1、考研英语-936 及答案解析(总分：102.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：20.00)All Americans are at least vaguely (1) with the (2) of the American Indian. Cutbacks in federal programs for Indians have made their problems (3) more severe in recent years. Josephy reports,“ (4) 1981 it was estimated that cut,
2、 backs in federal programs for Indians totaled about $ 500 million“ (5) mole than ten times the cuts affecting their (6) fellow Americans. This reduced funding is affecting almost all aspects of reservation life, (7) education. If the Indians could solve their (8) problems, solutions to many of thei
3、r other problems might not be far behind. In, this paper the current status of Indian education will be described and (9) and some ways of improving this education will be proposed.Whether to (10) with the dominant American culture or to (11) Indian culture has been a longstanding issue in Indian ed
4、ucation. The next fifty years became a period of (12) assimilation in all areas of Indian culture, but especially in religion and education (Jacoby 83r84).John Collier, a reformer who agitated . (13) Indians and their culture from the early 1920s until his death in 1968, had a different i dea. He be
5、lieved that instead of effacing native culture, Indian schools (14) encourage and (15) it ( Dippie276, 325 ).Pressure to assimilate remains a potent force today, (16) . More and more Indians are graduating from high school and college and becoming (17) for jobs in the non - Indian society.“ When Ind
6、ians obtain the requisite skills, many of them enter the broader American society and succeed.“ (18) approximately 90 percent of all Indian children are educated in state public school systems (Taylor 136, 155). (19) these children compete with the members of the dominant society, however, is anothe
7、r (20) .（分数：20.00）(1).A. agreeable B. regardless C. familiar D. sympathetic（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. predicament B. dilemma C. scrape D. plight（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. even B. ever C. greatly D. further（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).A. Since B. Up to C. Before D. By the end of（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(5).A. or B. and C.
8、 yet D. but（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(6).A. non-Indian B. Indian C. previous D. former（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(7).A. except B. regarding C. besides D. including（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(8).A. cultural B. educational C. social D. severe（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(9).A. estimated B. evaluated C. settled D. decided（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(10)
9、.A. agree B. push forward C. assimilate D. deal（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(11).A. reserve B. converse C. detain D. preserve（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(12).A. enforced B. overall C. contemptuous D. unbelievable（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(13).A. in favor of B. on behalf of C. side by side with D. far behind（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(14).A.
10、 would B. should C. could D. might（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(15).A. realize B. assimilate C. acknowledge D. revitalize（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(16).A. yet B. furthermore C. however D. just the same（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(17).A. available B. reachable C. suitable D. eligible（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(18).A. In the future B. In the
11、past C. At present D. Maybe（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(19).A. What B. Whether C. That D. How（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(20).A. question B. issue C. aspect D. matter（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)For my proposed journey, the first priority was clearly t
12、o start learning Arabic. I have never been a linguist. Though I had traveled widely as a journalist, I had never managed to pick up more than a smattering of phrases in any tongue other than French, and even my French, was laborious for want of lengthy practice. The prospect of tackling one of the n
13、otoriously difficult languages at the age of forty, and trying to speak it well, both deterred and excited me. It was perhaps expecting a little too much of a curiously unreceptive part of myself, yet the possibility that I might gain access to a completely alien culture and tradition by this means
14、was enormously pleasing.I enrolled as a pupil in a small school in the center of the city. It was run by a Mr Beheit, of dapper appearance and explosive temperament, who assured me that after three months of his special treatment I would speak Arabic fluently. Whereupon he drew from his desk a postc
15、ard which an old pupil had sent him from somewhere in the Middle East, expressing great gratitude and reporting the astonishment of local Arabs that he could converse with them like a native. It was written in English. Mr Beheit himself spent most of his time coaching businessmen in French, and thro
16、ugh the thin, partitioned walls of his school one could hear him bellowing in exasperation at some confused entrepreneur: “Non, M. Jones. Jane suis pas francais. Pas, Pas, Pas!“ (No Mr. Jones, Im NOT French, Im not, not, NOT!). I was gratified that my own tutor, whose name was Ahmed, was infinitely
