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    【考研类试卷】考研英语-586及答案解析.doc

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    【考研类试卷】考研英语-586及答案解析.doc

    1、考研英语-586 及答案解析(总分:100.00,做题时间:90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数:0,分数:0.00)二、In his 1979 book, Th(总题数:20,分数:10.00)1.(分数:0.50)A.disappearedB.would disappearC.will disappearD.would have disappeared2.(分数:0.50)A.ratherB.asC.butD.except3.(分数:0.50)A.unknownsB.unbalancedsC.inappropriatesD.irrelevants4.(分数:0.50

    2、)A.selectionB.differenceC.diversityD.variety5.(分数:0.50)A.an averageB.a numberC.a sumD.an amount6.(分数:0.50)A.equationB.calculationC.coordinationD.classification7.(分数:0.50)A.distortedB.achievedC.magnifiedD.overstated8.(分数:0.50)A.underplayB.underrateC.understateD.undermine9.(分数:0.50)A.In additionB.ButC

    3、.InsteadD.As a result10.(分数:0.50)A.plotB.blockC.patchD.piece11.(分数:0.50)A.beforeB.althoughC.asD.since12.(分数:0.50)A.facultyB.optionC.prospectD.profession13.(分数:0.50)A.whereB.whatC.asD.from14.(分数:0.50)A.high-productionB.low-productionC.high-yieldD.low-yield15.(分数:0.50)A.noB.possibleC.imminentD.constan

    4、t16.(分数:0.50)A.extinctionB.extinctiveC.extinctD.extinguished17.(分数:0.50)A.which timeB.which partsC.how longD.how severe18.(分数:0.50)A.anywhere nearB.somewhere nearC.anytime whenD.something like19.(分数:0.50)A.heavilyB.randomlyC.sparselyD.thickly20.(分数:0.50)A.extinctB.endangeredC.rareD.warned三、Section R

    5、eading Co(总题数:0,分数:0.00)四、Part A(总题数:0,分数:0.00)五、Text 1(总题数:5,分数:10.00)21.The example mentioned in paragraph 3 shows that(分数:2.00)A.largely reducing staff is not wise.B.cost cutting is not necessary.C.customers are not taken seriously.D.flight attendants are overloaded by FAA.22.Aviation experts bel

    6、ieve that the customer service of the major airlines(分数:2.00)A.is of little importance.B.is close to that of low cost carriers.C.decides whether they will survive.D.should not be ignored.23.The employees might think, if airline delay is to be avoided, the key factor is(分数:2.00)A.cost-cutting.B.sophi

    7、sticated workers.C.high-spirited crew.D.good customer service.24.Airline delays may result in(分数:2.00)A.Christmas baggage meltdown.B.the sharp reduction of flights.C.airline companies bankruptcy.D.the interruption of passenger flow.25.In the eyes of Green, United Airlines(分数:2.00)A.is not experienci

    8、ng a difficult time.B.faces rising customer demands.C.has fewer opponents after 9/11.D.provides good service despite fewer workers.六、Text 2(总题数:5,分数:10.00)26.It is broadly accepted that by the First Amendment, cloning experiments should be(分数:2.00)A.funded by the government.B.restricted by laws.C.pr

    9、otected to some extent.D.discussed thoroughly.27.The views of Kass and O. T.A. on cloning research are(分数:2.00)A.identical.B.similar.C.complementary.D.opposite.28.Which of the following is strongly against cloning research?(分数:2.00)A.The National Institutes of Health.B.The federal government.C.The s

    10、upreme court.D.Congresss office of Technology Assessment.29.The word “it“ (Line 8, Para. 2) most probably refers to(分数:2.00)A.the First Amendment.B.cloning experiment.C.the US government.D.recombinant DNA.30.The author considers that in the case of cloning experiments, the First Amendment(分数:2.00)A.

