1、考研英语-555 (1)及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Whats your earliest childhood memory? Can you remember learning to walk? Or talk? The first time you heard thunder or watched a television program? Adults seldom (1) events much earlier than the year or so before entering sch
2、ool, (2) children younger than three or four (3) retain any specific, personal experiences.A variety of explanations have been (4) by psychologists for this “childhood amnesia“. One argues that the hippo-campus; the region of the brain which is (5) for forming memories, does not mature until about t
3、he age of two. But the most popular theory (6) that, since adults dont think like children, they cannot (7) childhood memories. Adults think in words, and their life memories are like stories or (8) one event follows (9) as in a novel or film. But when they search through their mental (10) for early
4、 childhood memories to add to this verbal life story, they dont find any that fit the (11) . Its like trying to find a Chinese word in an English dictionary.Now psychologist Annette Simms of the New York State University offers a new (12) for childhood amnesia. She argues that there simply arent any
5、 early childhood memories to (13) . According to Dr. Simms, children need to learn to use someone elses spoken description of their personal (14) in order to turn their own short-term, quickly forgotten (15) of them into long-term memories. In other (16) , children have to talk about their experienc
6、es and hear others talk about (17) -Mother talking about the afternoon (18) looking for seashells at the beach or Dad asking them about their day at Ocean Park. Without this (19) reinforcement, says Dr. Simms, children cannot form (20) memories of their personal experiences.Notes: childhood amnesia
7、儿童失忆症。（分数：10.00）A.figureB.interpretC.recallD.affirmA.now thatB.even ifC.as thoughD.just asA.largelyB.rarelyC.merelyD.reallyA.refutedB.defiedC.proposedD.witnessedA.responsibleB.suitableC.favorableD.availableA.declinesB.assessesC.estimatesD.maintainsA.reflectB.attainC.accessD.acquireA.narrativesB.fore
8、castsC.communicationsD.descriptionsA.the restB.anotherC.the otherD.othersA.depositsB.dreamsC.flashesD.filesA.modelB.patternC.frameD.formulaA.emphasisB.assertionC.explanationD.assumptionA.recallB.rememberC.reflectD.respondA.instinctsB.feelingsC.sensationsD.experiencesA.impressionsB.beliefsC.mindsD.in
9、sightsA.sensesB.casesC.wordsD.aspectsA.himB.theirC.itD.themA.takenB.utilizedC.appliedD.spentA.habitualB.verbalC.uniqueD.particularA.permanentB.mentalC.spiritualD.conscious二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)However important we may regard school life to
10、be, there is no denying the fact that children spend more time at home than in the classroom. Therefore, the great influence of parents cannot be ignored or discounted by the teacher. They can become strong allies of the school personnel or they can consciously or unconsciously hinder and frustrate
11、curricular objectives.Administrators have been aware of the need to keep parents informed of the newer methods used in schools. Many principals have conducted workshops explaining such matters as the reading readiness program, manuscript writing and developmental mathematics.Moreover, the classroom
12、teacher, with the permission of the supervisors, can also play an important role in enlightening parents. The informal tea and the many interviews carried on during the year, as well as new ways of reporting pupils progress, can significantly aid in achieving a harmonious interplay between school an
13、d home.To illustrate, suppose that a father has been drilling Junior in arithmetic processes night after night. In a friendly interview, the teacher can help the parent sublimate his natural paternal interest into productive channels. He might be persuaded to let Junior participate in discussing the
14、 family budget, buying the food, using a yardstick or measuring cup at home, setting the clock, calculating mileage on a trip and engaging in scores of other activities that have a mathematical basis.If the father follows the advice, it is reasonable to assume that he will soon realize his son is ma
15、king satisfactory progress in mathematics, and at the same time, enjoying the work.Too often, however, teachers conferences with parents are devoted to petty accounts of childrens misdemeanors, complaints about laziness and poor work habits, and suggestion for penalties and rewards at home.What is n
16、eeded is a more creative approach in which the teacher, as a professional adviser, plants ideas in parents minds for the best utilization of the many hours that the child spends out of the classroom. In this way, the school and the home join forces in fostering the fullest development of youngsters
17、capacities.（分数：10.00）(1).The central idea conveyed in the above text is that（分数：2.00）A.home training is more important than school training because a child spends so many hours with his parents.B.teachers can and should help parents to understand and further the objectives of the school.C.there are
