1、考研英语-772 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)The history of AfricanAmericans during the past 400 years is traditionally narrated (1) an ongoing struggle against (2) and indifference on the part of the American mainstream, and a struggle (3) as an upward movement is (4) tow
2、ard ever more justice and opportunity.Technology in and of (5) is not at fault; its much too simple to say that gunpowder or agricultural machinery or fiber optics (6) been the enemy of an (7) group of people. A certain machine is put (8) work in a certain waythe purpose (9) which it was designed. T
3、he people who design the machines are not intent on unleashing chaos; they are usually trying to (10) a task more quickly, cleanly, or cheaply, (11) the imperative of innovation and efficiency that has ruled Western civilization (12) the Renaissance.Mastery of technology is second only (13) money as
4、 the true measure of accomplishment in this country, and it is very likely that by (14) this under-representation in the technological realm, and by not questioning and examining the folkways that have (15) it, blacks are allowing. (16) to be kept out of the mainstream once again. This time, however
5、, they will be (17) from the greatest cash engine of the twenty-first century. Inner-city blacks in particular are in danger, and the beautiful suburbs (18) ring the decay of Hartford, shed the past and learn to exist without contemplating or encountering the tragedy of the inner city.And blacks mus
6、t change as well. The ways that (19) their ancestors through captivity and coming to freedom have begun to loose their utility. If blacks (20) to survive as full participants in this society, they have to understand what works now.（分数：10.00）A.likeB.asC.forD.withA.charityB.clarityC.cohesionD.oppressi
7、onA.chartingB.chartsC.chartedD.to chartA.progressingB.progressedC.clutchedD.clutchingA.itselfB.themselvesC.ourselvesD.himselfA.haveB.to haveC.hasD.to hasA.entirelyB.enterC.entireD.entranceA.forB.offC.onD.atA.forB.toC.withD.beforeA.envelopB.accomplishC.envelopingD.accomplishingA.followedB.followsC.to
8、 followD.followingA.sinceB.onC.inD.atA.beforeB.toC.withD.fromA.to tolerateB.tolerateC.toleratedD.toleratingA.encounteredB.encounteringC.to encounterD.encountersA.themB.usC.themselvesD.ourselvesA.excludingB.includedC.includingD.excludedA.whereB.thatC.howD.whatA.servicingB.encircleC.encirclingD.served
9、A.isB.wereC.areD.have二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)The increase in global trade means that international companies cannot afford to make costly advertising mistakes if they want to be competitive.Understanding the language and culture of target mar
10、kets in foreign countries is one of the keys to successful international marketing. Too many companies, however, have jumped into foreign markets with embarrassing results.Translation mistakes are at the heart of many blunders in international advertising.General Motors, the US auto manufacturer, go
11、t a costly lesson when it introduced its Chevrolet Nova to the Puerto Rican market. “Nova“ is Latin for “new (star)“ and means “star“ in many languages, but in spoken Spanish it can sound like “nova“, meaning “it doesnt go“. Few people wanted to buy a car with that cursed meaning. When GM changed th
12、e name to Caribe, sales “picked up“ dramatically.Marketing blunders have also been made by food and beverage companies. One American food companys friendly “Jolly Green Giant“ (for advertising vegetables) became something quite different when it was translated into Arabic as “Intimidating Green Ogre
13、“.When translated into German, Pepsis popular slogan, “Come Alive with Pepsi“ came out implying “Come Alive from the Grave“. No wonder customers in Germany didnt rush out to buy Pepsi.Successful international marketing doesnt stop with good translationsother aspects of culture must be researched and
14、 understood if marketers are to avoid blunders.When marketers do not understand and appreciate the values, tastes, geography, climate, superstitions, religion, or economy of a culture, they fail to capture their target market.For example, an American designer tried to introduce a new perfume into th
15、e Latin American market but the product aroused little interest. The main reason was that the camellia used in it was traditionally used for funerals in many South American countries.Having awakened to the special nature of foreign advertising, companies are becoming much more conscientious in their
16、 translations and more sensitive to cultural distinctions.The best way to prevent errors is to hire professional translators who understand the target language and its idiomatic usage, or to use a technique called “back translation“ to reduce the possibility of blunders.The process used one person t
17、o translate a message into the target language and another to translate it back. Effective translators aim to capture the overall message of an advertisement because a word-for-word duplication of the original rarely conveys the intended meaning and often causes misunderstandings.In designing advert
