1、考研英语-552 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)When a country is under-populated, newcomers are not competitors, but assistants. If more come they may produce not only new quotas, but a 1 as well. In such a state of things land is 2 and cheap. The possession of it 3 no power
2、 or privilege. No one will work for another for wages 4 he can take up new land and be his own master. Hence it will pay no one to own more land than he can 5 by his own labor, or with such aid as his own family 6 . Hence, again, land 7 little or no rent; there will be no landlords living on rent an
3、d no laborers living on 8 , but only a middle class of yeoman farmers (自耕农). All are 9 on an equality, and democracy becomes the political form, because this is the only state of society in which equality, on which democracy is 10 , is realized as a fact. The same effects are powerfully 11 by other
4、facts. In a new and under-populated country the industries which are most profitable are the extractive industries. The 12 of these, with the exception of some kinds of mining, is that they call 13 only a low organization of labor and small amount of capital. Hence they allow the workman to become 1
5、4 his own master, and they educate him to freedom, independence, and self 15 . At the same time, the social groups being only 16 marked off from each other, it is easy to 17 from one class of occupations, and consequently from one social grade, to another. Finally, under the same circumstances, educ
6、ation, skill, and superior training have but inferior value compared with what they have in 18 populated countries. The 19 lie in an under-populated country, with the 20 , unskilled, manual occupations, and not with the highest developments of science, literature, and art.（分数：10.00）A.surplusB.plusC.
7、remainsD.remainderA.scarceB.sacredC.abundantD.extractiveA.infersB.defersC.confersD.refersA.butB.whenC.whileD.soA.cultivateB.culminateC.calculateD.conceiveA.requestsB.deploysC.impliesD.suppliesA.fostersB.promotesC.bearsD.contributesA.wagesB.salariesC.rewardsD.awardsA.intentionallyB.potentiallyC.subst
8、antiallyD.consistentlyA.fertilizedB.basedC.drawnD.guaranteedA.influencedB.checkedC.reshapedD.reinforcedA.featureB.characteristicC.essenceD.fundamentalA.offB.onC.toD.forA.speedilyB.merrilyC.unfortunatelyD.amusinglyA.autonomyB.regulationC.independenceD.relianceA.obviouslyB.vaguelyC.positivelyD.apparen
9、tlyA.transferB.transformC.transmitD.transportA.sporadicallyB.denselyC.looselyD.neatlyA.advantagesB.disadvantagesC.gainsD.deficitsA.flexibleB.coarseC.presentableD.masculine二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Remember the days when companies such as Micros
10、oft and Mc-Kinsey took immense satisfaction from subjecting job candidates to mind-crunching strategy sessions? If you thought that was rough, imagine an interview in which no amount of research or questioning of insiders will help. Imagine instead that all you can do is have a healthy breakfast, pi
11、ck out your nicest suit, and hope for the best. In the new interview, they“re not just testing what you know. They“re also testing who you are. It“s called the situational interview, and it“s quickly becoming a must in the job-seeking world. In the post-Enron culture of caution, corporations are foc
12、using on an obvious insight: that a gold-plated resume and winning personality are about as accurate in determining job performance as Wall Street analysts are in picking stocks. Now, with shareholder scrutiny, hiring slowdowns, and expense-reducing, no manager can afford to hire the wrong person. H
13、undreds of companies are switching to the new methods. Whereas the conventional interview has been found to be only 7% accurate in predicting job performance, situational interviews deliver a rating of 54% the most of any interviewing tool. The situational technique“s superiority stems from its abil
14、ity to trip up even the wittiest of interviewees. Of course, every applicant must display a healthy dose of occupational know-how, but behavior and ethical backbone play a big role. For example, a prospective analyst at a Wall Street bank might have to face, say, a customer with an account argument.