    11、plays a crucial supporting role.B.derives from scientific development.C.is highly spoken of by the government.D.ignores the danger of a restless society.七、Text 3(总题数:5,分数:10.00)31.What does the author mean by saying “If people werent so busy, would they be a poet, a painter“ ?(分数:2.00)A.It will take

    12、 pains to become an artist as poet or painter.B.Life will become tedious if people are not so busy.C.Poets and painters are usually considered to be idle.D.People may fulfill their personal dreams if not so busy.32.The author would describe the Reisses life as(分数:2.00)A.crazy and meaningless.B.tedio

    13、us but orderly.C.hasty and messy.D.busy but sensible.33.As for their children, parents are supposed by Darrah to(分数:2.00)A.involve them in volunteer work as much as they can.B.teach them how to arrange their schedule.C.give them sufficient spare time.D.make full arrangement for their after-school ti

    14、me.34.The example of the publicist is used to show most peoples(分数:2.00)A.enthusiasm for diligence.B.chaos in their schedule.C.desire to achieve too much.D.hardships in daily life.35.In Darrahs opinion, people should(分数:2.00)A.abandon things of little importance.B.take on things they believe they ca

    15、n do.C.get rid of their selfish greed.D.avoid some exhausting tasks.八、Text 4(总题数:5,分数:10.00)36.Which of the following may archaeologists currently place least importance on?(分数:2.00)A.The economy.B.The environment.C.Peoples daily life.D.A single site.37.Which of the following can NOT reduce the reli

    16、ance upon excavation?(分数:2.00)A.The apply of radio carbon dating.B.More acquisition of artifacts,C.Emergence of processual archaeology.D.Development of surface survey technique.38.The example in Egypt and Italy shows that(分数:2.00)A.surviving material culture is easy to understand.B.museums am not ca

    17、pable of preserving so many items.C.archaeology is not a high priority in both countries.D.further excavation might be unnecessary.39.Why does the conclusion dram from Bahns words seem contradictory?(分数:2.00)A.More analysis can be done with less samples.B.Excavation diminishes with improved technolo

    18、gy.C.Better materials can be obtained from painstaking excavation.D.Excavation is time-consuming but fruitless.40.We can infer from the passage that(分数:2.00)A.excavators have been replaced by specialist analysers.B.research design comes into being with changes in archaeology.C.field work in the past

    19、 possesses a strategic nature.D.processual archaeology makes excavation lose its function.九、Part B(总题数:0,分数:0.00)十、A Although it does(总题数:5,分数:10.00)41.(分数:2.00)填空项 1:_42.(分数:2.00)填空项 1:_43.(分数:2.00)填空项 1:_44.(分数:2.00)填空项 1:_45.(分数:2.00)填空项 1:_十一、Part C(总题数:0,分数:0.00)十二、To avoid the various(总题数:5,分数

    20、:10.00)46.(分数:2.00)_47.(分数:2.00)_48.(分数:2.00)_49.(分数:2.00)_50.(分数:2.00)_十三、Section Writing(总题数:0,分数:0.00)十四、Part A(总题数:1,分数:10.00)51.You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming“ instead. You do not need to write the address.(分数

    21、:10.00)_十五、Part B(总题数:1,分数:20.00)52. (分数:20.00)_考研英语-586 答案解析(总分:100.00,做题时间:90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数:0,分数:0.00)二、In his 1979 book, Th(总题数:20,分数:10.00)1.(分数:0.50)A.disappearedB.would disappear C.will disappearD.would have disappeared解析:would disappear。语法测试点为过去将来时。这个句子中 that one million species

    22、.是estimated 的宾语从句。主句动词用一般过去时,宾语从句中表示将来的动词应用过去将来时。很多同学误选D,注意此处不是虚拟语气。2.(分数:0.50)A.ratherB.asC.but D.except解析:but 而是。not.but.不是而是。句意:国际农业研究顾问小组认为,毁坏热带森林的,不是商业砍伐,而是“那些穷苦农民,为养家糊口,他们别无选择只能对森林胡砍乱烧。”3.(分数:0.50)A.unknowns B.unbalancedsC.inappropriatesD.irrelevants解析:unknowns 未知。unbalanceds 不平衡;inappropriate