17、softer and less public in approach.For a couple of hours every morning we would face each other across a small table, while we discussed in meticulous detail the colour scheme of the tiny cubicle, the events in the street below and, once a week, the hair-raising progress of a window-cleaner across t
18、he wall of the building opposite. In between, hearing in mind the particular interest I had in acquiring Arabic, I would inquire the way to some imaginary oasis, anxiously demand fodder and water for my camels, wonder politely whether the sheikh was prepared to grant me audience now. It was all hard
19、 going. I frequently despaired of ever becoming anything like a fluent speaker, though Ahmed assured me that my pronunciation was above average for a Westemer. This, I suspected, was partly flattery, for there are a couple of Arabic sounds which not even a gift for mimicry allowed me to grasp for ag
20、es. There were, moreover, vast distinctions of meaning conveyed by subtle sound shifts rarely employed in English. And for me the problem was increased by the need to assimilate a vocabulary, that would vary from place to place across five essentially Arabic-speaking countries that practiced vernacu
21、lars of their own: so that the word for “people“, for instance, might be nais, sah ab or sooken.Each day I was mentally exhausted by the strain of a morning in school, followed by an afternoon struggling at home with a tape recorder. Yet there was relief in the most elementary forms of understanding
22、 and progress. When merely got the drift of a torrent which Ahmed had just released, I was childishly elated. When I managed to roll a complete sentence off my tongue without apparently thinking what I was saying, and it came out right, I beamed like an idiot. And the enjoyment of reading and writin
23、g the flowing Arabic script was something that did not leave me once I had mastered it. By the end of June, no-one could have described me as anything like a fluent speaker of Arabic. I was approximately in the position of a fifteen-year old who, equipped with a modicum of schoolroom French, nervous
24、ly awaits his first trip to Paris. But this was something I could reprove upon in my own time. I bade farewell to Mr Beheit, still struggling to drive the French negative into the still confused mind of Mr Jones.（分数：10.00）(1).Which of the following is not characteristic of Mr Beheit?A. He had a neat
25、 and clean appearance.B. He was volatile and highly emotionalC. He was very modest about his success in teaching.D. He sometimes lost his temper and shouted loudly when teaching.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).It is known from the passage that the writer_.A. had a good command of FrenchB. couldnt make sounds p
26、roperly when learning ArabicC. spoke highly of Mr Beheits achievements in language teachingD. didnt like Ahmeds style of teaching（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).It can be inferred from the passage that Ahmed was_.A. a fast speakerB. a boring speakerC. a laconic speakerD. an interesting speaker（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.
27、(4).The word “modicum“ in the last paragraph can be replaced by_.A. competence B. excellenceC. mimicry D. smattering（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).Which of the following statements is FALSE according to the passage?A. The writers intended journey created particular difficulties in his learning of Arabic.B. Th
28、e reading and writing of the Arabic script gave the writer lasting pleasure.C. The writer found learning Arabic was a grueling experience but rewarding.D. The writer regarded Ahmeds praise of his pronunciation as tongue-in-cheek（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.五、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Sleep is a funny thing. We re t
29、aught that we should get seven or eight hours a night, but a lot of us get by just fine on less, and some of us actually sleep too much. A study out of the University of Buffalo last month reported that people who routinely sleep more than eight hours a day and are still tired are nearly three times
30、 as likely to die of stroke-probably as a result of an underlying disorder that keeps them from snoozing soundly.Doctors have their own special sleep problems. Residents are famously sleep deprived. When I was training to become a doctor, it was not unusual to work 40 hours in a row without rest. Mo
31、st of us took it in stride, confident we could still deliver the highest quality of medical care.Maybe we shouldn t have been so sure of ourselves. An article in the Journal of the American Medical Association points out that in the morning after 24 hours of sleeplessness, a person s motor performan
32、ce is comparable to that of someone who is legally intoxicated. Curiously, surgeons who believe that operating under the influence is grounds for dismissal often don t think twice about operating without enough sleep.“I could tell you horror stories,“ says Jaya Agrawal, president of the American Med
33、ical Student Association, which runs a website where residents can post anonymous anecdotes. Some are terrifying. “I was operating after being up for over 36 hours, “one writes. “I literally fell asleep standing up and nearly face planted into the wound. “Practically every surgical resident I know h