18、many ways in which the mathematics program can be implemented at home.D.parents have a responsibility to help students in doing homework.(2).The author directly discusses the fact that（分数：2.00）A.parents drill their children too much in arithmetic.B.principals have explained the new art programs to p
19、arents.C.a parents misguided efforts can be properly directed.D.a father can have his son help him construct articles at home.(3).It can reasonably be inferred that the author（分数：2.00）A.is satisfied with present relationships between home and school.B.feels that the traditional program in mathematic
20、s is slightly superior to the developmental program.C.believes that schools are woefully lacking in guidance personnel.D.feels that parent-teacher interviews can be made much more constructive than they are at present.(4).We may infer that the writer of the article does not favor（分数：2.00）A.suggestio
21、ns by the teacher to a parent in regard to improving the students scholastic average.B.written communications to the parent from the teacher.C.having the parent observe lessons which the children are being taught.D.principal-parent conferences rather than teacher-parent conferences.(5).The author do
22、es not directly state, but implies that（分数：2.00）A.participation in interesting activities relating to a subject improves ones achievement in that area.B.too many children are lazy and have poor work habits.C.school principals do more than their share in interpreting the curriculum to the parents.D.t
23、eachers should occasionally make home visits to parents.五、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：10.00)In 1575-over 400 years ago the French scholar Louis Le Roy published a learned book in which he voiced despair over the changes caused by the social and technological innovations of his time, what we now call the Renaiss
24、ance. We, also, feel that our times are out of joint; we even have reason to believe that our descendants will be worse off than we are.The earth will soon be overcrowded and its resources exhausted. Pollution will ruin the environment, upset the climate and endanger human health. The gap in living
25、standards between the rich and the poor will widen and lead the angry, hungry people of the world to acts of desperation including the use of nuclear weapons as blackmail. Such are the inevitable consequences of population and technological growth if present trends continue.The future is never a pro
26、jection of the past. Animals probably have no chance to escape from the tyranny of biological evolution, but human beings are blessed with the freedom of social evolution. For us, trend is not destiny (fate). The escape from existing trends is now facilitated by the fact that societies anticipate fu
27、ture dangers and take preventive steps against expected changes.Despite the widespread belief that the world has become too complex for comprehension by the human brain; modern societies have often responded effectively to critical situations. The decrease in birth rates, the partial prohibition of
28、pesticides and the rethinking of technologies for the production and use of energy are but a few examples illustrating a sudden reversal of trends caused not by political upsets or scientific breakthroughs, but by public awareness of consequences.Even more striking are the situations in which social
29、 attitudes concerning future difficulties undergo rapid changes before the problems have come to pass-witness the heated arguments about the problems of behavior control and of genetic engineering even though there is as yet no proof that effective methods can be developed to manipulate behavior and
30、 genes on a population scale.One of the characteristics of our times is thus the rapidity with which steps can be taken to change the orientation of certain trends and even to reverse them. Such changes usually emerge from grass root movements rather than from official directives. Notes: Renaissance
31、 (14-15 世纪欧洲)文艺复兴(时期)。tyranny 暴虐统治；暴虐行为。are blessed with幸有；有幸得到。but a few 只是几个。come to pass 发生，实现。as yet 至今。grass root 群众。（分数：10.00）(1).According to the first two paragraphs, if present trends continue, which one of the following situations will not occur?（分数：2.00）A.An overpopulated earth will be un
32、able to sustain its inhabitants.B.The rich will become richer and the poor will become poorer.C.New sources of energy will be substituted for oil and natural gas.D.The effects of pollution will pose a dreadful threat to mankind.(2).The best illustration of the meaning of “trend is not destiny“ in Pa
33、ra. 3 is that（分数：2.00）A.human beings are blessed with the freedom of social evolution.B.the world has become too complex for human beings to modify.C.preventive steps against catastrophes are difficult to be adopted.D.the earth will soon be overcrowded and its resources exhausted.(3).According to th
