1、考研英语-953 及答案解析(总分：96.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Generally speaking, a British is widely regarded as a quiet, shy and conservative person who is (1) only among those with whom he is acquainted. When a stranger is at present, he often seems nervous, even (2) . You have to take a
2、 commuter train any morning or evening to (3) the truth of this.Serious-looking businessmen and women sit reading their newspapers or dozing in a comer; hardly anybody talks, since to do so would be considered quite (4) .(5) , there is an unwritten but clearly understood code of behavior which, once
3、 broken, makes the offender immediately the object of (6) .It has been known as a fact that a British has a (7) for the discussion of their weather and that, if given a chance, he will talk about it (8) .Some people argue that it is because the British weather seldom (9) forecast add hence becomes a
4、 source of interest and (10) to everyone.This may be so. (11) a British cannot have much (12) in the weathermen, who, after promising fine, sunny weather for the following day, are often proved wrong (13) a cloud over the Atlantic brings rainy weather to all districts! The man in the street seems to
5、 be as accurate - or as inaccurate as the weathermen in his (14) .Foreigners may be surprised at the number of references (15) weather that the British (16) to each other in the course of a single day. Very often conversational greetings are (17) by comments on the weather. “Nice day, isnt it?“ “Bea
6、utiful!“ may well be heard, instead of “Good morning, how are you?“ Although the foreigner may consider this exaggerated and comic, it is (18) pointing out that it could be used to his advantage. If he wants to start a conversation with a British but is at a loss to know (19) to begin, he could do w
7、ell to mention the state of the weather. It is a safe subject which will (20) an answer from even the most reserved of the British.（分数：10.00）(1).A. relaxed B. frustrated C. amused D. exhausted（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(2).A. reserved B. urgent C. embarrassed D. anxious（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(3).A. experience B. wi
8、tness C. watch D. undergo（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(4).A. impolite B. defensive C. deliberate D. offensive（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(5).A. Deliberately B. Apparently C. Frequently D. Consequently（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(6).A. compassion B. opposition C. criticism D. assault（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(7).A. emotion B. fancy C. likelin
9、ess D. judgment（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(8).A. at length B. to a great extent C. from his heart D. by all means（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(9).A. follows B. obeys C. defies D. supports（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(10).A. dedication B. suspicion C. contemplation D. speculation（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(11).A. Usually B. Generally C. Certai
10、nly D. Fundamentally（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(12).A. faith B. hope C. honor D. credit（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(13).A. since B. once C. when D. while（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(14).A. propositions B. predictions C. proposal D. prophecy（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(15).A. about B. on C. in D. to（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(16).A. take B. forecast C.
11、 make D. predict（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(17).A. started B. replaced C. conducted D. proposed（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(18).A. reasonable B. useful C. worthwhile D. meaningful（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(19).A. where B. how C. what D. which（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(20).A. stimulate B. constitute C. furnish D. provoke（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.二
12、、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Scholars and students have always been great travellers. The official case for “academic mobility“ is now often stated in impressive terms as a fundamental necessity for economic and social progress in the world, and de
13、bated in the corridors of Europe, but it is certainly nothing new. Serious students were always ready to go abroad in search of the most stimulating teachers and the most famous academies; in search of the purest philosophy, the most effective medicine, the likeliest road to gold.Mobility of this ki
14、nd meant also mobility of ideas l their transference across frontiers, their simultaneous impact upon many groups of people. The point of learning is to share it, whether with students or with colleagues; one presumes that only eccentrics have no interest in being credited with a startling discovery
15、, or a new technique. It must also have been reassuring to know that other people in other parts of the world were about to make the same discovery or were thinking along the same lines, and that one was not quite alone, confronted by inquisition, ridicule or neglect.In the twentieth century, and pa
