1、考研英语-968 及答案解析(总分：96.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)My Space and other Web sites have unleashed a potent new phenomenon of social networking in cyberspace, (1) at the same time, a growing body of evidence is suggesting that traditional social (2) play a surprisingly powerful and u
2、nder-recognized role in influencing how people behave. The latest research comes from Dr. Nicholas A. Christakis, at the Harvard Medical School, and Dr. James H. Fowler, at the University of California at San Diego. The (3) reported last summer that obesity appeared to (4) from one person to another
3、 (5) social networks, almost like a virus or a fad. In a follow-up to that provocative research, the team has produced (6) findings about another major health (7) : smoking. In a study published last week in the New England Journal of Medicine, the team found that a persons decision to (8) the habit
4、 is strongly affected by (9) other people in their social network quiteven people they do not know. And, surprisingly, entire networks of smokers appear to quit virtually (10) For (11) of their studies, they (12) of detailed records kept between 1971 and 2003 about 5,124 people who participated in t
5、he landmark Framingham Heart Study. Because many of the subjects had ties to the Boston suburb of Framingham, Mass. , many of the participants were (13) somehowthrough spouses, neighbors, friends, co-workersenabling the researchers to study a network that (14) 12,067 people. Taken together, these st
6、udies are (15) a growing recognition that many behaviors are (16) by social networks in (17) that have not been fully understood. And (18) may be possible, the researchers say, to harness the power of these networks for many (19) , such as encouraging safe sex, getting more people to exercise or eve
7、n (20) crime.（分数：10.00）(1).A. so B. but C. as D. although（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(2).A. resource B. database C. communication D. intranet（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(3).A. pair B. sociologists C. spouse D. universities（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(4).A. range B. differ C. vary D. spread（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(5).A. between B. among C.
8、 in D. through（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(6).A. consequent B. controversial C. similar D. diffident（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(7).A. issue B. dispute C. problem D. question（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(8).A. cultivate B. kick C. leave D. tick（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(9).A. how B. that C. what D. whether（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(10).A. surprisingl
9、y B. simultaneously C. spontaneously D. strongly（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(11).A. neither B. none C. both D. which（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(12).A. made a companion B. took advantage C. took an attitudeD. had the best（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(13).A. concerned B. excluded C. encouraged D. connected（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(14).A. tot
10、aled B. increased C. summed D. added（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(15).A. filling B. blocking C. fueling D. contributing（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(16).A. swayed B. deviated C. bettered D. deteriorated（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(17).A. order B. ways C. fear D. case（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(18).A. it B. there C. they D. if（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(
11、19).A. reasons B. keeps C. good D. purposes（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(20).A. banning B. promoting C. fighting D. committing（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)The history of the computer in the twentieth century is one of dramatic adaptation and
12、expansion. The computer had modest beginnings in areas where it was used as a specialist tool. The first electronic computer was built in the 1930s and was solely for the use of undergraduate students in Iowa State University to handle mathematical computations in nuclear physics. In the 1960s an ea
13、rly version of the Internet, ARPPANET was used in computer science and engineering projects. However, only 10 years later computers were starting to change our life style, the way we do business and many other things and by the late 1980s networks were expanding to embrace sections of the general pu
14、blic.Computerization has changed US high school education in many ways. Three different changes that consider being important. The first is the use of the computer as teaching aid for teachers. The next is the massive data storage and fast data retrieval facilitated by computer. Then comes the chang
15、es brought about by the introduction of simulation software.How prevalent is the use of computers in schools! As recently as the early 1980s only 20% of secondary science teachers in the USA were using microcomputers. However, since then high schools in the US have computerized rapidly. By 1987, sch
16、ools had acquired about 1.5 million computers with 95% of public schools having at least one computer. Computers can be used as teaching aids both in schools and in homes. In schools, for example, teachers can plug a computer into an especially equipped overhead projector to bring texts, graphics, s