    23、s 不适当;irrelevants 不相关。这里应选与imponderable(难以衡量的事物)意思相近的词,只有 unknowns 最合适。4.(分数:0.50)A.selectionB.differenceC.diversity D.variety解析:diversity 多样性。selection 选择;difference 区别;variety 变化,多样性。diversity 强调差异,而 variety 强调变化。生物多样性的固定表达法为 bio-diversity(=biological diversity)。句意:许多科学家认为生物的多样性十分重要。5.(分数:0.50)A.a

    24、n average B.a numberC.a sumD.an amount解析:an average 平均数。number 数字;sum 总数,金额;amount 数量。a sum of 意为“一笔”,一般后面接金钱,也可接其他不可数名词。an amount of 意为“许多”,后接不可数名词。根据后面出现的each day 可以确定应用 an average。句意:生物学家诺曼迈尔斯在其 1979 年所著的正在沉没的方舟中估计每天人为原因造成的物种灭绝超过 100 种,到本世纪末会有 i00 万个物种灭绝。6.(分数:0.50)A.equation B.calculationC.coord

    25、inationD.classification解析:这里是指由物种(species)与面积(area)两者的变量关系,也就是以两者为变量的方程式,故“equation“正确。像这种指明两个变量(species 和 area)的关系,只能用“equation“,不能用“calculation 计算“或“coordination 协调”。“claasification“意为“分类”,放在这里明显不合适。句意:例如,许多人的评估主要是根据“物种一面积方程”,由它可以推出 100 平方英里内的物种是 10平方英里的两倍。7.(分数:0.50)A.distortedB.achieved C.magnif

    26、iedD.overstated解析:achieved(by)通过获得的/得到的。distorted(by)被扭曲了的:magnified(by)被放大了的;overstated (by)被夸大了的。supposed 据说的,所谓的;improbable 不大可能发生的,如;an improbable event 不可信的事件;imponderable 无法衡量的,无法估计的,如:an imponderable event无法估量的事件;multiply 增加,放大。本句是讨论那些关于灭绝率的猜测是如何得来的,因此用“achieved“。句意:然而,人们臆断的大量物种的灭绝率是通过这一公式得出来

    27、的:未知 x 不可能=无法估计。8.(分数:0.50)A.underplayB.underrate C.understateD.undermine解析:underrate 低估。underplay 使没有充分发挥作用;understate 保守地说;undermine 破坏。resilience 复原能力,弹力。understate 是指没有充分表达实情或者有意识地轻描淡写地陈述,而underrate 表示对评价过低(低估,估计过低)。根据上下文,underrate 与前文的 estimate 相呼应。9.(分数:0.50)A.In addition B.ButC.InsteadD.As a

    28、result解析:In addition 另外。语篇关系题,上一段谈到一个问题,这一段又谈到另外一个问题,因此应用表示补充说明的关联词,But 但是;Instead 代替,而足;As a result 结果,因此。句意:另外,波多黎各热带森林研究所主任阿莱尔卢戈还说,生物学家高估物种灭绝速度的同时也低估了自然界的恢复力。10.(分数:0.50)A.plotB.blockC.patch D.piece解析:patch。这几个选项都有表示“块”的意思。plot 一小块,如:garden plot 一小块花园;block块,如:a block of stone 一块石头;piece 块,如:a pi

    29、ece of land 一块地。一小片森林常见的说法是 a patch of forint。11.(分数:0.50)A.beforeB.althoughC.asD.since 解析:since 自从。这个部分为时间状语从句,意为“自从以来”。although 意为“尽管”,用来引导让步状语从句。 before 和 as 虽可引导时间状语从句,但在此处与题意不符。由 since 引导的从句一般用过去时,主句谓语用现在完成时。12.(分数:0.50)A.facultyB.option C.prospectD.profession解析:option 选择。have no option but to(

    30、do)除了以外没有他法,只好:,faculty 才能;prospect 前景;profession 职业。根据上下文,只有 option 最符合题意。13.(分数:0.50)A.whereB.whatC.as D.from解析:as。注意 twice as many as 被分开了。看到前面有 twice/X times as 时就应想到后面应有 as 引导的被比较成分。14.(分数:0.50)A.high-productionB.low-productionC.high-yield D.low-yield解析:high-yield 高产的。句意:在高产的现代化农业的国家里,森林没有丝毫危险。

