1、考研英语-582 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)No one doubts the power of the media, and no one doubts the media is useful to those in power. Newspapers have vast (1) compared with any other published print, they are published frequently, and are (2) through wide distributio
2、n networks. For most people, they (3) the most substantial consumption of printed discourse (语段). (4) the powerful in society should attempt to control and influence them is (5) question.(6) there is also a conflicting myth of the freedom of the press, that journalists are free to give an objective
3、(7) of anything they think newsworthy. And that, (8) journalists on a particular newspaper may be constrained (限制) about what they can report, the reader has a choice because of the variety of newspapers on (9) Newspapers in this regard have been (10) as the third estate, an essential ingredient of
4、democracy; the information they give is (11) to be sufficiently important and trustworthy to allow voters to make judgments about the record of the political parties (12) elections and to make informed decisions about which party to (13) .Lord Northcliffe, the newspaper owner, once said that real ne
5、ws is something (14) somewhere wants to hide, and that all the rest is advertising. He obviously saw the (15) of the press as a watchdog for any inefficiency, irrationality, injustice, corruption of scandalous (丑恶可耻的) behavior for which those in power may have been (16) However the press as we know
6、it has been hi-jacked by those with political and economic power. First, they have done this through ownership. Second, they have done so by the dependence of newspapers on advertising. Third, they have (17) the ambiguities in what is newsworthy to their own (18) And lastly they dominate the way the
7、 world is represented in the news since they are gatekeepers controlling the (19) of the news and are being (20) quoted in it.（分数：10.00）A.circuitsB.circulationsC.dispatchesD.cyclesA.accessibleB.affordableC.abundantD.approachableA.consistB.instituteC.constructD.constituteA.WhatB.HowC.ThatD.WhyA.inB.b
8、eyondC.withoutD.besideA.ThusB.MeanwhileC.AlthoughD.HoweverA.accountB.editorialC.statementD.commentA.only ifB.if onlyC.as long asD.even ifA.displayB.offerC.exhibitD.showA.put asideB.taken overC.looked down uponD.held upA.countedB.speculatedC.supposedD.estimatedA.contestingB.competingC.contendingD.hos
9、tingA.go in forB.fall back onC.make forD.vote forA.anyoneB.someoneC.everyoneD.nobodyA.postB.featureC.vehicleD.roleA.responsibleB.conscientiousC.attributableD.guiltyA.exploredB.probedC.clarifiedD.exploitedA.destinationsB.endsC.objectsD.initiativesA.sourcesB.resourcesC.causesD.facilitiesA.instantlyB.p
10、resumablyC.ultimatelyD.constantly二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Right after the global financial crisis exploded in 2008, many economists fretted that countries looking to hold on to their share of a shrinking pie would become more self-interested a
11、nd protectionist, plunging the planet into an even sharper downturn, just as happened in the 1930s after the Great Depression. Thanks to panic-fueled crisis management by policymakers, it didnt happen. But after three years of pain and very little economic gain, it may be happening now.The signs are
12、 everywhere. Europeans are in the middle of a potentially calamitous debt crisis, one that threatens not only the survival of the euro zone but the idea of the European Union itself: politicians are starting to talk about rolling back visa-free travel between countries. Meanwhile, OPEC is falling ap
13、art as the Saudis and the Iranians quarrel over how to control the worlds energy supply. Then theres the rise of populist politics not only in the U. S. but throughout the rest of the world.All of this underscores the point that globalization, if we define it as the free movement of goods, people an
14、d money, was never all it was cracked up to be. The world is just not as flat as pundits would have us think. More than half of global trade, investment and migration still takes place within regionsmuch of it between neighboring countries. Canada is the U.S.s biggest trading partner. Some 800% of g
15、lobal stock-market investment, for example, is in companies that are headquartered in the investors home country. Exports make up only about a quarter of the global economy. Less than 20% of Internet traffic crosses national borders, and so on. The world is becoming more unified, but if anything, it
16、s becoming more fragmented.Some of this reflects the fact that rich countries, especially the U. S., are still much more provincial than you might think, and the political trend in an economic downturn is to become more sowitness the rise of anti-immigrant rhetoric, and the like. Even multinational
17、corporations, those global emissaries of American capitalism, could be a lot more diverse. Only 7% of the directors of FORTUNE 500 firms are foreigners.But greater economic and political fragmentation is also, ironically, a ripple effect of globalization. As wealth and power have shifted to the emer