16、rticularly in the last 20 years, the old footpaths of the wandering scholars have become vast highways. The vehicle which has made this possible has of course been the aeroplane, making contact between scholars even in the most distant places immediately feasible, and providing for the very rapid tr
17、ansmission of knowledge.Apart from the vehicle itself, it is fairly easy to identify the main factors which have brought about the recent explosion in academic movement. Some of these are purely quantitative and require no further mention: there are far more centres of learning, and a far greater nu
18、mber of scholars and students.In addition one must recognise the very considerable multiplication of disciplines, particularly in the sciences, which by widening the total area of advanced studies has produced an enormous number of specialists whose particular interests are precisely defined. These
19、people would work in some isolation if they were not able to keep in touch with similar isolated groups in other countries.Frequently these specialisations lie in areas where very rapid developments are taking place, and also where the research needed for developments is extremely costly and takes a
20、 long time. It is precisely in these areas that the advantages of collaboration and sharing of expertise appear most evident. Associated with this is the growth of specialist periodicals, which enable scholars to become aware of what is happening in different centres of research and to meet each oth
21、er in conferences and symposia. From these meetings come the personal relationships which are at the bottom of almost all formalized schemes of cooperation, and provide them with their most satisfactory stimulus.But as the specialisations have increased in number and narrowed in range, there had bee
22、n an opposite movement towards interdisciplinary studies. These owe much to the belief that one cannot properly investigate the incredibly complex problems thrown up by the modern world, and by recent advances in our knowledge along the narrow front of a single discipline. This trend has led to a gr
23、eat deal of academic contact between disciplines, and a far greater emphasis on the pooling of specialist knowledge, reflected in the broad subjects chosen in many international conferences.（分数：10.00）(1).According to the passage, scholars and students are great travellers because_.A. standards are h
24、igher at foreign universitiesB. their governments encourage them to travelC. salaries and conditions are better abroadD. they are eager for new knowledge（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The writer says that travel was important in the past because it_.A. was a way of spreading ideas B. broke down political barr
25、iersC. led to economic progress D. made new ideas less schooling（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).The writer claims that it is important for specialists to be able to travel because_.A. there are so many people working in similar fieldsB. there is a lot of social unrest at universitiesC. their follow experts are
26、 scattered round the worldD. their laboratories are in remote places（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).The writer thinks that the growth of specialist societies and periodicals has helped scholars to _.A. spend less time travelling B. cut down research costsC. develop their ideas more quickly D. keep up with curr
27、ent developments（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).Developments in international cooperation are often, it is suggested, the result of_.A. friendships formed by scholars at meetingsB. articles in learned journalsC. the work of international agenciesD. programs initiated by governments（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.五、Text 2(总题数
28、：1，分数：6.00)A moments drilling by the dentist may make us nervous and upset. Many of us cannot stand pain.To avoid the pain of a drilling that may last perhaps a minute or two, we demand the “needle“ a shot of novocaine (奴佛卡因) -that deadens the nerves around the tooth.Now it s true that the human bod
29、y has developed its millions of nerves to be highly aware of what goes on both inside and outside of it. This helps us adjust to the world. Without our nervesand our brain, which is a bundle of nerves we wouldnt know whats happening. But we pay for our sensitivity. We can feel pain when the slightes
30、t thing is wrong with any part of our body. The history of torture is based on the human body being open to pain.But there is a way to handle pain. Look at the Indian fakir(行僧) who sits on a bed of nails. Fakirs can put a needle right through an arm, and feel no pain; This ability that some humans h
31、ave developed to handle pain should give us ideas about how the mind can deal with pain.The big thing in withstanding pain is our attitude toward it. If the dentist says, “This will hurt a little, it helps us to accept the pain. By staying relaxed, and by treating the pain as an interesting sensatio
32、n, we can handle the pain without falling apart. After all; although pain is an unpleasant sensation, it is still a sensation, and sensations are the stuff of life.（分数：6.00）(1).The passage is mainly about_.A. how to stiffer painB. how to avoid painC. how to handle painD. how to stop pain（分数：1.20）A.B
33、.C.D.(2).The sentence “But we pay for our sensitivity.“in the third paragraph implies that_.A. we should pay a debt for, our feelingB. we have to be hurt when We feel somethingC. our pain is worth feelingD. when we feel pain, we are suffering it（分数：1.20）A.B.C.D.(3).When the author mentions the India
