1、考研英语-491 及答案解析(总分:100.00,做题时间:90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数:0,分数:0.00)二、Energy will be one o(总题数:20,分数:10.00)1.(分数:0.50)A.costB.consumeC.commendD.recommend2.(分数:0.50)A.inB.offC.onD.upon3.(分数:0.50)A.matchB.contestC.conflictD.competition4.(分数:0.50)A.revealingB.retracingC.retortingD.reshaping5.(分数:0.5
2、0)A.beyondB.afterC.behindD.besides6.(分数:0.50)A.WhateverB.WhoseverC.HoweverD.Whenever7.(分数:0.50)A.discoveriesB.recoveriesC.depositsD.disclosure8.(分数:0.50)A.In factB.To sum upC.GenerallyD.By the way9.(分数:0.50)A.onB.aroundC.inD.by10.(分数:0.50)A.asB.soC.tooD.such11.(分数:0.50)A.untilB.whenC.afterD.before12
3、.(分数:0.50)A.instead ofB.ifC.butD.however13.(分数:0.50)A.selectiveB.captiveC.optionalD.alternative14.(分数:0.50)A.profitsB.benefitsC.earningsD.goods15.(分数:0.50)A.industrialB.industrializedC.industriousD.industries16.(分数:0.50)A.distractB.abstractC.contractD.extract17.(分数:0.50)A.lonelyB.aloneC.lonesomeD.on
4、ly18.(分数:0.50)A.raisingB.breakingC.toweringD.soaring19.(分数:0.50)A.declineB.determineC.declaimD.decide20.(分数:0.50)A.addictB.entrustC.commitD.confide三、Section Reading Co(总题数:0,分数:0.00)四、Part A(总题数:0,分数:0.00)五、Text 1(总题数:5,分数:10.00)21.The word “it“ (Line 3, Paragraph 5) most probably refers to(分数:2.00)
5、A.the state of being respected and well-paid.B.the wish to become the best and brightest students.C.a culture among the adults that embrace new ideas.D.the passion for learning and academics.22.The author quoted the studies of teachers reading to show that(分数:2.00)A.Howley conducted sophisticated re
6、searches.B.there are two patterns of teachers reading.C.teachers should read more books.D.the reading patterns lead to the present situation of American teachers.23.It can be inferred from the last two paragraphs that(分数:2.00)A.the brightest students will choose to work as teachers.B.teachers will r
7、ead academic books in their spare time.C.teachers play key roles in building intellectual culture.D.the social status of American teachers is quite high nowadays.24.According to Hofstadter, American teachers(分数:2.00)A.serve as models to the intellectual life.B.are not active in their intellectual li
8、fe.C.only work as adequate workman.D.play an very important role in the society.25.In Craig Howleys opinion, prospective teachers should(分数:2.00)A.learn mom about pedagogy.B.be active on the front line of education.C.take more courses in liberal arts.D.learn from their counterparts majored in scienc
9、e.六、Text 2(总题数:5,分数:10.00)26.Why is the name Dean Barrow mentioned in this passage?(分数:2.00)A.He is an expert in the complex legal procedures.B.He found mistakes in supporting paperwork.C.He helped to stop an extradition.D.He is an example of powerful lawyers.27.From the text we can conclude that th
