1、考研英语-534 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)To understand the marketing concept, it is only necessary to understand the difference between marketing and selling. Not too many years ago, most industries concentrated primarily on the 1 production of goods, and then 2 on “pe
2、rsuasive salesmanship“ to move as much of these goods as possible. Such production and selling focuses on the needs of the seller to produce goods and then 3 them into money. Marketing, on the other hand, focuses on the wants of consumers. It begins with first analyzing the 4 and demands of consumer
3、s and then producing goods that will 5 them. This eye-on-the-consumer 6 is known as the marketing concept, which simply means that instead of trying to sell 7 is easiest to produce or buy for resale, the makers and dealers first try to find out what the consumer wants to buy and then go 8 making it
4、available for purchase. Every 9 design, production, distribution, promotionis made according to consumer demand. This concept does not 10 that consumer satisfaction is given 11 over profit in a company. There are always two 12 to every business activitythe firm and the customerand each must be satis
5、fied before trade 13 . Successful merchants and producers, 14 , recognized that the surest route to profit is 15 understanding customers. This concept has been recognized in such slogans as “Have It Your Way“, and “Your are the boss“. A good example of the importance of satisfying the consumer 16 it
6、self in mid-1985, when Coca Cola changed the 17 of its drink. The non-acceptance of the change by a significant 18 of the public brought about a quick 19 of the Classic Coke, which was then marked alongside the new. King Customer 20 .（分数：10.00）A.effectiveB.proficientC.competentD.efficientA.concentra
7、tedB.focusedC.reliedD.livedA.convertB.alterC.converseD.transferA.hobbiesB.preferencesC.choicesD.alternativesA.influenceB.satisfyC.convinceD.entertainA.accessB.meansC.approachD.advanceA.whicheverB.thatC.whichD.whateverA.aboutB.roundC.onD.throughA.stepB.measureC.operationD.arrangementA.hintB.involveC.
8、implyD.representA.precedenceB.importanceC.valueD.priorityA.viewsB.surfacesC.sidesD.approachesA.appearsB.occursC.existsD.succeedsA.howeverB.otherwiseC.thereforeD.neverthelessA.inB.withC.throughD.uponA.offeredB.deliveredC.presentedD.submittedA.fragranceB.flavorC.senseD.feelA.fragmentB.sectionC.segment
9、D.proportionA.restorationB.repetitionC.replacementD.withdrawalA.controlledB.manipulatedC.managedD.ruled二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Hunger is no novelty. We can discount legends of golden ages, lands of Cockayne, and Megasthenes“ statement that be
10、fore Alexander“s invasion of India, there had never been famine or food shortage there. Trustworthy historical records show that during the Renaissance one year in ten in Britain, and one in five in Europe, was a famine year. China, with a greater area and more diverse climate, had a famine in some
11、region every year. Famine is a state of affairs in which people are dying in the streets. It therefore attracts the notice of historians and is recorded. The fact that it strikes people who are aware of having been properly fed and well is more important. Not only are the survivors more adjustable,
12、they are also angry at the breakdown of the system and eager to do something about it though it is obvious from the record that they do not always have the means. Malnutrition is much more underhanded. It is a chronic state in which the total food supply or, more often, the supply of certain compone
13、nts such as protein or some of the vitamins, is inadequate. It seems probable that, either constantly or seasonally, it used to be the usual condition of mankind and was regarded as normal. The unhealthy appearance of the figures in medieval paintings and drawings is often put down to the incompeten
14、ce of the artist: it is as likely that most people really did look like that. The plentifulness with which poets greeted the “merry month of May“ may, in our dull climate, have had a climatic basis: it is just as likely that in May, after six months“ shortage, there was now an adequate vitamin suppl
15、y. The promptness with which some sailors died of scurvy after leaving port suggests that they were normally on the edge of scurvy and needed only a slight worsening of conditions to get it acutely. Others will think of other examples. Hunger and malnutrition are components of a classic example of a
16、 vicious circle. They lead to enfeeblement or unfeelingness in which nothing either can be done, or seems to be worth doing, to alter the state of affairs, this leads to more hunger and malnutrition. There is good reason to think that, in much of the developing world, if the circle could once be bro
17、ken, it need never return.（分数：10.00）(1).According to the text, hunger in the past（分数：2.00）A.occurred more frequently in Britain than in the rest of the world.B.was less of a problem than it is today.C.was more unknown than it is today.D.was quite a regular occurrence.(2).Famine is different from mal