18、ging markets, those nations now have the money and confidence to call their own shotsand their calls tend to be quite different from those we would make. Already this is reflected in company and consumer behavior. Firms like Hermes, General Motors, Levi Strauss and Coca-Cola rigorously tailor produc
19、ts specifically for emerging-market consumers.The big-picture implications are more profound. As developing countries become wealthier and vie for a better seat on the global stage, they are often at odds not only with rich nations but also with each other. That doesnt mean globalizations a bust. In
20、 fact, more of itin the form of freer markets, lower trade barriers and unfettered immigrationwould help alleviate tensions by growing the economic pie.（分数：10.00）(1).The word “it“ in the last sentence of the first paragraph refers to（分数：2.00）A.the deeper recession of the economy.B.the rise of protec
21、tionism in the world.C.the crisis fueled by the financial panic.D.an economic crisis like the Great Depression.(2).Some trade statistics are mentioned in the third paragraph to make the point that（分数：2.00）A.global economy is well on its way to full recovery.B.regional economic recovery usually prece
22、des global recovery.C.globalization is not achieving the goal it sets for itself.D.investment usually goes regional before it goes international.(3).One of the signs that globalization has led to greater economic fragmentation is that（分数：2.00）A.America begins to implement a tighter immigration polic
23、y.B.only 7% of FORTUNE 500 firms shareholders are foreigners.C.global companies have to adapt their products to local needs.D.Coca-Cola has to rigorously control the products sold to developing countries.(4).The author seems to believe that increased globalization（分数：2.00）A.does more to fragment the
24、 world than unifying it.B.makes the world more politically stable and secure.C.heightens the tension between rich and developing countries.D.will prevent the global economy from a sharper downturn.(5).The best title for the text is（分数：2.00）A.Why the World Isnt Getting Smaller.B.How Globalization Has
25、 Changed the World.C.What Measures; Are Taken to Save the World.D.In Which Direction Globalization Is Going.五、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Massive changes in all of the worlds deeply cherished sporting habits are underway. Whether its one of Londons parks full of people playing softball, and Russians takin
26、g up rugby, or the Superbowl rivaling the British Football Cup Final as a televised spectator event in Britain, the patterns of players and spectators are changing beyond recognition. We are witnessing a globalization of our sporting culture.That annual bicycle race, the Tour de France, much loved b
27、y the French is a good case in point. Just a few years back it was a strictly continental affair with France, Belgium and Holland, Spain and Italy taking part. But in recent years it has been dominated by Colombian mountain climbers, and American and Irish riders. The people who really matter welcom
28、e the shift toward globalization. Peugeot, Michelin and Panasonic are multi-national corporations that want worldwide returns for the millions they invest in teams. So it does them literally a world of good to see this unofficial world championship become just that.This is undoubtedly an economic-ba
29、sed revolution we are witnessing here, one made possible by communications technology, but made to happen because of marketing considerations. Sell the game and you can sell Coca Cola or Budweiser as well.The skilful way in which American football has been sold to Europe is a good example of how all
30、 sports will develop. The aim of course is not really to spread the sport for its own sake, but to increase the number of people interested in the major money-making events. The economics of the Superbowl are already astronomical. With seats at US $125, gate receipts alone were a staggering $10,000,
31、000. The most important statistic of the day, however, was the $100,000,000 in TV advertising fees. Imagine how much that becomes when the eyes of the world are watching.So it came as a terrible shock, but not really as a surprise, to learn that some people are now suggesting that soccer change from
32、 being a game of two 45-minute halves, to one of four 25-minute quarters. The idea is unashamedly to capture more advertising revenue, without giving any thought for the integrity of a sport which relies for its essence on the flowing nature of the action.Moreover, as sports expand into world market
33、s, and as our choice of sports as consumers also grows, so we will demand to see them played at a higher and higher level. In boxing we have already seen numerous, dubious world title categories because people will not pay to see anything less than a “World Title“ fight, and this means that the titl