10、e author(分数:2.00)A.takes a detached attitude.B.is supportive of extradition.C.is against extradition.D.has sympathy for people who are extradited.28.Noel Heath and Glenroy Matthew are probably(分数:2.00)A.citizens of the U.SB.traffickers in Caribbean.C.citizens of the U.KD.nationals in St Kitts.29.The
11、 Caribbean became something of a heaven because(分数:2.00)A.it has heaven-like scenery.B.it welcomes all people from other parts of the world.C.it protects people from being extradited.D.it is a paradise for criminals.30.The description of Mr. Kozenys case shows(分数:2.00)A.corruption will not be grante
12、d bail.B.foreigners can be difficultly extradited to their own country.C.Mr. Kozeny will be extradited to Czech.D.extradition can be easier for people like him.七、Text 3(总题数:5,分数:10.00)31.By saying “a variant on the formula“ (Line 1, Paragraph 4), the author means that(分数:2.00)A.luxury-car rental is
13、a new business.B.foreign car-rental business is different from luxury-car clubs.C.rental-car companies run in different ways.D.rental-car business is newly developing.32.The “prestige Collection“ business of Hertz is(分数:2.00)A.decreasing,B.just about to begin.C.absolutely making good.D.gaining some
14、profits.33.The author seems to be mainly concerned with(分数:2.00)A.the mainstream rental-car companies.B.the exotic rental-car companies.C.luxury-car rental business.D.luxury-car clubs.34.A young man choosing a car is noted to suggest that(分数:2.00)A.young people are now living a luxurious life.B.luxu
15、rious cars are very expensive.C.luxury-car club is now very popular.D.renting a car from a club is easy and convenient.35.We can conclude from the second paragraph that in Ron Van Horssens club(分数:2.00)A.most members are rich people.B.members should pay annually plus weekly rent.C.members share some
16、 part of the maintenance or inspections fees.D.executive-jet sharing service is also available.八、Text 4(总题数:5,分数:10.00)36.According to the passage, children with type 2 diabetes(分数:2.00)A.suffer an autoimmune disorder.B.are genetically weak in their constitution.C.are usually overweight.D.stop produ
17、cing insulin.37.What might the author think of Neville Rigbys comment?(分数:2.00)A.Its ridiculous.B.Its alarming.C.Its out of the question.D.Its accurate.38.According to the last paragraph, diabetes will(分数:2.00)A.be cured in some way.B.remain a persistent ailment.C.be eradicated in the future.D.only
18、affect overweight people.39.The figures in paragraph 2 denotes(分数:2.00)A.China has the largest number of children with type 2 diabetes.B.Japan has the biggest growth rate in new cases of diabetes.C.Latin America sees the greatest rise in the disease,D.the increasing patterns are Mike in many countri
19、es.40.To which of the following statements would the author most likely agree?(分数:2.00)A.People will change their lifestyle and diet.B.The prediction made by WHO may be realized.C.The WHO overestimates the danger of diabetes.D.Diabetes will be the most popular disease around the world.九、Part B(总题数:0
