1、考研英语-876 及答案解析(总分:100.00,做题时间:90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数:0,分数:0.00)二、In some early attemp(总题数:20,分数:10.00)1.(分数:0.50)A.wrongB.minusC.negativeD.unworkable2.(分数:0.50)A.incentiveB.responseC.stimulusD.reinforcement3.(分数:0.50)A.absolutelyB.whollyC.partlyD.fully4.(分数:0.50)A.Above allB.In a wordC.As a
2、resultD.For example5.(分数:0.50)A.instanceB.analysisC.instructionD.advice6.(分数:0.50)A.responseB.reactionC.praiseD.feedback7.(分数:0.50)A.approachB.methodC.modelD.way8.(分数:0.50)A.seen asB.regarded asC.thought asD.known as9.(分数:0.50)A.decidedB.discussedC.arguedD.debated10.(分数:0.50)A.simpleB.complexC.parti
3、cularD.necessary11.(分数:0.50)A.howeverB.thereforeC.furthermoreD.otherwise12.(分数:0.50)A.clear upB.take upC.make upD.set up13.(分数:0.50)A.muchB.seldomC.neverD.also14.(分数:0.50)A.inquiredB.acquiredC.requiredD.requested15.(分数:0.50)A.answersB.respondsC.retortsD.replies16.(分数:0.50)A.uniteB.consolidateC.reinf
4、orceD.associate17.(分数:0.50)A.criticizedB.blamedC.omittedD.ignored18.(分数:0.50)A.wordsB.termsC.phrasesD.jargons19.(分数:0.50)A.falseB.correctC.artificialD.true20.(分数:0.50)A.emphasisB.focusC.concentrationD.attention三、Section Reading Co(总题数:0,分数:0.00)四、Part A(总题数:0,分数:0.00)五、Text 1(总题数:5,分数:10.00)21.Accor
5、ding to the passage, people often wrongly believe that in pursuing a career as a manager(分数:2.00)A.a persons property or debts do not matter much.B.a persons outward appearance is not a critical qualification.C.women should always dress fashionably.D.women should not only be attractive but also high
6、-minded.22.It can be inferred from the passage that in the business world(分数:2.00)A.handsome men are not affected as much by their looks as attractive women are.B.physically attractive women who are in the public eye usually do quite well.C.physically attractive men and women who are in the public e
7、ye usually get along quite well.D.good looks are important for women as they are for men.23.The result of research carried out by social scientists shows that(分数:2.00)A.people do not realize the importance of looking ones best.B.women in pursuit of managerial jobs are not likely to be paid well.C.go
8、od-looking women aspire to managerial positions.D.attractive people generally have an advantage over those who are not.24.The sentence “good looks cut both ways for women“ ( Line 1, Paragraph 5 ) means that(分数:2.00)A.attractive women have tremendous potential impact on public jobs.B.good-looking wom
9、en always get the best of everything.C.being attractive is not always an advantage for women.D.attractive women do not do as well as unattractive women in managerial positions.25.Experiments by scientists have shown that when people evaluate individuals on certain attributes(分数:2.00)A.they observe t
10、he principle that beauty is only skin-deep.B.they do not usually act according to the views they support.C.they give ordinary-looking persons the low ratings.D.they tend to base their judgment on the individuals accomplishments.六、Text 2(总题数:5,分数:10.00)26.Brown, Smith and Robinson are(分数:2.00)A.dead
11、friends of the writer.B.people you or I might know.C.living friends of the writer.D.some well-known people.27.The passage tells us that in the dream world there is/are(分数:2.00)A.nothing terrible or delightful.B.only moments of sorrow or terror.C.mysterious anxieties as well as enjoyments.D.only mome
12、nts of peaceful glow or sudden excitement.28.What has the author never understood?(分数:2.00)A.Most people like sneezing or yawing.B.Most people consider dreaming to be all unimportant habit.C.Most people treat sneezing or yawning as an unimportant little habit.D.Most people regard dreaming as an unpl