34、e text, evidences of the insight of the public into the dangers which surround us can be found in all of the following EXCEPT（分数：2.00）A.a decline in birth rates.B.opposition to the use of pesticides.C.pressing for better power production and energy use.D.a rapid increase in the funding of environmen
35、t research.(4).The author is in favor of the opinion that（分数：2.00）A.the reversal of trend caused by scientific advances is out of the question.B.nuclear weapons wont play a prominent role in dealings among peoples.C.the public is aware of the future dangers and ready to take immediate action.D.the t
36、rend of rapid development of science and technology seems irresistible.(5).The logical organization of the text is that（分数：2.00）A.an assertion is made, followed by a few examples to illustrate it.B.future dangers are stated and relative measures are to be adopted.C.a historical trend is stated and e
37、vidence is then provided to prove it.D.examples of risks are given and reasons are then advanced to clarify them.六、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Within 80 years, some scientists estimate, the world must produce more than eight times the present world food supply. The productiveness of the sea raises our hop
38、es for an adequate food supply in the future. Aided by men of science, we have set forth to find out that 70 percent of the earth remains unexplored the ocean depths. Thus, we may better discover and utilize the seas natural products for the worlds hungry.It is fish protein concentrate that is sough
39、t from the seas. By utilizing the unharvested fish in United States waters alone, enough fish protein concentrate can, be obtained to provide supplemental animal protein for more than one billion people for one year at the cost of less than half a cent per day per person. The malnutrition of childre
40、n is terribly tragic. But the crime lies in societys unrestrained breeding, not in its negligence in producing fish powder. But wherever the population projects are carefully considered, the answer to the problem is something like this: There are few projects that could do more to raise the nutritio
41、nal level of mankind than a full-scale scientific effort to develop the resources of the sea. Each year some thirty million tons of food products are taken from the sea, which account for 12 percent of the worlds animal proteins. Nations with their swelling populations must push forward into the sea
42、 frontiers for food supplies. Private industry must step up its marine research and the federal government must make new attacks on the problems of marine research development. There is a tone of desperateness in all these designs on the sea.But what is most startling is the assumption that the seas
43、 are an untouched resource. The fact is that the seas have been, and are being, hurt directly and indirectly, by the same forces that have abused the land. In the broad pattern of ecological relationships the seas are not separable from what happens on the land. The poisons that pollute the soil and
44、 the air bring in massive doses into the “continental shelf“ waters. The dirt and pollution that spills from our urban sewers and industrial out falls despoil our bays and coastal waters. All the border seas are already heavily polluted by the same exploitation drives that have undermined the qualit
45、y of life on land.Notes: sewers 下水道。（分数：10.00）(1).According to the text, which of the following statements is true?（分数：2.00）A.Though the situation is not urgent, we should press forward with our marine research.B.Nations throughout the world must be provided with fish, fresh or frozen, for needed pr
46、otein.C.There are enough fish in the U. S. seas to allow for the annual protein needs of a quarter of the worlds 5 billion people.D.The oceans are the major source of the worlds protein supply.(2).The authors primary concern is that（分数：2.00）A.the oceans will help to provide enough food for the world
47、 in the future.B.thirty million tons of food products are taken from the sea every year.C.city sewers are pouring forth polluted matter into bays and coastal waters.D.a steady increase in population will result in more hungry mouths to feed.(3).The author of the text is most probably of the opinion
48、that（分数：2.00）A.the sea is an inexhaustible resource of food supply.B.the shortage of food supply mainly results from unrestricted population growth.C.the inadequate food supply is chiefly caused by the negligence in exploration of the sea.D.it is the population projects, rather than the development
49、of sea resources, that can improve the nutritional conditions of mankind.(4).From the last paragraph we learn that（分数：2.00）A.the seas we will depend on for future food have been more or less contaminated.B.the marine resources are directly hound up with our future life.C.the exploitation drives are essential for us to improve the quality of life on the earth.D.the ecological balance in the seas has nothing to do with that on the land.(5).The most appropriate title for this text is（分数：2.00）A.The Role of Science in Fighting Hunger.B.Scientific Efforts to Develop Sea