17、ound and videos into a classroom. By these multimedia computer animations, teachers can more readily attract and retain students attention. Ann concludes that computer aided teaching can attract and motivate students who were dropping out when more traditional methods were being used.Let us now turn
18、 to the Internet. This is a global network connecting many local networks. Over the Internet, high school students can retrieve information and databases from every networked library around the world in seconds. The World Wide Web provides an easy way to access hard-to-find information. Students can
19、 now reach any library through the global network and find what they want. The final step is to download the scanned image. Though the slow transmission of signal through the network is a major limiting factor, it can still save us much time in finding useful information, and thus it is an invaluabl
20、e tool to both high school teachers and students.（分数：10.00）(1).The main point of paragraph 1 is toA. outline the main causes of computerization.B. outline the main consequences of computerization.C. give background information on computerization.D. give the authors viewpoint on computerization.（分数：2
21、.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The word “facilitated“ (line 3, paragraph 2 ) is closest in meaning toA. caused. B. developed. C. assisted. D. fascinated.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Computerization in school education seems to beA. yielding positive results.B. distracting the students attention.C. reducing the number of s
22、chool dropouts.D. relieving the burden of the traditional teachers.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).According to the passage, the major advantage of the Internet isA. its convenience in obtaining information.B. its wide and cheap access around the world.C. its ability to process information.D. its adaptability
23、to computer hardware.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).The authors attitude towards computerization seems to beA. indifferent. B. suspicious. C. biased. D. supportive.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.五、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Conservatism, George Will told me when I interviewed him many years ago, was rooted in reality. It starte
24、d not from an imagined society but from the world as it actually exists. But conservatives now champion ideas drawn from abstract principles with little regard to the realities of Americas present or past. This is a tragedy, because conservatism has an important role to play in modernizing the U. S.
25、Consider the debates over the economy. The Republican prescription is to cut taxes and slash government spending, but what is the evidence that tax cuts are the best path to revive the U. S. economy? Taxes as a percentage of GDP are at their lowest level since 1950. The U. S. is among the lowest tax
26、ed of the big industrial economies. So the case that America is grinding to a halt because of high taxation is not based on facts but is simply a theoretical assertion. The rich countries that are in the best shape right now, with strong growth and low unemployment, are ones like Germany and Denmark
27、, neither one characterized by low taxes.In fact, right now any discussion of government involvement in the economyeven to build vital infrastructureis impossible because it is a cardinal tenet of the new conservatism that such involvement is always and forever bad. Meanwhile, across the globe, from
28、 Singapore to South Korea to Germany to Canada, evidence abounds that some strategic actions by the government can act as catalysts for free-market growth. Of course, American history suggests that as well. In the 1950s, 60s and 70s, the U.S. government made massive investments in science and techno
29、logy, in state universities and in infant industries. Those investments triggered two generations of economic growth and put the U. S. on top of the world of technology and innovation.But that history has been forgotten. When considering health care, for example, Republicans confidently assert that
30、their ideas will lower costs, when we simply do not have much evidence for this. What we do know is that of the worlds richest countries, the U.S. has by far the greatest involvement of free markets and the private sector in health care. It also consumes the largest share of GDP, with no significant
31、 gains in health on any measurable outcome. We need more market mechanisms to cut medical costs, but Republicans dont bother to study existing health care systems anywhere else in the world. “I know it works in practice,“ the old saw goes, “but does it work in theory?“Conservatives used to be the on
32、es with heads firmly based in reality. Their reforms were powerful because they used the market, streamlined government and empowered individuals. We need conservative ideas to modernize the U. S. economy and reform American government. But what we have instead are policies that dont reform but just
33、 cut and starve governmenta strategy that pays little attention to history or best practices from around the world and is based instead on a theory.（分数：10.00）(1).The Republican proposal to cut taxesA. will send America on its way to economic recovery.B. is based on a reasonable theoretical assertion