18、nutrition because（分数：2.00）A.famine is a far more widespread problem.B.famine causes rather more people to die.C.famine arouses a desire for action rather than mere unfeelingness.D.famine tends to affect the rich and well fed more than the poor.(3).What is malnutrition according to the author?（分数：2.0
19、0）A.It was a common condition in the Middle Ages.B.It arouses a great deal of emotion and interest.C.It affected the competence of medieval artists.D.It is a more obvious problem than famine.(4).Why did many sailors in the past die rapidly of scurvy?（分数：2.00）A.They did not have enough to eat.B.They
20、were not used to living at sea.C.They were already suffering from malnutrition.D.They caught it from other sailors.(5).The vicious circle of malnutrition in developing countries（分数：2.00）A.makes long-term progress very difficult to achieve.B.will be broken for good if it is broken once.C.has a signif
21、icant effect on the developed countries.D.could extend to the developed countries in the future.五、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：10.00)One positive consequence of our current national crisis may be at least a temporary dent in Hollywood“s culture of violence. Fearful of offending audiences in the wake of the terro
22、rist attack, some movie-makers have postponed the release of films with terrorist themes. Television writers are shelving or delaying scripts with warlike and terrorist scenarios. It is probably good thinking. My local video store tells me nobody is checking out “disaster“ movies. Says the manager,
23、“Currently, people want comedy. They want an escape from stories about violence and terrorism.“ Similarly, in the music business, there“s a run on patriotic and inspirational tapes and CDs. According to the New York Times , the self-scrutiny among these czars of mass-entertainment taste is unprecede
24、nted in scale, sweeping aside hundreds of millions of dollars in projects that no longer seem appropriate. A reasonable concern is that this might be a short-term phenomenon. Once life returns to something more normal, will Hollywood return to its bad old ways? The Times offers a glimmer of hope. Th
25、e industry“s titans, it suggests, are grappling with much more difficult, long-range questions of what the public will want once the initial shock from the terrorist attacks wears off. Many in the industry admit they do not know where the boundaries of taste and consumer tolerance now lie. This is a
26、n opportunity for some of us to suggest to Hollywood where that boundary of consumer tolerance is. Especially those of us who have not yet convinced Hollywood to cease its descent into ever-lower of desensitization of our young. The nonprofit, nonpartisan Parents Television Council, which monitors t
27、he quality of TV programming, says in its latest report that today“s TV shows are more laced than ever with vulgarities, sexual immorality, crudities, violence, and foul language. The traditional family hour between 8 p.m. and 9 p.m., when the networks used to offer programs for the entire family, h
28、as disappeared. The problem looks like it will get worse. That certainly looked to be the case before the Sep. 11 assault. One pre-attack the New York Times story reported that TV producers were crusading for scripts that include every crude word imaginable. The struggles between network censors and
29、 producers, according to the report, were “growing more intense“. Producers like Aaron Sorkin of The West Wing planned to keep pushing hard. He was quoted as saying, “There“s absolutely no reason why we can“t use the language of adulthood in programs that are about adults.“ My guess is that a lot of
30、 adults don“t use the language Mr. Sorkin wants to use, and don“t enjoy having their children hear it. At this moment of crisis in our nation“s history, thought has become more contemplative, prayerful, and spiritual. It may be the time to tell the entertainment industry that we want not a temporary
31、 pause in the flow of tastelessness, but a long-term cleanup.（分数：10.00）(1).Some filmmakers hesitate to release new films with violent content because（分数：2.00）A.they want to show themselves to be patriots.B.they are afraid such films may anger audiences.C.films with violence in them are no longer pop
32、ular.D.there is a general shift of attention from tragedy to comedy.(2).The word “self-scrutiny“ (Line 1, Para. 2) refers to filmmakers“ attempt to（分数：2.00）A.produce appropriate films with no violent content for the audiences.B.prevent themselves from slipping into their old bad ways.C.understand to
33、 what extent their films have contributed to the national crisis.D.find out where the boundaries of taste and consumer tolerance lie.(3).The author thinks that it is time for the general audience to（分数：2.00）A.tell filmmakers where the boundaries of their taste lie.B.point out to Hollywood how bad th