18、isements for other countries, messages need to be short and simple.They should also avoid jokes, since what is considered funny in one part of the world may not be so humorous in another.（分数：10.00）(1).The best title of this passage might be_.（分数：2.00）A.Culture Is Very Important in AdvertisingB.Avoid
19、 Cultural Misunderstanding between NationsC.Overcome Cultural Sock in Different CountriesD.Advertisements Reflect Various Life Styles(2).What does the word “blunder“ mean in this passage?（分数：2.00）A.hesitationB.mistakeC.stutterD.default(3).Which of the following statements can be used to summarize th
20、e gist from Paragraph 3 to Paragraph 6?（分数：2.00）A.Cultural shocksB.Faulty translationsC.Avoid cultural oversightsD.Prevent blunders(4).We can learn from the context in Paragraph 9 that the word “camellia“ most probably mean_.（分数：2.00）A.an animal used in perfume for its smellB.a piece of fabric used
21、both in perfume and at funeralsC.a flower used in perfume for its fragrance and used for funeralsD.an ornament used in perfume and at funerals(5).One way to prevent errors in advertising in different countries is to_.（分数：2.00）A.fire the translators who dont know the target languageB.use the techniqu
22、e called “literal translation“ to reduce the possibility of blundersC.avoid cultural oversights and avoid certain jokesD.explain in details when designing advertisement for other countries五、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：10.00)If there is one thing scientists have to hear, it is that the game is over. Raised on th
23、e belief of an endless voyage of discovery, they recoil from the suggestion that most of the best things have already been located. If they have, todays scientists can hope to contribute no more than a few grace notes to the symphony of science.A book to be published in Britain this week, The End of
24、 Science, argues persuasively that this is the case. Its author, John Horgan, is a senior writer for Scientific American magazine, who has interviewed many of todays leading scientists and science philosophers. The shock of realizing that science might be over came to him, he says, when he was talki
25、ng to Oxford mathematician and physicist Sir Roger Penrose.The End of Science provoked a wave of denunciation in the United States last year. “The reaction has been one of complete shock and disbelief, “Mr. Horgan says.The real question is whether any remaining unsolved problems, of which there are
26、plenty, lend themselves to universal solutions. If they do not, then the focus of scientific discovery is already narrowing. Since the triumphs of the 1960sthe genetic code, plate tectonics, and the microwave background radiation that went a long way towards proving the Big Banggenuine scientific re
27、volutions have been scarce. More scientists are now alive, spending more money on research, that ever. Yet most of the great discoveries of the 19th and 20th centuries were made before the appearance of state sponsorship, when the scientific enterprise was a fraction of its present size.Were the sci
28、entists who made these discoveries brighter than todays? That seems unlikely. A far more reasonable explanation is that fundamental science has already entered a period of diminished returns. “Look, dont get me wrong,“ says Mr Horgan. “There are lots of important things still to study, and applied s
29、cience and engineering can go on for ever. I hope we get a cure for cancer, and for mental disease, though there are few real signs of progress./（分数：10.00）(1).The sentence “most of the best things have already been located“ could mean_.（分数：2.00）A.most of the best things have already been changedB.mo
30、st of the best things remain to be changedC.there have never been so many best things waiting to be discoveredD.most secrets of the world have already been discovered(2).John Horgan_. has published a book entitled The End of Science. has been working as an editor of Scientific American. has been wor
31、king many years as a literary critic. is working as a science writer（分数：2.00）A. and B.C. and D., and (3).There have not been many genuine scientific revolutions in the past few decades because_.（分数：2.00）A.there have been decreased returns in the research of fundamental scienceB.there are too many im
32、portant things for scientists to studyC.applied science and engineering take up too much time and energyD.todays scientists are not as intelligent as those in the past(4).The term “the Big Bang“ probably refers to_.（分数：2.00）A.the genetic code theoryB.a geological theoryC.a theory of the origin of th
33、e universeD.the origin and the power of atomic energy(5).The best title of this passage can be_.（分数：2.00）A.Great Scientific Discoveries Will Never Be PossibleB.The Harsh Challenge Has to Be Met by Modern ScientistsC.The State Sponsorship and Scientific Enterprise Are All in VainD.The Chance for Grea