13、easant little habit.29.As for dreams, we can conclude that(分数:2.00)A.when the author has wonderful dreams, he will be happy for the whole day.B.if the author had too much terrible dreams, he would feel annoyed.C.the author wishes that he could make no fuss about any holiday.D.the author wishes that
14、he could have more strange dreams.30.It can be inferred from the first paragraph that the author is(分数:2.00)A.a child.B.an adult.C.a psychologist.D.a doctor.七、Text 3(总题数:5,分数:10.00)31.The author gives the example of a tollgate in the first paragraph to indicate that(分数:2.00)A.it is an act of robbery
15、.B.it is an impractical plan.C.it will break the law.D.it can make people rich.32.What is the “main question for the poor“ (Line 1, Paragraph 2) according to the passage?(分数:2.00)A.The poor are not the master of themselves.B.The poor fail to see the real power of the operation of capital.C.The poor
16、do not understand that they are buying things they do not need.D.The laborers are always deceived by the rich who pretend to be benefactors.33.The word “fallacy“ (Line 3, Paragraph 1 ) most probably means(分数:2.00)A.incorrect explanations.B.arbitrary decisions.C.reasonable excuses.D.logical errors in
17、 argument.34.It can be inferred from the passage that the author believes(分数:2.00)A.there are few honest businessmen.B.the rich are the same as thieves in their accumulation of wealth.C.robbers are also benefactors to society seen from a different angle.D.equal distribution of property leads to incr
18、ease of consumer demand.35.It can be inferred that the authors attitude toward the early stage of British industrialization should be one of(分数:2.00)A.ambiguity.B.indifference.C.disgust.D.admiration.八、Text 4(总题数:5,分数:10.00)36.Compared to the yearly price changes that actually occurred on foreign agr
19、icultural markets during the 1880s American farmers would have most preferred yearly price changes that were(分数:2.00)A.similar in size but in the opposite direction.B.much smaller and in the same direction.C.much smaller but in the opposite direction.D.slightly greater and in the same direction.37.A
20、ccording to the passage which of the following occurred prior to 1890.9(分数:2.00)A.Frederick J. Turners thesis regarding the American frontier became influential.B.Technological advances made it fruitful to farm extensively on a mechanized basis.C.Direct lines of communication were constructed betwee
21、n the US and South America.D.The Homestead Act led to an increase in the amount of newly farmed land in the US.38.The author implies that the cause of the agrarian discontent was(分数:2.00)A.masked by the vagueness of the official records on newly settled farms.B.overshadowed by disputes on the reliab
22、ility of the existing historical evidence.C.misidentified as a result of influential but erroneous theorizing.D.overlooked because of a preoccupation with market conditions.39.Changes in the conditions of international trade resulted in an(分数:2.00)A.underestimation of the amount of new land that was
23、 being farmed in the US.B.underutilization of relatively small but rich plots of land.C.overexpansion of the world transportation network for agricultural products.D.extension of agrarian depressions beyond national boundaries.40.The author provides information concerning newly farmed lands in the U
24、nited States in paragraph 1 to support(分数:2.00)A.a proposal by Frederick J. Turner that was later disputed by John D. Hicks.B.an elaboration by John D. Hicks of thesis that formerly had been questioned by Turner.C.the thesis that important changes occurred in the nature of international trade during