    31、high-production高产,大量生产。yield 意为“产量,收成,收益”,农作物的产量和收成用 yield;production 生产,产品,作品,(研究)成果。15.(分数:0.50)A.no B.possibleC.imminentD.constant解析:no 没有。如:They finished the task in no time,他们没用多少时间就完成了任务。根据上文,农业高产就不会有农民毁坏森林,因而这些国家森林就没有丝毫危险了。16.(分数:0.50)A.extinction B.extinctiveC.extinctD.extinguished解析:extinct

    32、ion。“灭绝率”英文要用 extinction rates,不能用 extinct。类似用法:建设银行Construction Bank;说明书 instruction book。extinctive 使消灭的;extinguished 熄灭的。17.(分数:0.50)A.which timeB.which parts C.how longD.how severe解析:which parts 哪些区域。因为物种不是随机分布,有的地区物种可能多些,而有些地区可能少些,因此,森林被毁坏的区域也很重要。其他三个选项不符文意。18.(分数:0.50)A.anywhere near B.somewhe

    33、re nearC.anytime whenD.something like解析:anywhere near 接近于。little 表示否定,可排除“somewhere near”和“something like“。anywhere 可以表示数量不确定,大概在之间,故 A 项正确,这里是指数量上的关系,而不是时间的关系,因此不能用 anytime when。句意:不过并没有什么证据表明已灭绝的物种接近这个数目。19.(分数:0.50)A.heavilyB.randomly C.sparselyD.thickly解析:randomly 随机地。句意:但问题是,因为物种并不是随机分布的,所以森林被毁

    34、的程度与被毁的区域是同等重要。sparsely 稀疏地;thickly 厚实地;heavily 沉重地。20.(分数:0.50)A.extinctB.endangered C.rareD.warned解析:endangered(生命等)有危险的,有灭绝危险的。extinct 已绝种的,已灭绝的;rare 稀有的,珍贵的。句意:例如,自 1973 年制定濒危物种名单以来,其中仅有 7 个物种已经灭绝。“濒危物种”的英文说法是“endangered species“。三、Section Reading Co(总题数:0,分数:0.00)四、Part A(总题数:0,分数:0.00)五、Text 1

    35、(总题数:5,分数:10.00)21.The example mentioned in paragraph 3 shows that(分数:2.00)A.largely reducing staff is not wise. B.cost cutting is not necessary.C.customers are not taken seriously.D.flight attendants are overloaded by FAA.解析:本题问第三段中的例子说明什么。第三段中提到“So some passengers have found themselves without a c

    36、ustomer-service agent to talk to.”,表明裁员造成乘客服务质量的下降。“.their crew of flight attendants has already worked as long as the FAA would allow them to”人员减少使得员工工作时间延长。“Theyve cut employees to such a degree that they dont have enough employees to do the job and serve the customers properly“说明大量的裁员导致人手不足;其结果是不

    37、能完成工作任务及为旅客提供良好的服务,故 A“大量裁员是不明智的“正确。 B成本削减是不必要的:例子中所强调的是人员短缺所引起的后果,所以只能说裁员不明智,不能说任何成本削减都没必要。 C乘客没有被认真地对待:文中员工无暇顾及乘客服务是由于人手不足造成的而不是员工的工作态度。 DFAA 使航班人员超负荷工作:第三段第六句提到“.their crew of flight attendants has already worked as long as the FAA would allow them to“,说明员工的工作时间已达到 FAA 所允许的极限。正是由于有了 FAA 制定的工作负荷极限

    38、,才使得超负荷工作的现象没有出现。22.Aviation experts believe that the customer service of the major airlines(分数:2.00)A.is of little importance.B.is close to that of low cost carriers.C.decides whether they will survive.D.should not be ignored. 解析:本题问民航专家对大航空公司旅客服务的看法。文中提到,你在飞机上所受的待遇和你下一次选乘哪家航空公司的班机有很大关系。这是强调服务质量的重要