34、e fights have to be held in different countries around the world!（分数：10.00）(1).Globalization of sporting culture means that（分数：2.00）A.more people are taking up sports.B.traditional sports are getting popular.C.many local sports are becoming international.D.foreigners are more interested in local spo
35、rts.(2).Which of the following is NOT related to the massive changes?（分数：2.00）A.Good economic returns.B.Revival of traditional games.C.Communications technology.D.Marketing strategies.(3).As is used in the passage, “globalization“ comes closest in meaning to（分数：2.00）A.commercialization.B.popularizat
36、ion.C.speculation.D.standardization.(4).What is the authors attitude towards the suggestion to change soccer into one of four 25-minute quarters?（分数：2.00）A.Favorable.B.Unclear.C.Reserved.D.Critical.(5).People want to see higher-level sports competitions mainly because（分数：2.00）A.they become more prof
37、essional than ever.B.they regard sports as consumer goods.C.there exist few world-class championships.D.sports events are exciting and stimulating.六、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Who is poor in America? This is a hard question to answer. Despite povertys messiness, weve measured progress against it by a sin
38、gle statistic: the federal poverty line. In 2008, the poverty threshold was $ 21,834 for a four-member family with two children under 18. By 1his measure, we havent made much progress. Except for recessions, when the poverty rate can rise to 15 percent, its stayed in a narrow range for decades. In 2
39、007the peak of the last business cyclethe poverty rate was 12.5 percent; one out of eight Americans was “poor. “ In 1969, another business-cycle peak, the poverty rate was 12.1 percent. But the apparent lack of progress is misleading for two reasons.First, it ignores immigration. Many immigrants are
40、 poor and low skilled. They add to the poor. From 1989 to 2007, about three quarters of the increase in the poverty population occurred among Hispanicsmostly immigrants, their children, and grandchildren. The poverty rate for blacks fell during this period, though it was still much too high (24.5 pe
41、rcent in 2007). Poverty “experts“ dont dwell on immigration, because it implies that more restrictive policies might reduce U.S. poverty.Second, the poors material well-being has improved. The official poverty measure obscures this by counting only pretax cash income and ignoring other sources of su
42、pport. These include the earned-income tax credit (a rebate to low-income workers), food stamps, health insurance (Medicaid), and housing subsidies. Although many poor live hand to mouth, theyve participated in rising living standards. In 2005, 91 percent had microwaves, 79 percent air-conditioning,
43、 and 48 percent cell phones.The existing poverty line could be improved by adding some income sources and subtracting some expenses (example: child care). Unfortunately, the administrations proposal for a “supplemental poverty measure“ in 2011to complement, not replace, the existing poverty linegoes
44、 beyond that. The new poverty number would compound public confusion. It also raises questions about whether the statistic is tailored to favor a political agenda.The “supplemental measure“ ties the poverty threshold to what the poorest third of Americans spend on food, housing, clothing, and utilit
45、ies. The actual threshold not yet calculatedwill probably be higher than todays poverty line. Moreover, this definition has strange consequences. Suppose that all Americans doubled their income tomorrow, and suppose that their spending on food, clothing, housing, and utilities also doubled. That wou
46、ld seem to signify less povertybut not by the new poverty measure. It wouldnt decline, because the poverty threshold would go up as spending went up. Many Americans would find this weird., people get richer, but “poverty“ stays stuck.What produces this outcome is a different view of poverty. The pre
47、sent concept is an absolute one: the poverty threshold reflects the amount estimated to meet basic needs. By contrast, the new measure embraces a relative notion of poverty: people are automatically poor if theyre a given distance from the top, even if their incomes are increasing.（分数：10.00）(1).That
48、 the poverty rate does not vary much（分数：2.00）A.shows that Americans are relatively rich.B.does not mean that Americans arent getting richer.C.means that no progress has been made for decades.D.shows that Americans are not getting richer.(2).Poverty experts are reluctant to talk about immigration bec
49、ause（分数：2.00）A.they may be immigrants or children of immigrants.B.they dont admit that blacks have improved their life.C.poverty has been reduced through restrictive policies.D.they may be taken as opponents to free immigration policies.(3).The author thinks the existing poverty line（分数：2.00）A.is a faithful measure of poverty.B.is not adequate as a measure.C.is not as good as the supplemental measure.D.should have been discarded long ago.(4).The new measure will show that, if Americans double their income and spending,（分数：2.00）A.their living standards