25、 the second half of the 19th century.D.the view that the American frontier did not become closed during the 19th century or soon thereafter.九、Part B(总题数:0,分数:0.00)十、A Different behavi(总题数:5,分数:10.00)41.(分数:2.00)填空项 1:_42.(分数:2.00)填空项 1:_43.(分数:2.00)填空项 1:_44.(分数:2.00)填空项 1:_45.(分数:2.00)填空项 1:_十一、Par
26、t C(总题数:0,分数:0.00)十二、The biggest danger f(总题数:5,分数:10.00)46.(分数:2.00)_47.(分数:2.00)_48.(分数:2.00)_49.(分数:2.00)_50.(分数:2.00)_十三、Section Writing(总题数:0,分数:0.00)十四、Part A(总题数:1,分数:10.00)51.Directions:Jack Blackman, a good friend of yours is leaving for New York. Write a letter to Tom, a friend in New York
27、 to introduce Jack to him. Write your letter with no less than 100 words. Write it neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter; use “Li Ming“ instead. You do not need to write the address. ( 10 points)(分数:10.00)_十五、Part B(总题数:1,分数:20.00)52.Directions:Write an essay o
28、f 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should first describe the drawing, then interpret its meaning, and give your comment on it.You should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)(分数:20.00)_考研英语-876 答案解析(总分:100.00,做题时间:90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数:0,分数:0.00)二、In so
29、me early attemp(总题数:20,分数:10.00)1.(分数:0.50)A.wrongB.minusC.negative D.unworkable解析:解析 语义衔接题。本题所在句子与前一句相对。前一句提到:当老师告诉学生他的反应是正确的时候,刺激和反应之间的联系就得以加强,得到正面的强化。因此可以判断出本句意思是:如果反应是错误的,两者之间的联系就会被削弱,而得到负面的强化。因此,这里用 negative 符合上下文语义逻辑关系。避错指导 wrong 意为“错误的”,minus 意为“负的,零下”,unworkable 意为“难运转的,不可行的”,这三个词与此处上下文的语义逻辑
30、关系不吻合。2.(分数:0.50)A.incentiveB.responseC.stimulus D.reinforcement解析:解析 语义衔接题。从下一句中的 response 可以看出该句是对 response 这个术语下的定义。根据首句中的 the termsstimulus,responseandreinforcementwere introduced 和下一句中的“在教学环境中,这些术语定义如下”可知,这部分是对 stimulus,response 和 reinforcement 分别做出定义解释。既然本句下一句是对 response 的解释,因此可以推出本句应该是对 stimu
31、lus(刺激,刺激物)所做出的定义。避错指导 incentive 意为“刺激,鼓励”,虽然 incentive 与 stimulus 意思相近,但文章是对心理学名词 stimulus 进行解释,与 incentive 无关;response 意为“反应”,本句的下一句是对 response 的定义,因此本句不可能是解释 response;reinforcement 意为“加强”,根据常识可知 stimulusresponsereinforcement 这是心理学上一系列的反应过程,不能颠倒顺序,另外文章开篇就按照这一顺序提出这几个术语,因此对它们进行解释时,也应该按照这个顺序分别说明。3.(分
32、数:0.50)A.absolutelyB.whollyC.partlyD.fully 解析:解析 语义衔接题。本句句意为:因而反馈有增强人们信心的作用,巩固先前学到的知识,告诉他自己哪一项没有完全掌握。fully 意为“全部地,整地”,这里 fully grasped 表示“完全掌握”之意,符合句意。避错指导 absolutely 意为“绝对地”,不能用来修饰 grasp;wholly 意为“完全地”,表示整体性,而 fully 表示无一遗漏,两者强调的重点不同;partly 意为“部分地,在一定程度上”,这个词放在句中,不符合句子语境。4.(分数:0.50)A.Above allB.In a
33、 wordC.As a resultD.For example 解析:解析 逻辑衔接题。本句前一句指出:他们认为,如果学习者不被告知自己的反应结果,他可能不会继续做出反应。接下来本句中指出:如果他的作业不被定期批改,他就会停止做作业。显然,后一句是对前项内容的具体解释,这里是举例说明,因此适合使用 for example。避错指导 above all 意为“首先,尤其”,如:Above all,I love Tchaikovsky.(首先,我喜欢柴可夫斯基。)in a word 意为“总之”,如:In a word,her condition is greatly improved(总之,她的
34、健康状况大为好转。)as a result 意为“结果”,如:MrFoster has never been to ChinaAs a result he knows very little about it(福斯特先生从未去过中国,所以对中国了解得很少。)5.(分数:0.50)A.instanceB.analysisC.instruction D.advice解析:解析 语义衔接题。本句前一句的句意是:在教学环境中,这些术语可作如下定义。由这句话我们看出下面的内容是对刺激、反应和强化的解释。本句的时间状语从句中提到了老师的几个动作:给出、设定难题、提出问题。在本段第五句中作者又提到:The
35、pupils action,carrying out the instruction,or solving the problem,or answering the question,显然作者这里是指学生按照老师的指令完成任务,因此句中的各动作是对前面老师给出动作的重复。由该句中的 instruction 可以看出这里应该填入 instruction,这是词汇复现。避错指导 instance 意为“实例,例证”,analysis 意为“分析”,advice 意为“建议”。这几个词与句子上下文均没有语义逻辑关系,故应排除。6.(分数:0.50)A.responseB.reactionC.prai
36、seD.feedback 解析:解析 语义衔接题。本句前面的两个句子谈论的是 feedback(反馈),根据本句句首的 Thus 可以判断出,这里与前面的内容是因果关系,显然是承接上文而来,由此判断出,这里还应该填入feedback。避错指导 response 意为“反应”,虽然文章多次提到 response,但是文章最后一段谈论的都是feedback,没有涉及 response;reaction 也意为“反应”,但这个词在文中没有提到,与上下文没有联系;praise 意为“称赞”,虽然这个词放入句中语句通顺,但是没有上下文的承接。7.(分数:0.50)A.approachB.methodC.