20、,分数:0.00)十、Last year French dri(总题数:5,分数:10.00)41.(分数:2.00)填空项 1:_42.(分数:2.00)填空项 1:_43.(分数:2.00)填空项 1:_44.(分数:2.00)填空项 1:_45.(分数:2.00)填空项 1:_十一、Part C(总题数:0,分数:0.00)十二、Theories of social c(总题数:5,分数:10.00)46.(分数:2.00)_47.(分数:2.00)_48.(分数:2.00)_49.(分数:2.00)_50.(分数:2.00)_十三、Section Writing(总题数:0,分数:0.
21、00)十四、Part A(总题数:1,分数:10.00)51.Write your letter with no less than 100 words on this matter. Write it neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter; use “Li Ming“ instead. You do not need to write the address.(分数:10.00)_十五、Part B(总题数:1,分数:20.00)52.You should write abou
22、t 160 - 200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.(分数:20.00)_考研英语-491 答案解析(总分:100.00,做题时间:90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数:0,分数:0.00)二、Energy will be one o(总题数:20,分数:10.00)1.(分数:0.50)A.costB.consume C.commendD.recommend解析:解析 词汇辨析题。 consume 意为“消耗,消费”,搭配其后宾语 40% more oil,译为:对于石油的消耗将增加 40%。避错指导:cost 意为“花费”,指花费金
23、钱、时间等;commend 意为“称赞,表扬”;recommend 意为“推荐,介绍”;这三个词与能源消耗无关,均不符合上下文语境。2.(分数:0.50)A.inB.off C.onD.upon解析:解析 短语辨析题。take off 原意为 to rise in flight“起飞”,喻意为“发展,增长”,而该句中提到“随着人口的增加和经济的发展,发展中国家的数亿人正在享受的舒适生活需要消耗越来越多的能源”,因此B正确。避错指导: take in 意为“接受,接待;吸收,理解”;take on“呈现,具有”;take upon(oneself)“承担,毅然”;均不符合题意。3.(分数:0.5
24、0)A.matchB.contestC.conflictD.competition 解析:解析 词汇辨析题。本句为主从复合句,When 引导的时间状语从句表示“当需求增加,而供给减少时”,主句表示在这种情况出现时可能导致的结果,依据常识,不难判断供少于求时,必然导致对该产品或物品的竞争加剧,因此正确选项是 competition。避错指导:match,contest 和 conflict虽然都有“比赛,竞赛”之意,但 match尤指足球、棒球、篮球比赛;contest 意为“竞赛”,尤指参赛者各自献技并由评判员进行评判的比赛;conflict 用于指敌对组织的公开的战争或对立势力间的内部斗争。
25、4.(分数:0.50)A.revealingB.retracingC.retortingD.reshaping 解析:解析 词汇辨析题。本句大意为社会各界应携手共创一个新的能源时代。reshape“给以新形式,再塑造,使再成形或重新组织”;例如:media consultants whose TV ads reshape candidatesimages to suit ephemeral public tastes媒介顾问的电视广告重塑候选人的形象以迎合大众的暂时口味。避错指导:reveal 意为“展现,显示”; retrace 意为“折回,回溯”;retort 意为“反驳,反击”;这三个词
26、均不符合原文上下文的意思。5.(分数:0.50)A.beyond B.afterC.behindD.besides解析:解析 语义衔接题。该空格之前是 in this century and,而空格之后并无其他词汇,由此可知该空格所填入词汇应与之前的时间“本世纪”并列,同为表示时间的概念;而且其后没有关联词,所以又可推知空格中应填入副词,选项中 beyond可做副词,意为“later than”,故为答案。避错指导:选项中 after,besides 就词义而言,显然不符合此处的语境。虽然 behind也有“之后”的含义,而且同样也可用做副词,但它多用于表示地理方位的后面(如:The dog
27、was running behind)或是表示抽象意义的落后(如:Kathy was tired and fell behind)。6.(分数:0.50)A.Whatever B.WhoseverC.HoweverD.Whenever解析:解析 词汇辨析题。本空所填词是本句状语从句引导词。句意为“无论我们采取怎样的行动”,whatever“任何的,任何数目或种类的”符合句意。避错指导:whosever“无论是谁的”;however“无论如何,可是;然而”;whenever“无论何时,随时”。7.(分数:0.50)A.discoveriesB.recoveriesC.deposits D.dis
28、closure解析:解析 语义衔接题。前文提到由于各种原因导致对于能源需求的增加,而现有的天然气田在不断老化,因此人类必定将寻求新的能源储备。deposits 指在岩层、矿脉或矿穴等处聚集的矿物质或沉淀物,如:iron ore deposits 铁矿层;rich deposits of oil and natural gas 石油和天然气的富矿层。避错指导:discovery 意为“发现”,尤指“获得知识或明白以前所不知的事情”;recovery 意为“恢复,痊愈”;disclosure 表示把未宣布的事情“透露”出来;这三个词与上下文无语义衔接关系。8.(分数:0.50)A.In fact