34、n fakir, he suggests that_.A. Indians are not at all afraid of painB. people may be senseless of painC. some people are able to handle painD. fakirs have magic to put needles right through their arms（分数：1.20）A.B.C.D.(4).The most important thing to handle pain is _.A. how we look at painB. to feel pa
35、in as much as possibleC. to show an interest in painD. to accept the pain reluctantly（分数：1.20）A.B.C.D.(5).The authors attitude towards pain is _.A. pessimistic B. optimisticC. radical D. practical（分数：1.20）A.B.C.D.六、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：10.00)European farm ministers have ended three weeks of negotiations
36、with a deal which they claim represents genuine reform of the common agricultural policy(CAP). Will it be enough to kickstart the Doha world trade negotiations?On the face of it, the deal agreed in the early hours of Thursday June 26th looks promising. Most subsidies linked to specific farm products
37、 are, at last, to be broken-the idea is to replace these with a direct payment to farmers, unconnected to particular products. Support prices for several key products, including milk and butter, are to be cut-that should mean European prices eventually falling towards the world market level. Cutting
38、 the link between subsidy and production was the main objective of proposals put forward by Mr. Fischler, which had formed the starting point for the negotiations.The CAP is hugely unpopular around the world. It subsidises European farmers to such an extent that they can undercut farmers from poor c
39、ountries, who also face trade barriers that largely exclude them from the potentially lucrative European market. Farm trade is also a key feature of the Doha round of trade talks, launched under the auspices of the World Trade Organisation (WTO) in November 2001. Developing countries have lined up a
40、longside a number of industrial countries to demand an end to the massive subsidies Europe pays its farmers. Several Doha deadlines have already been missed because of the EUs intransigence, and the survival of the talks will be at risk if no progress is made by September, when the worlds trade mini
41、sters meet in Cancun, Mexico.But now even the French seem to have gone along with the deal hammered out in Luxembourg. Up to a point, anyway. The package of measures gives the green light for the most eager reformers to move fast to implement the changes within their own countries. But there is an e
42、scape clause of sorts for the French and other reform-averse nations. They can delay implementation for up to two years. There is also a suggestion that the reforms might not apply where there is a chance that they would lead to a reduction in land under cultivation.These let-outs are potentially da
43、maging for Europes negotiators in the Doha round. They could significantly reduce the cost savings that the reforms might otherwise generate and, in turn, keep European expenditure on farm support unacceptably high by world standards. More generally, the escape clauses could undermine the reforms by
44、 encouraging the suspicion that the new package will not deliver the changes that its supporters claim. Close analysis of what is inevitably a very complicated package might confirm the sceptics fears.（分数：10.00）(1).The deal agreed on Thursday looks promising in that _.A. European farm ministers fina
45、lly reached a consensusB. the link between farm products and subsidies is removedC. farmers would definitely accept the direct payment to themD. European farm products will reach a lower price level than the world（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).It can be inferred from the third paragraph that _.A. farmers from
46、 poor countries were put at a disadvantage by CAPB. the deal will be a key subject of debate in Doha round of trade talksC. the deal was probably a result of pressure from other countriesD. the worlds trade ministers will resist the new deal reached recently（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).In what case might th
47、e escape clauses apply in reform-averse nations?A. Farmers lose their interest in farming.B. Reforms have to be delayed for up to two years.C. Implementation of the measures goes too eagerly.D. The measures damage the reformers confidence.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).The new package of measures is inevitabl
48、y a complicated one due to _.A. Europes negotiators loss of confidenceB. European expenditure on farm supportC. escape clauses for some European countriesD. suspicion of the new package（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).What is the passage mainly about?A. A promising new deal. B. Doha world trade negotiations.C.
49、Worlds anger against Europe. D. Doomed reforms of CAP.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.七、Text 4(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Germanys chimney sweepshallowed as bringers of good luck, with their black top hats and coiled-wire brushes are under attack. Last week the European Commissions directorate for the internal market revived proceedings against an antiquated German law that protects sweeps against competition. The countrys chimney sweeps enjoy a near-perfect monopoly. Germany is divided into around 8000 districts, each ruled