37、model D.way解析:解析 词汇辨析题。该句意为:但是教育心理学家现在正慢慢淘汰这种简单的、早期的基础学习过程模式。model 意为“模型,模式”,这里是指前文中提到的 stimulusresponsereinforcement 这一学习过程模式。避错指导 approach 意为“方法,途径”,根据常识可以判断,这种刺激反应强化是心理学中条件反射的模式,不是方法;method 意为“方法”,指详细的、逻辑清楚的计划,way 意为“方法”,是通用词,与 approach 类似,这两个词也不符合句子语境。8.(分数:0.50)A.seen asB.regarded asC.thought a
38、sD.known as 解析:解析 短语辨析题。本句是对 response 所下的定义,句子大意为:学生们执行指令的行为或解决问题,回答问题的行为被称为反应。known as 意为“称为”,这里用于下定义。避错指导 seen as 意为“被视为,看作”,regarded as 意为“被看作”,thought as 意为“被认为”,这三个短语都不用于下定义。9.(分数:0.50)A.decidedB.discussedC.argued D.debated解析:解析 词汇辨析题。本句意为:他们认为,如果学习者不被告知自己的反应结果,他可能不会继续做出反应。argue 意为“认为”,符合上下文语境。
39、避错指导 decide 意为“决定,断定”,从句中的 may 可以看出他们不是百分之百的确定,故排除;discuss 意为“讨论”,后面不能跟 that 宾语从句,显然这个词不符合句子的语法关系;debate 意为“辩论”,常指正式的、公开的争论,本句中没有使用 debate 的语境。10.(分数:0.50)A.simpleB.complex C.particularD.necessary解析:解析 语义衔接题。本句前一句指出:但是教育心理学家现在正慢慢淘汰这种简单的、早期的基础学习过程模式。而本句中的 this description suggests 显然是指前一句中提到的简单的、早期的学
40、习过程模式。既然科学家认为这个简单的模式已经过时了,显然可以判断出现在科学家们所认同的模式比这个模式要复杂,故选择 complex。避错指导 simple 意为“简单的”,本句前一句已经提到了 simple 一词,这里放人此词语句不通;particular 意为“特别的”,necessary 意为“必需的”,句中没有使用这两个词的语境,故排除。11.(分数:0.50)A.however B.thereforeC.furthermoreD.otherwise解析:解析 逻辑衔接题。实际上,从本句的语法结构就可以直接判断出本题的正确选项。however 这个词比较特殊,该词放在句中时必须与前后部分
41、用逗号隔开。将 however 放回句中该句意思为:但是,教育心理学家现在正慢慢淘汰这种基础的学习过程模式。避错指导 therefore 意为“因而”,表示因果关系;furthermore 意为“此外,而且”,表示递进关系;otherwise 意为“否则”,表示选择关系,均不符合该处上下文逻辑关系。12.(分数:0.50)A.clear up B.take upC.make upD.set up解析:解析 短语辨析题。句中指出:反馈能够验证先前学到的知识及与之相关的东西,纠正错误,消除误会,显示不同资料学习情况如何。clear up 意为“消除”,由句中的 correct mistakes 可
42、以判断出clear up 是本题的正确选项,两者属于同一语义场。避错指导 take up 意为“开始从事,专注于”,make up 意为“捏造,虚构”,set up 意为“创立”,这三个短语都不能与 misunderstanding 搭配使用,故不是本题的正确选项。13.(分数:0.50)A.much B.seldomC.neverD.also解析:解析 语义衔接题。本句中的“指代前一句中提到的 feedback。这里是说 feedback 的作用:确定先前学到的知识和与之相关的东西。根据常识可以判断,feedback(反馈)是带有评估性的东西,能够检验学习效果,因此这里应该填入 much,表