29、B.To sum upC.GenerallyD.By the way解析:解析 逻辑衔接题。前文提到发展中国家对于能源的需求在增加,而本句的大意为未来 20年中全世界对石油的需求将增加 40%,无疑是对前文的细节性的论述,所以选 in fact,意为“事实是,事实上”。避错指导:to sum up 意为“总之,总而言之”;generally 意为“通常,一般地”;by the way 意为“在途中,顺便”。9.(分数:0.50)A.on B.aroundC.inD.by解析:解析 介词用法题。首先应分析本句结构。We believe 之后的 that引导宾语从句,从句中的表语 cornerst
30、ones 后紧接一个“介词结构+which”引导的定语从句,而所需介词应与先行词 cornerstones构成介词短语,同时充当 build this new world的状语。所以应选A,on the cornerstones 意为“在基础之上”。避错指导:around,in,by 虽均为介词,但不可与 cornerstone搭配,语义不符。10.(分数:0.50)A.as B.soC.tooD.such解析:解析 固定搭配题。as surely as“和一样肯定无疑地,千真万确地”。该句强调这些组织机构包括个人既是问题的制造者也同样是问题的解决者。避错指导:用 soas表比较,一般用于否定
31、句;too不与 as 搭配;such as 意为“例如”。11.(分数:0.50)A.until B.whenC.afterD.before解析:解析 逻辑衔接题。本句话的意思是说人类可以选择等待,直到危机迫使我们采取措施,因此选择 until,表示“一直等到”的意思。避错指导:when、after 和 before都是表示时间关系的连词,但用在句中会使句内关系不清。12.(分数:0.50)A.instead ofB.ifC.but D.however解析:解析 固定搭配题。notbut为固定结构,意为“不是而是”,例如:Life is not to exist,but to live生命的意
32、义在于生活本身,而不只是生存。避错指导:instead of 是介词词组,意为“代替,宁愿”,后面应接名词,例如:ordered chicken instead of fish 点了鸡而不是鱼;if 引导条件句,表示“如果,假设”;however“然而,可是”,是连词,用以连接句子。13.(分数:0.50)A.selectiveB.captiveC.optionalD.alternative 解析:解析 词汇辨析题。 alternative energies 意为“替代能源”,结合前文,当能源需求增加,供给减少时,人类要设法使用再生能源和寻找替代能源,才有可能走出能源短缺的困境。避错指导:se
33、lective意为“选择的,有选择性的”;captive 意为“被俘的,被迷住的”;optional 意为“可选择的,随意的”;这三个词均不可指替代能源。14.(分数:0.50)A.profitsB.benefits C.earningsD.goods解析:解析 词汇辨析题。不难推知,经济的增长必然对人们的生活带来好的变化,而 benefits意为“利益,益处”,即人们受益于经济增长带来的新的生活方式。避错指导:profit 常作 profits,指“利润,收益”;earnings 意为“所得,收入”;goods 指“货物”。15.(分数:0.50)A.industrialB.industri
34、alized C.industriousD.industries解析:解析 词汇辨析题。本句 and连接两个并列短语,前面提到 the developing world,后面与此对照的应该是发达国家,也就是工业化国家,因此选 industrialized。避错指导:industrial 意为“工业的,产业的”;industrious 意为“勤勉的,刻苦的”;industries 为名词,是 industry的复数形式,指“工业,产业”。16.(分数:0.50)A.distractB.abstractC.contractD.extract 解析:解析 词汇辨析题。extract 意为“to ob
35、tain from a substance by chemical or mechanical action,as by pressure,distillation, or evaporation”,即通过化学作用或机械作用从某物质中获得,此处指获取或获得资源。避错指导:distract 意为“转移”;abstract 意为“提炼,抽象化”;contract意为“订约”。17.(分数:0.50)A.lonelyB.alone C.lonesomeD.only解析:解析 语义衔接题。此句应结合上下文的意思。前文提到我们应该马上采取行动,下文号召企业、政府和全世界的每一位公民都要努力寻求解决问题的
36、办法;无疑,这样的行动不是依靠某一单方面的力量就可以达成的,所以选刚 alone“独自地”,例如:He sang alone while the choir listened他独唱时唱诗班倾听。避错指导: lonely“孤独的,寂寞的”;lonesome“寂寞的”,尤指由于缺少伙伴而沮丧的;only“唯一的,单独的”。18.(分数:0.50)A.raisingB.breakingC.toweringD.soaring 解析:解析 语义衔接题。该题前文提到我们必须设法解决能源需求的问题。而本空所在句的后一句中提到人口的增长和经济的发展,由此可推知需求是在上升的,soaring 意为“剧增”,正好
37、符合题意。避错指导:raise 虽然有“上升”的含义,但为及物动词;tower 意为“高耸,超出”;break“破坏,阻断”;均不符合题意。19.(分数:0.50)A.declineB.determine C.declaimD.decide解析:解析 词汇辨析题。开篇首句提到:能源问题是本世纪的主要问题之一,这同样是本文的中心论题。第三句的主语意为“我们即将采取的行动”,宾语意为“解决全球能源需求的问题”,而空格所缺为谓语动词,表示主语对宾语所做的动作,结合前文,可推知主语是直接作用并决定宾语的,因此选determine,意为“决定,确定。”避错指导:decline 意为“下降,下垂”,dec
38、laim 意为“巧辩,演讲”,这两个词无法连贯原句逻辑关系。而 decide虽然也意为“决定”,但其主语一般为人。20.(分数:0.50)A.addictB.entrustC.commit D.confide解析:解析 固定搭配题。本句与前句之间由 or连接,很明显,两句是转折关系。前句的意思是“人类可以选择等待,直到危机迫使我们采取措施”;本句相反,即立即协作,开始行动。空格后出现了 to working,可判断 to这里是用做介词,而不是不定式标志词,所填词应能与 to搭配使用。commit oneself to“致力于”符合题意与用法。避错指导:addict 也可与 to搭配使用,add