    39、。然后又说,虽然说服务不能代表一切(be-all),或者终结一切(end-all),服务不好也不会使航空公司破产,但当公司处于困境时,服务不好就帮不上什么大忙,这在婉转之中也道出了服务的重要。总之,客服虽然不能起决定性作用,但也起重大作用。因此 D“不应该被忽视”正确。 A不重要:和文意相反。 D和廉价航空公司的服务接近:文中说的是大航空公司的票价和廉价航空公司很接近,和旅客服务属于不同范畴。C将决定公司能否生存下去:语气过重。23.The employees might think, if airline delay is to be avoided, the key factor is(分

    40、数:2.00)A.cost-cutting.B.sophisticated workers.C.high-spirited crew. D.good customer service.解析:本题问雇员认为避免航班延误的关键因素可能是什么。第二段说,“But airline employees see a deeper reason for both the increase in delays.:a demoralized and frustrated workforce thats being asked to do more even as its getting paid less“,因

    41、此解决问题的关键因素是提高员工情绪,故C“情绪高涨的员工“正确。 A削减成本:第三段第一句说,“The airlines and unions are quick to praise their workers for.carrying the brunt of the cost cutting“。降低成本是造成员工情绪低落的原因之一,要加大投入才有助于问题的解决。 B熟练员工:常识上认为熟练员工可以提高工作效率从而解决航班延误问题,但雇员认为造成航班延误的根本原因是员工的情绪低落而不是员工的工作熟练程度。 D良好的客服:雇员并未提及客服与航班延误有什么关系。24.Airline delays

    42、 may result in(分数:2.00)A.Christmas baggage meltdown.B.the sharp reduction of flights.C.airline companies bankruptcy.D.the interruption of passenger flow. 解析:本题问航班延误可能导致的结果。第一段末句“.the combination of which left hundreds of thousands of fliers stranded at airports”说明航班延误使旅客滞留在机场。故D“旅客流动的中断”正确。 A圣诞包裹积压;

    43、B航班锐减:因果倒置。 C航空公司破产:过于严重,属过度推理。25.In the eyes of Green, United Airlines(分数:2.00)A.is not experiencing a difficult time.B.faces rising customer demands.C.has fewer opponents after 9/11.D.provides good service despite fewer workers. 解析:本题问 Green 对联合航空公司的看法。第四段“.there are fewer employees,.United has ha

    44、d its best on-time performance in the past two years and that internal gauges of customer satisfaction are up”“What our employees are going through is not having an effect on our customer service.”说明在 Green 看来,人员的减少并未对客户服务工作造成干扰。故D“虽然人员减少但仍能提供良好的服务”正确。 A没有处在困难时期:第四段第二句“.the major carriers have shrun

    45、k significantly since 9/11”第三句“. the airline also has far fewer flight”都说明民航业正处于一个比较困难的时期。 B面对着旅客提出的越来越高的要求:第四段第四句提到“.internal gauges of customer satisfaction are up.” (旅客满意的内部标准提高了),这里指的是民航公司对旅客满意度评估的标准提高了,而不是说旅客提出更高要求。 C在 9/11 之后对手变少:第四段第二句“.the major carriers have shrunk significantly since 9/11”

    46、,说明整个民航业都受到影响而“缩水”,而不是对手减少。六、Text 2(总题数:5,分数:10.00)26.It is broadly accepted that by the First Amendment, cloning experiments should be(分数:2.00)A.funded by the government.B.restricted by laws.C.protected to some extent. D.discussed thoroughly.解析:本题问人们普遍认为,根据第一修正案克隆研究应该怎样。第二段指出“But the notion that th

    47、e First Amendment creates a right to research.”表明修正案提出了一项研究的权利,文章多次提到很多机构和个人都认为克隆研究应受到修正案的保护,因此C“在某种程度上被保护”正确。 A政府资助;D被充分讨论:在文中都没有提及。 B)被法律所限制:正好与文章意思相反,故错。27.The views of Kass and O. T.A. on cloning research are(分数:2.00)A.identical.B.similar.C.complementary.D.opposite. 解析:本题问 Kass 和 O.T.A. 对克隆研究的态度怎样。第二段提到“But the notion that the First Amendment creates aright to res


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