43、明在很大程度上能够检验学习效果。避错指导 seldom 意为“很少,不经常”,never 意为“从未,决不”,如果是很少能够验证学习效果,或者根本验证不出,那么就没有反馈的必要,故排除这两项;also 意为“而且,也”,这个词表示递进关系,这里没有递进关系的语境。14.(分数:0.50)A.inquiredB.acquired C.requiredD.requested解析:解析 词汇辨析题。本句句意为:因而反馈有增强人们信心的作用,巩固先前学到的知识。ac- quire 意为“学习,获得”,在这里与 learn 同义。避错指导 inquire 意为“询问”,require 意为“需要,要求”
44、,request 意为“请求”。很明显,这三个词与句意没有关联,故排除。15.(分数:0.50)A.answersB.responds C.retortsD.replies解析:解析 语义衔接题。句中后面出现了 the teacher then tells the pupil if he has responded correctly,可见前面部分的意思是:老师给出指令、设定难题、提出问题,学生以某种方式来回答。因此这里应该填入 respond,与后面的 respond 属于词汇同现。避错指导 answer 意为“回答”,reply 意为“回答”,虽然这两词放在句中也符合句子的语义逻辑关系,但
45、是 respond 可指“对刺激的反应”,常是自发的,或是对引发感情流露的行为的反应。因为这里是研究心理学中的刺激、反应及强化,因此用 respond 更符合上下文语境。retort 意为“反驳,回嘴”,本句中没有使用 retort 这个词的语境。16.(分数:0.50)A.uniteB.consolidateC.reinforce D.associate解析:解析 语义衔接题。本句意思是:反馈不仅仅是正面或负面强化刺激与反应之间的联系。前面反复提到了 stimulus,response 和 reinforcement 三者之间的关系,虽然现在的心理学家不认为这三者之间是原来解释的那种简单的联
46、系,但这个基本的概念还在,这里填入 reinforce 符合上下文语义逻辑关系。避错指导 unite 意为“联合,团结”,consolidate 意为“合并,巩固”,associate 意为“联想”,这三个词与文中提到的“刺激反应强化”这一心理学模式没有关联,故排除。17.(分数:0.50)A.criticizedB.blamedC.omittedD.ignored 解析:解析 词汇辨析题。根据句意可以看出本句还是对前面句子的举例说明,从句中的 brush aside (漠视)及表示并列关系的选择连词 or 可以看出,本题空白处填人的动词应该与 brush aside 意思相近。 neglec
47、t 意为“忽视”,用在句中符合语义逻辑关系。避错指导 criticize 意为“批评,批判”,如果放在句中,由于其程度比 brush aside 严重,因此应放在 or 的后面使用,故该词放在句中不符合语义逻辑关系;blame 意为“责备”,与 criticize 类似,此词也不符合句子语义逻辑关系;omit 意为“省略,遗漏”,指客观上的漏掉,与 neglect 不同,因此不能使用这个词。18.(分数:0.50)A.wordsB.terms C.phrasesD.jargons解析:解析 语义衔接题。文章开篇首句提到:心理学家在最初描述基本的学习过程中就引入了刺激,反应和强化这几个术语。接下来本句中选项前出现了指示代词 these,显然这里是指上句中刚刚提到的名词,从后面的 defined as follows