34、as fallen asleep at the wheel driving home from work,“ writes another. “I know of three who have hit parked cars. Another hit a convenience store on the roadside, going 105kin/h. “Your own patients have become the enemy,“ writes a third,“ because they are the one thing that stands between you and a
35、few hours of sleep. “Agrawal s organization is supporting the Patient and Physician Safety and Protection Act of 2001, introduced last November by Representative John Conyers Jr. of Michigan. Its key provisions, modeled on New York States regulations, include an 80-hour workweek and a 24-hour work-s
36、hift limit.Most doctors, however, resist such interference. Dr. Charles Binkley, a senior surgery resident at the University of Michigan, agrees that something needs to be done but believes “doctors should be bound by their conscience, not by the government. “The U. S. controls the hours of pilots a
37、nd truck drivers. But until such a system is in place for doctors, patients are on their own. If you re worried about the people treating you, you should feel free to ask how many hours of sleep they have had. Doctors, for their part, have to give up their pose of infallibility and get the rest they
38、 need.（分数：10.00）(1).Which of the following is NOT true according to the text?A. In a recent scientific research, the scientists points out that someone who sleeps beyond the limit will probably not be in good health.B. In the United States, the doctors usually do not take their sleep problems seriou
39、sly.C. Most doctors agree that the problems should be solved only by way of some compulsory means.D. The U. S. government has already restricted the doctors working hours.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).In the last paragraph, the expression“, patients are on their own“ most probably meansA. patients are alone
40、when they are in hospital.B. patients will try their luck on their doctors health.C. patients will have some problems related to them, rather than other people.D. patients will make their decisions for themselves.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).On Jaya Agrawal s website, what are the common responses to the do
41、ctors sleep problems?A. Most people insisted that the problems have nothing to do with the interests of the majority of people.B. People who posted their opinions on the website thought the results of the problems would be too horribly to think.C. The internet-surfers believed that the government sh
42、ould regulate some laws to limit the doctors working hours.D. People advocated that the problems could merely be solved by the doctors conscience.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).It can be inferred from the passage thatA. the U. S. legislators are alarmed about sleep-deprived doctors.B. the doctors should sleep
43、 much more than the ordinary people.C. the U. S. government as well as many ordinary people never pays enough attention to the problems.D. at the very beginning, the doctors insist that their sleep problems will lead to serious consequences.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).Who is well aware of the consequences
44、of the doctors sleep problem and runs a website to raise the common people s awareness?A. The University of Buffalo. B. Jaya Agrawal.C. Dr. Charles Binkley. D. John Conyers Jr.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.六、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Most of the people who appear most often and most gloriously in the history books a
45、re great conquerors and generals and soldiers, whereas the people who really helped civilization forward are often never mentioned at all. We do not know who first set a broken leg, or launched a seaworthy boat, or calculated the length of the year, or manured a field; but we know all about the kill
46、ers and destroyers. People think a great deal of them, so much so that on all the highest pillars in the great cities of the world you will find the figure of a conqueror or a general or a soldier. And I think most people believe that the greatest countries are those that have beaten in battle the g
47、reatest number of other countries and ruled over them as conquerors. It is just possible they are, but they are not the most civilized. Animals fight; so do savages; hence to be good at fighting is to be good in the way in which an animal or a savage is good, but it is not to be civilized. Even bein
48、g good at getting other people to fight for you and telling them how to do it most efficiently-this, after all, is what conquerors and generals have done-is not being civilized. People fight to settle quarrels. Fighting means killing, and civilized peoples ought to be able to find some way of settli
49、ng their disputes other than by seeing which side can kill off the greater number of the other side, and then saying that that side which has killed most has won. And not only has won, but, because it has won, has been in the right. For that is what going to war means; it means saying that might is right.That is what the story of mankind has on the whole been like. Even our own age has fought the two greatest wars in history, in which millions of people were killed or mutilated. And while today it is true that people do not fight and kill eac