15、 It“s not happening on paper, but in real timewith managers and experts watching nearby. The interviewer plays the role of a fierce customer on the phone, angry about money lost when a trade wasn“t executed on time. It“s set up as an obvious mistake on the banker“s part. Interviewers watch the candi
16、dates“ reactions: how they process the complex account information, their ability to talk the client down, what their body language displays about their own shortcomings, and which words they choose. In this instance, not being honest about the mistake or showing anger or frustrationno matter how gl
17、owing your resumemeans you“re out. Behavioral interviews are also being rounded out by other tools that, until recently, had been reserved for elite hires. Personality-testing outfit Caliper, for example, which probes candidates for emotional-intelligence skills and job ability, has seen its busines
18、s jump 20% this year. Clearly, the new interview isn“t without its drawbacks. Companies run the risk of arousing hostility in candidates, who may feel as if some line has been crossed into personal territory. Moreover, some companies worry about the fairness of personality tests. They have to make s
19、ure there are no inherent gender or racial biases in the test.（分数：10.00）(1).In conventional interviews, Microsoft tested applicants by _.（分数：2.00）A.pressing them to solve strategic issuesB.causing them to crack mental problemsC.subjecting them to doing a lot of researchD.making them worry stiff prob
20、lems out(2).In the situational interview, job-seekers have to _.（分数：2.00）A.be dressed up in the height of fashionB.be examined in professional experiencesC.demonstrate their personalities and knowledgeD.present elegantly written and polished resumes(3).The new interview is widely adopted because of
21、its _.（分数：2.00）A.efficiency in selecting the fittest brainsB.insight into the interviewee“s characterC.accuracy in testing working experienceD.exactness in assessing performing skills(4).The situational interview is superior to the conventional in its _.（分数：2.00）A.capability to catch the smartest ap
22、plicants in misjudgmentsB.possibility to lead the wisest candidates to behavioral mistakesC.technique to make the cleverest interviewees be inaccurateD.function to frustrate the brightest individuals by hard questions(5).The advantages of behavioral interview include all of the following EXCEPT _.（分
23、数：2.00）A.it helps avoid employing the wrong personnelB.it urges examinees on fully displaying expertiseC.it drives most candidates into feeling enmityD.it stimulates testees to handle real-time problems五、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Narrative crept back into art through a side door marked fashion photograp
24、hy. In April 1967, French Vogue published a spread by Bob Richardson, the American photographer, that soon became a legend. Informally christened “the Greek trip“ by Richardson“s admirers, the spread featured Donna Mitchell, a striking brunet model, hanging out on the Aegean island of Rhodes with a
25、male companion. Of course, narrative never disappearedit just went to the movies, and stayed, and stayed. But what had caused stories to be exiled from high art? The idea of essence, and the equation of essence with goodness. Can you imagine? Visual art is essentially composed of form, color, materi
26、als. Anything to do with content is extraneous and therefore to be associated with badness; therefore to be eliminated. Moreover, content, says this line of thought, is controlling. This means that a rose is the Virgin Mary (depending on what the meaning of “is“ is). And art, like society, must be l
27、iberated from such hierarchically imposed values. What this argument overlooked, of course, is that narrative is a form in itself, not just a vehicle for content. Indeed, the ideology of formalism originated, in Soviet Russia, with the analysis of old folk tales. Narrative form, the analysis went, t
28、ypically proceeds from an initial state of equilibrium through a series of destabilizing episodes, concluding with a heightened state of equilibrium at the end. Think Indiana Jones. You can plug whatever content you want in there as long as it creates the form. Each episode simply has to do with the
29、 work of creating disequilibrium. A narrative does not, in other words, tell a story. A story is told to give listeners the pleasure of the narrative form. If you were to isolate the form of disequilibrium from the specifics of plot, you might arrive at something resembling the collected work of Cin
30、dy Sherman. Initially modeled after movie stills, Sherman“s pictures are not, of course, abstract. Over the years, in fact, their content has become increasingly elaborate. I see this as a form of generosity as well as a sign of advanced technical skills. Not since Giuseppe Arcimboldo (1527-1593), p
31、erhaps, has an artist contrived to turn the human figure into a more bountiful cornucopia for the eye. Yet even the most visually splendid of Sherman“s images are minimalist, in that they reduce the narrative down to the precise moment when the center of gravity shifts. Perhaps some unheard word is
32、spoken. A floorboard squeaks. From upstairs comes a thump. And a tentative state of equilibrium gives way to anxiety or dread. That moment, too, represents essence. What more do you need to know?（分数：10.00）(1).According to the author, “narrative“ is to “story“ what _.（分数：2.00）A.“picture“ is to “movie
