were suffering. But pushing emotions through the left brain taxed it: these people performed significantly worse on memory tests.Now a new paperout in the Se
27、ptember issue of The Journal of Nervous and Mental Diseasefurther complicates the picture with a surprising finding: whether you are right-handed, left-handed or ambidextrous (which the authors call, rather delightfully, “ inconsistently handed“) seems to be an important clue in understanding how yo
28、u use your brain to process emotions.Its been known for some time that lefties and the ambidextrous are more prone to negative emotions. The new study shows that they also have a greater imbalance in activity between the left and right brains when they process emotions. Of course, you cant be sure w
29、hich comes first: maybe angry people are more out of balance, or maybe the inability to find equilibrium makes you angry. As for the left-handed: maybe theyre more angry because the world is designed for the right-handed majority.The study also used an interesting method to find that angry people ar
30、e, literally, hot-headed: the authors of the paperled by Ruth Propper, a psychology professor at Merrimack College in Massachusetts- measured brain-hemisphere activation with a relatively old method called tympanic membrane temperature, which is essentially how hot it is in your inner ear. If you ge
31、t angry a lot, your head tends to be warmer.One problem is that the study was small just 55 undergraduates participated (they were paid $20 each for having to endure ear-temperature tests and psychological questioning). Also, The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, while peer-reviewed, is one of
32、less-respected psychology journals. Still, I like the study just because it explains that when you get hot under the collar, you are actually hot under the collar.（分数：10.00）(1).People who process their hurt and anger through their left brain are sensitive to pain because _.A. left brain are particul
33、arly susceptibleB. logic and linguistic functions are located in left hemisphereC. they always take a lot of time and energy to solve itD. their right brain is damaged in some degree（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).In order to understand how we use our brain to process emotions, we can get clue from _.A. leftie
34、s B. rightiesC. ambidextrous D. all the above（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).According to the text, which one the author holds is true?A. Angry people are more out of balance.B. Righties are less prone to negative emotions.C. The inability to find equilibrium makes people angry.D. When people get angry, their
35、heads tend to be bigger.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).The word “equilibrium“ (Paragraph 4) most probably means “_“.A. advantage B. balance C. faith D. reason（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).What does the author think of the study?A. It should not be moved on. B. It has a very large scale.C. It has presented some finding
36、s. D. The results are dissatisfactory.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.六、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Aristotle believed that the heavens were perfect. If they ever were, they are no longer. The skies above Earth are now littered with the debris of dead satellites, bits of old rockets and the odd tools dropped by a spacew
37、alking astronaut. Such is the extent of the detritus that the first accidental collision between two satellites has already taken place. It happened in February 2009, when a defunct Russian Cosmos smashed into a functioning American Iridium, destroying both and creating even more space junk. To stop
38、 this sort of thing happening again, Vaios Lappas of the University of Surrey, in England, has designed a system that will remove satellites from orbit at the end of their useful livesand as a bonus will scour part of the sky clean as it does so.Dr. Lappass satellite-removal system employs a solar s
39、ail. As light from the sun hits the sail, it imparts a minuscule but continuous acceleration. When a satellite is first launched, the sail is angled in a way that causes this acceleration to keep the satellite in orbit. (Orbits gradually decay as a result of collisions with the small number of air m
40、olecules found even at altitudes normally classified as “outer space“. )Solar sails have yet to be used widely to propel spacecraft in this wayseveral earlier versions came unstuck when the sails failed to unfurl properlybut doing so is not a novel idea in principle. The novelty Dr. Lappas envisages
41、 is to change the angle of the sail when the satellite has become defunct. Instead of keeping the derelict craft in orbit, it will, over the course of a couple of years, drag it into the atmosphere and thus to a fiery end. Not only that, but the sail will also act like a handkerchief, mopping up mic
42、roscopic orbital detritus such as flecks of paint from previous launches: A fleck of paint may not sound dangerous, but if travelling at 27,000kph (17,0OOmph), as it would be in orbit, it could easily penetrate an astronauts spacesuit.A prototype of Dr. Lappass design, called CubeSail, will be launc
43、hed late next year. It weighs just 3kg (71b) and, when folded up, measures 30cm (12 inches) by 10cm by 10cm. Once unfurled, however, the sail will have an area of 25 square metres. If this prototype, which is paid for by EADS, a European aerospace company, proves successful, solar sails might be add
44、ed to many future satellites. That would enable them to be removed rapidly from orbit when they became useless and would restore to the skies some measure of Aristotelian perfection.（分数：10.00）(1).In the first paragraph, the author mentioned the collision between satellites _.A. to introduce a satell
45、ite-removal systemB. to make a contrast with past and present skiesC. to make a comparison between past and present skiesD. to let people focus on the conditions of the outer space（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).When a satellite is first launched, the sail _.A. can make a minuscule but continuous speedB. is an
46、gled and makes the acceleration to keep the satellite in orbitC. makes the satellite off the orbit because the satellite collides with the small number of air moleculesD. keeps the satellite in orbit because the satellite collides with the small number of air molecules（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).According
47、to Paragraph 3, which one is NOT the function of the solar sail?A. Protecting the space environment.B. Dragging the dead satellite into the atmosphere.C. Cleaning up microscopic orbital debris.D. Disabling satellites in orbit.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).According to the text, which of the following is true
48、?A. A fleck of paint may be dangerous sometimes.B. Satellites can be mopped up by solar sails.C. There is nothing new in Dr. Lappas idea.D. The concept of solar sails is novel.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).We can learn from the text that the solar sail can _.A. clean the orbit after added to many future sate
49、llitesB. dispose of defunct satellites quicklyC. help to sweep the debris and return the skies cleanD. make the skies perfect now（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.七、Text 4(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Men are generally better than women on tests of spatial ability, such as mentally rotating an object through three dimensions or finding their way around in a new environment. But a new study suggests that under some circumstances a womans way of navigating is probably more efficient.Luis Pacheco-Cobos of the National Autonomous