34、t Scientific Discoveries Becomes Scarce六、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：10.00)When I was a kid, I never knew what my parentsor anyone elsesdid for a living. As far as 1 could tell, all grownups had mysterious jobs that involved drinking lots of coffee and arguing about Richard Nixon. If they had job-related stress
35、, they kept it private. Now American families are expected to be more intimate. While this has resulted in a lot more hugs, “I love yous,“ and attendance at kids football games, unfortunately we parents also insist on sharing the frustrations of our work lives.While we have complained about our jobs
36、 or fallen asleep in car-pool lines, our children have been noticing. They are worried about us. A new survey, “Ask the children, “conducted by the Families and Work Institute of New York City, queried more than 1, 000 kids between the ages of 8 and 18 about their parents work lives. “If you were gr
37、anted one wish to change the way your parents work affected your life,“ the survey asked kids, “what would that wish be?“ Most parents assumed that children would want more time with them, but only 10% did. Instead, the most common wish (among 34%) was that parents would be less stressed and tired b
38、y work.Allison Levin is the mother of three young children and a professional in the growing field of “work/life quality“. Levin counsels employees who are overwhelmed by their work and family obligations to carefully review their commitments-not only at the office but at home and in the community t
39、ooand start paring them down. “Its not about getting up earlier in the morning so you can get more done,“ she says. “Its about saying no and making choices.“We can start by leaving work, and thoughts of work, behind as soon as we start the trip home. Do something to get yourself in a good mood, like
40、 listening to music, rather than returning calls on the cell phone. When you get home, change out of your work clothes, let the answering machine take your calls, and stay away from e-mail. When your kids ask about your day, tell them about something good that happened. (In the survey, 69% of morns
41、said they liked their work, but only 42% of kids thought their mothers really did.)Parents can also de-stress by cutting back on their childrens activities. If keeping up with your kids schedule is killing you, insist that he choose between karate lessons and the theater troupe. Parents should also
42、sneak away from work and family occasionally to have some fun. I keep a basketball in the trunk of my can. I might never be able to fix everything at work or at home, but at least I can work on my jump shot.（分数：10.00）(1).Which of the following sentences can be the best title of this passage?（分数：2.00
43、）A.Kids Say: ChillB.Kids Stress ParentsC.Parents Complain about workD.Parents Get in Good Mood(2).The author mentions her own childhood experience to show that _.（分数：2.00）A.she never understood why her parents had odd jobs and argued about the presidentB.she didnt know what her parents did to earn m
44、oney to support the family when she was youngC.she did understand why the American became more and more close and hugged a lotD.she could see that the American parents keep the stress and tiredness from work to themselves(3).We can infer from the second paragraph that nowadays the children_.（分数：2.00
45、）A.are very anxious about their parents for their hard workB.are looking forward to being with their parentsC.are very considerate about their parentsD.are very ambitious to change their parents work(4).The phrase “paring them down“ in the third paragraph most likely means_.（分数：2.00）A.gathering the
46、work and family duties togetherB.matching the work quality to life qualityC.decreasing the defeating commitmentsD.denying to fulfill their work and family obligations(5).Which of the following is not the way to de-stress the parents heavy burden?（分数：2.00）A.Forgetting about the job as soon as leaving
47、 the office.B.Reducing participating the activities for the office.C.Sharing with the children some happy experience.D.Taking part more actively in community activities.七、Text 4(总题数：1，分数：10.00)“High tech“ and “state of the art“ are two expressions that describe very modern technology. High tech is j
48、ust a shorter way of saying high technology. And high technology describes any invention, system of device that uses the newest ideas or discoveries of science and engineering.What is high tech? A computer is high tech. So is a communications satellite. A modern manufacturing system is surely high t
49、ech.High tech became a popular expression in the United States during the early 1980s. Because of improvements in technology, people could buy many new kinds of products in American stores, such as home computers, microwave ovens, etc.“State of the art“ is something that is as modern as possible. It is a product that is based on the very latest methods and techn01ogy. Something that is “state of the art“ is the newest possible design or product of a business or industry. A state of the art