33、 still“B.“goodness“ is to “badness“C.“form“ is to “content“D.“color“ is to “visual art“(2).People who support the idea of essence most probably agree that _.（分数：2.00）A.narrative is only a vehicle for contentB.art develops with its own valuesC.Virgin Mary can be metaphorized as a roseD.content should
34、 be eliminated for its narrative form(3).The author“s attitude towards the idea of essence is _.（分数：2.00）A.puzzledB.criticalC.ironicD.objective(4).According to the passage, Sherman is probably _.（分数：2.00）A.a film editorB.a fashion designerC.a movie producerD.a prominent photographer(5).We can learn
35、from the last paragraph that _.（分数：2.00）A.a successful film should consist of precise momentsB.a tentative state of equilibrium is superior to anxiety or dreadC.a reduction is necessary to make the narrative efficientD.a proper moment is enough to achieve narrative purpose六、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Dem
36、and for the most common cosmetic surgery procedures, like breast enlargements and nose jobs, has increased by more than 400 per cent over the last decade. According to Dr. Dai Davies, of the Plastic Surgery Partnership in Hammersmith, the majority of cosmetic surgery patients are not chasing physica
37、l perfection. Rather, they are driven to fantastic lengths to improve their appearance by a desire to look normal. “What we all crave is to look normal, and normal is what is prescribed by the advertising media and other external pressures. They give us a perception of what is physically acceptable
38、and we feel we must look like that.“ In America, the debate is no longer about whether surgery is normal; rather, it centres on what age people should be before going under the knife. New York surgeon Dr. Gerard Imber recommends “maintenance“ work for people in their thirties. “The idea of waiting u
39、ntil one needs a heroic transformation is silly,“ he says. “By then, you“ve wasted 20 great years of your life and allowed things to get out of hand.“ Dr. Imber draws the line at operating on people who are under 18, however. “It seems that someone we don“t consider old enough to order a drink shoul
40、dn“t be considering plastic surgery.“ In the UK cosmetic surgery has long been seen as the exclusive domain of the very rich and famous. But the proportionate cost of treatment has fallen substantially, bringing all but the most advanced laser technology within the reach of most people. Dr. Davies,
41、who claims to “cater for the average person“, agrees. He says: “I treat a few of the rich and famous and an awful lot of secretaries. Of course, 3,000 for an operation is a lot of money. But it is also an investment for life which costs about half the price of a good family holiday.“ Dr. Davies susp
42、ects that the increasing sophistication of the fat injecting and removal techniques that allow patients to be treated with a local anaesthetic in an afternoon has also helped promote the popularity of cosmetic surgery. Yet, as one woman who recently paid 2,500 for liposuction to remove cellulite fro
43、m her thighs admitted, the slope to becoming a cosmetic surgery veteran is a deceptively gentle one. “I had my legs done because they“d been bugging me for years. But going into the clinic was so low key and effective it whetted my appetite. Now I don“t think there“s any operation that I would rule
44、out having if I could afford it.“（分数：10.00）(1).According to the text, the reason for cosmetic surgery is _.（分数：2.00）A.being physically healthyB.looking normalC.investing for lifeD.making the appearance perfect(2).According to Paragraph 3, what Dr. Davies said implies that _.（分数：2.00）A.cosmetic surge
45、ry, though costly, is worth havingB.cosmetic surgery is very expensiveC.cosmetic surgery is necessary even for the average personD.cosmetic surgery is beyond the reach of most people(3).There is a hot debate in America about _.（分数：2.00）A.whether those who are under 18 need cosmetic surgeryB.whether
46、people should have “maintenance“ work in their thirtiesC.at what age people should have cosmetic surgeryD.whether cosmetic surgery should cater for the average person(4).According to the text, which of the following statements is TRUE?（分数：2.00）A.It is wise to have cosmetic surgery under 18.B.Cosmeti
47、c surgery is now easier and less painful.C.People tend to abuse cosmetic surgery.D.The earlier people have cosmetic surgery, the better they will be.(5).The text is mainly about _.（分数：2.00）A.the advantage of having cosmetic surgeryB.what kind of people should have cosmetic surgeryC.the reason why co
48、smetic surgery is so popularD.the disadvantage of having cosmetic surgery七、Text 4(总题数：1，分数：10.00)An official report, addressing concerns about the many implications of genetic testing, outlined policy guidelines and legislative recommendations intended to avoid involuntary and/or ineffective testing
49、, and to protect confidentiality. The report identified urgent concerns, such as quality control measures (including federal oversight for testing laboratories) and better genetics training for medical practitioners. It recommended voluntary screening, urged couples in high-risk populations to consider carrier screening, and advised caution in using and interpreting pre-symptomatic or predictive tests, because certain information could easily be misused or misinterpreted. About three in every 100 children are born