34、eir films are.C.accuse the filmmakers of desensitizing their children.D.ask filmmakers to make films that reflect traditional family life.(4).Which of the following is true about Aaron Sorkin?（分数：2.00）A.He is strongly against using crude language in films.B.He starts the struggles between network ce
35、nsors and producers.C.He insists no restraint be set to the language used in films.D.He believes that it is time to clean up the entertainment industry.(5).Which of the following is closest to the message the author tries to convey?（分数：2.00）A.To acknowledge the current practice of the entertainment
36、industry.B.To show his admiration for the current practice of the entertainment industry.C.To accuse the entertainment industry of their current practice.D.To show tolerance of the current practice of the entertainment industry.“六、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Like many Americans, Mark Seery watched the Vir
37、ginia Tech school shooting unfold on the cable news networks in April 2007. It wasn“t just the catastrophe that disturbed himit was how some psychologists were advising the campus community to respond in the wake of the devastating tragedy. “There“s a sense that“s very much alive within the professi
38、onal community that if people don“t talk about what they“re feeling, and try to suppress it, somehow it will only rebound down the road and make things worse,“ says Seery, an assistant professor of psychology at the University of Buffalo. That, says Seery, is one of many examples of situations in wh
39、ich the first response to a tragedy“s psychological ramifications is to encourage victims and bystanders to talk about their emotions in the wake of the event. That idea is constantly reinforced by a battery of television therapists who harp on the importance of sharing your feelings. But is that re
40、ally the best medicine? Seery“s new research offers an alternative to that philosophy. His work suggests that those who do not reveal their feelings in the wake of a collective trauma turn out just fine, if not better, than those who do. Seery used an online survey to query a national sample about t
41、heir reactions to the 9/11 attacks, beginning on the day itself. The respondents were divided into two groups: those who said they were initially unwilling to talk about their feelings, and the rest. At the end of the two-year survey period, those who decided not to share their feelings reported few
42、er related mental and physical problems. That effect was even more pronounced among those who lived close to the tragedy. Seery also found an interesting correlation between the level of sharing and well-being. Participants could decide how much they wanted to report about their feelings on the surv
43、ey. Seery found that there was a correlation between those who wrote the lengthier, more in-depth descriptions of their feelings and those who had worse mental and physical statuses. Does the study turn conventional wisdom completely on its head, suggesting that it“s better to stay quiet in the afte
44、rmath of a traumatic event? Not quite. Seery explains that the respondents who felt the need to divulge their emotions started off in a worse mental and physical state in the first place, likely a bit more susceptible to the stress of a collective traumatic event. “The people who were talking were p
45、robably more distressed by the event,“ says Seery. “The initial distress motivated them to want to have some place to talk about it.whereas people who chose not to talk were less likely to say that they were trying cope.“ The take-home message, then, is that there is no one right way to react to tra
46、umatic events; there is a wide range of normal and healthy responses to tragedy.（分数：10.00）(1).What advice do some psychologists give to victims after a disaster?（分数：2.00）A.Calm down and reflect on the event.B.Keep themselves open to advice.C.Share their feelings about it.D.Don“t feel disturbed but l
47、earn to adapt.(2).According to Seery, in the wake of disastrous events（分数：2.00）A.revelation of their distressed feelings helps people to adapt.B.sharing one“s feelings is not necessarily the best way to cope.C.no psychological therapy is necessary to relieve the victims.D.victims and bystanders shou
48、ld turn to television therapists for advice.(3).In the survey, the respondents who witnessed the 9/11 attacks at a short distance（分数：2.00）A.recovered more quickly from the shock.B.reported more serious symptoms of depression.C.were more inclined to talk about their feelings.D.reported more mental pr
49、oblems than physical ones.(4).Contrary to traditional wisdom, Seery found that（分数：2.00）A.the psychologists to whom the victims exposed their feelings often gave wrong advice.B.reporting their feelings on the Internet made the victims feel better than face-to-face talk.C.some people who revealed their feelings might turn out to be less well-off than otherwise.D.longer description of their feelings might cause the victims to suffer smaller loss.(5).What can be inferred from the last paragraph?（分数：2.00）A.Victims who suffer most are likely to divulge their feelings.B.Conventional wisdom o