34、.C. will play an important role in modernizing America.D. indicates that conservatives have lost touch with reality.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).That heavier taxes burden the American economyA. is widely acknowledged in America.B. is an idea ridiculed by conservatives.C. is based on false abstract principle
35、s.D. is an idea shared by European economists.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).The author is clearly in favor ofA. government intervention in economy.B. massive investments in vital infrastructure.C. heavier taxation of the rich population.D. a theoretical foundation for government policies.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4)
36、.It is implied that the American health care systemA. requires more government involvement.B. requires more private investment.C. has caused the shrinking of GDP.D. works only in practice but not in theory.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).The conservative policies used to work because theyA. were based on sound
37、 economic theories.B. catered to individual preferences.C. were deeply rooted in reality and practice.D. reformed the government by starving it.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.六、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：6.00)Tom Burke recently tried to print out a boarding pass from home before one of the frequent/lights he takes. He could
38、nt. His name, or one similar to it, is now on one of the Transportation Security Administrations terrorist watch lists.Every day, thousands of people like Burke find themselves unable o do things like print a boarding pass and are pulled aside for extensive screening because their name, or a name th
39、at sounds like theirs, is on one of the watch lists. From the TSAs perspective, the screening is just one of the many new layers of increased security that are designed to prevent terrorist activity. The inconvenience is regrettable, but a price that society has to pay for security. And for national
40、 security reasons, the FBI and other government agencies responsible for supplying names to the lists will not disclose the criteria they use. They say that would amount to tipping their hands to the terrorists.But civil libertarians are more concerned about the long-term consequence of the current
41、lists. On Sept. 11, 2001, the no-fly list contained 16 names. Now, the combined lists are estimated to have as many as 20,000. Internal FBI memos from agents referred to the process as “really confused“ and “not comprehensive and not centralized.“ Burke and others contend that such comments axe dist
42、urbing, because it was during the first year after the attacks that the watch lists grew exponentially.“The underlying danger is not that Tom. Burke can no longer get a boarding pass to get on an air line,“ says a lawyer. “Its that the Tom Burkes in the world may .forever more be associated (with th
43、e terrorist watch list).“ Burke says they do know that the lists axe frequently updated and distributed internationally, but they dont know how the old lists are destroyed. They also hope to ensure that sometime in the future a person whose name is on the list, but is not a terrorist, does not run i
44、nto further trouble if, say, law enforcement in another country that theyre visiting comes across their name on one of the old lists.In addition, airlines are concerned that the lists are not updated frequently enough. “Weve been encouraging the TSA to work with all of the other federal law-enforcem
45、ent agencies to get a regular re view of the names that they submit to TSA, because there have been reports that these agencies have said that if there was a review, many of the names could be removed,“ says Diana Cronin of the Air Transport Association.（分数：6.00）(1).The number of names on the no-fly
46、 list increases rapidly from 16 to 20,000 most probably becauseA. terrorist attacks are launched frequently.B. many peoples names are similar to known terrorists.C. the screening system is not effective enough.D. terrorists are not accurately identified after 911.（分数：1.20）A.B.C.D.(2).In the eyes of
47、the TSA, the current system isA. inconvenient and pointless.B. reasonable but imperfect.C. effective and praiseworthy.D. necessary but impractical.（分数：1.20）A.B.C.D.(3).The attitudes of FBI and Burke towards the reliability of the no-fly list areA. similar.B. opposite.C. confusing.D. ambiguous.（分数：1.
48、20）A.B.C.D.(4).According to paragraph 4, Burkes great concern about the current system is thatA. the system fails to update internationally.B. he is often mistaken for a terrorist.C. the damage done by the list cannot be quickly corrected.D. getting his boarding pass will often take more time.（分数：1.
49、20）A.B.C.D.(5).The airlines may be satisfied if the TSA canA. distribute the no-fly lists before a flight.B. revise the terrorist watch lists more often.C. prevent terrorists from boarding airplanes.D. abolish the current terrorist screening system.（分数：1.20）A.B.C.D.七、Text 4(总题数：1，分数：10.00)The term “disruptive technology“ is popular, but is widely misused. It refers not simply to a clever new technology, hut to one that undermines an existing technology-and which therefore makes life very difficult for the many businesses which depend on the existing way of doin