39、ict to 意为“耽溺于,热爱”,与句意不符;en trust 和 confide强调对别人信任和相信,用法搭配分别为:entrust sthto sb.,confide in sb或 confide sthto sb例:The task was too important to be entrusted to a child此任务太重要而不能托付给儿童。She confided her plans to her family她把自己的计划吐露给家人。三、Section Reading Co(总题数:0,分数:0.00)四、Part A(总题数:0,分数:0.00)五、Text 1(总题数:
40、5,分数:10.00)21.The word “it“ (Line 3, Paragraph 5) most probably refers to(分数:2.00)A.the state of being respected and well-paid.B.the wish to become the best and brightest students.C.a culture among the adults that embrace new ideas.D.the passion for learning and academics. 解析:解析 语义理解题。本题考查考生对于具体词在特定
41、语言环境中的意义。让位于第五段末,显然应该指代前文中提到的事物,因此可在该段寻找答案。首句指出美国教师薪水低,社会地位低,因此许多好的毕业生不当老师。然后话锋一转,指出教师如何成为学生的楷模:要表现对于学习和学术的热爱。此处,学生所要获取的正是前半句中提及的对于学习和学术的热情:their own love of learning and academics, D中 passion for是对 love of的同义替换。避错指导:A与该段首句内容相关,但该句中的工资水平和受尊敬程度是有关教师的细节内容,这与末句中的 children没有相关性,排除;B虽然是有关学生的内容,但与 it在结构上没
42、有相关性,不是 it的指代对象;C出现在下一段中,it 不能指代后面提到的内容,因此此项属于干扰项,排除。22.The author quoted the studies of teachers reading to show that(分数:2.00)A.Howley conducted sophisticated researches.B.there are two patterns of teachers reading.C.teachers should read more books.D.the reading patterns lead to the present situati
43、on of American teachers. 解析:解析 篇章结构题。根据题干中的 the studies of teachersreading可迅速将答案锁定在第四段。该段首句指出学者的一个重要特征就是经常阅读学术文献,因此观察教师的阅读行为就可以看出他们在学术研究方面是否活跃。作者此处引用实验数据,主要是为了说明自己的观点“教师学术研究不积极”,这里提到教师阅读模式的目的在于表明这种阅读模式间接导致了美国教师目前的状况。避错指导:作者引用实验结果、事例等做论据的目的是为了支持、说明论点,A是对实验过程的总结,并非作者观点,因此不是引用的目的;B是对所给细节内容的简要归纳,也非观点,排除
44、;C是一条建议,但这只是针对阅读模式具体内容的推断,本题考查的是段落的篇章结构,即由论据推出论点,故排除此项。23.It can be inferred from the last two paragraphs that(分数:2.00)A.the brightest students will choose to work as teachers.B.teachers will read academic books in their spare time.C.teachers play key roles in building intellectual culture. D.the so
45、cial status of American teachers is quite high nowadays.解析:解析 推理判断题。本题考查学生对于最后两段的理解。末段引用了 Deborah Meier的话来说明教师重视学习和学术的重要意义,从最后的条件句 If we want kids to feel that an intellectual life belongs to them, it must belong to the teacher,too可以看出只有教师身先士卒,才会对学生产生潜移默化的影响。由此可知教师在创造学术氛围方面扮演着重要角色,故推断出C。避错指导:A与B从原文中
46、无法推出,倒数第二段只描述了目前的状况,即优秀的学生逃避教师工作(the best and the brightest are often not attracted to teaching),意思正好与A相反,而教师不思进取(until teachers can be),不肯读书,并没有预言这一情况的改善;D的表述与第五段首句相悖(poorly paid and not well respected),排除。24.According to Hofstadter, American teachers(分数:2.00)A.serve as models to the intellectual l
47、ife.B.are not active in their intellectual life. C.only work as adequate workman.D.play an very important role in the society.解析:解析 事实细节题。题干中出现了 Hofstadter这一人名,据此可迅速定位至首段,该处引用了霍夫斯塔的话,表明他对学校教师的看法:在美国历史上,教师在学术方面不可能是学生的楷模,这是很平常的。接下来第二段对此做进一步阐述,出现一个条件句 If teachers,dont have an active intellectual life, theyre not likely to“如果教师在学术上表现不积极,他们就不可